How do the Liangshan heroes in the masterpiece "Water Margin" celebrate the Chongyang Festival?

Traditional festivals are an important part of our traditional culture, and the creation of festivals is inextricably linked to religion. The Song Dynasty was a people-oriented period, and the personal freedom of the people was greatly improved, and the festivals began to go down the altar, into the homes of ordinary people, and became the carrier of the people's revelry.

"Water Margin" in the real vividly on the Song Jiang Uprising for a comprehensive artistic reproduction at the same time, but also on the city at that time, customs and habits of the image of the description. Especially in the Song Dynasty, the citizen class made a detailed portrayal. Traditional festivals such as the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Chung Yeung Festival are featured in Water Margin. The festivals become a propeller to advance the plot. Chongyang Festival is the first big festival after the Liangshan heroes gathered together, Song Jiang borrowed the festive atmosphere of joy, to put the well-considered plan of recruiting on the table, explored the range of forces in the cottage recruiting and anti-recruitment, the anti-recruitment faction of the generals differentiated treatment, unity of thought, laying the foundation for the smooth recruitment of security. This is similar to Zhao Gao's "deer for horses".

"Water Margin" in the reaction to the recruitment and anti-recruitment struggle at the same time, but also vividly demonstrated the folk customs of the Chongyang Festival, which is written in the 71st Chongyang Festival chrysanthemum will: "Song Jiang called Song Qing, arranged a large feast, will be brothers, with the appreciation of chrysanthemums, called to do the chrysanthemums of the meeting,....... Chrysanthemums are inserted all over the hall of loyalty and righteousness, each according to this seat, divided into the head of the marigold. In front of the hall on both sides of the sieve gongs and drums, blowing and beating, laughing and clamoring, drinking, all the leaders to drink. Ma Lin sang and sang, and Yan Qing played the zither. Do not realize the end of the day."

Chrysanthemum Festival as early as the Warring States period has revealed the beginning, is the harvest after the sacrifice to the emperor, ancestor worship festival, Chrysanthemum Festival, with the exception of, Qing, Yu three festivals is also a traditional Chinese festival in the four major festivals of ancestor worship. In the Song Dynasty, the custom of Chung Yeung was even more solemn, Zhou Mi's "Old Wulin" Volume 3, "Chung Yeung": "All the people drink new wine in the month, and put cornelian cherry hairpins on the chrysanthemums." Liangshan good man although outside the mainstream order, still held the Chrysanthemum Festival Chrysanthemum Club, visible to the importance of this festival. From this can also peep out some of the Song Dynasty Chongyang Festival folklore.

First, chrysanthemum appreciation. Liangshan arranged a chrysanthemum meeting on the Liangshan Mountain, decorated the Hall of Loyalty with chrysanthemums, highlighting the theme of the chrysanthemum meeting, and requiring all the chiefs to attend. Chrysanthemums bloomed during the Chrysanthemum Festival, which is the golden autumn time of the year, so there was the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums at the Chrysanthemum Festival. In Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, chrysanthemum appreciation was prevalent, and at that time there were many varieties of chrysanthemums in a thousand shapes and sizes. During the Chrysanthemum Festival, when chrysanthemums blossomed in the frosty sky, chrysanthemum viewing became an important part of the festival. The Song Dynasty poet Fan Chengda's poem "The world's children do not have a high rhyme, but only to see the flowers of the day of the Chongyang Festival" expresses the pleasure of Song people to taste chrysanthemums and drink wine. In the Tang Dynasty, chrysanthemum appreciation had become a climate, and Meng Haoran wrote in "Passing by the Old Man": "When it comes to the day of the Chung Yeung Festival, I will still come to enjoy chrysanthemums", which shows that people can't forget to come back to enjoy chrysanthemums at the time of the Chung Yeung Festival. Liu Yuxi's "The chrysanthemums are all yellow in every house, and the Liangyuan Garden is as frosty as ever", and Meng Haoran's "When will I bring wine to **** drunken Chungyang Festival", sang out the poet's heart **** and anticipation. Of course, there is also the Song Jiang jokes Huang Chao's poem: "to the fall to September 8, I flowers after the hundred flowers killed. Rushing incense formation through Chang'an, the city is full of gold armor." It not only depicts the opening of chrysanthemums at the Chung Yeung Festival, but also shows Huang Chao's ambition and self-confidence in overthrowing the Tang Dynasty. This is the insurmountable realm of feudal literati!

Second, chrysanthemums on the head. Song Jiang when the venue for the "Man Jiang Hong" wrote: "sideburns can not be no yellow chrysanthemum", it can be seen, if not to attend the chrysanthemum meeting of the leaders, each in the sideburns of the chrysanthemums, at least Song Jiang himself is inserted chrysanthemums. Chongyang Festival head chrysanthemum custom, in the Tang Dynasty has been very common. It was prevalent in the Song Dynasty. Books recorded that Lin Chong, Xu Ning and other upper class people had the habit of wearing flowers. Ancient people believed that wearing chrysanthemums on the Chongyang Festival day could take refuge and eliminate disasters. During the Qing Dynasty, it was the custom in Beijing to put chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows to "lift the evils and attract good luck". This is a variation of the custom of hairpin chrysanthemum on the head.

Third, drink chrysanthemum wine. In the Song Dynasty, the Chongyang Festival was no longer simply a festival of ancestor worship, but an increase in the content of food and wine. Chrysanthemum wine was regarded as the "auspicious wine" that must be drunk on the Day of the Chrysanthemum, to get rid of disasters and pray for blessings.

Mengliang Records said: "Today, the world to chrysanthemums, cornelian cherry floating in the wine to drink, cover the cornelian cherry 'to ward off evil spirits', chrysanthemum for the 'longevity of the guest,'" aimed at repelling filth and evil, and prolonging life, so "to drive away the evil, and to prolong the life, so". Prolong life, so "September 9, four people and by drinking feast". In the chrysanthemum buds waiting to bloom, people will pick down the flower buds, stems and leaves, and corn brewed together, until the next year, the first nine days of September when the Chongyang Festival to open the altar to drink. Chrysanthemums open in the cold frost in the fall, the smell is fragrant, people think it is a good product to prolong life.

Chrysanthemum appreciation, drinking chrysanthemum wine, Liang Shan heroes ranked after spending a relaxed and happy Chongyang Festival. In addition, "the two sides of the hall, sieve gongs and drums, blowing loudly, laughing and clamoring", as well as Ma Lin and blowing and singing, Yan Qing zheng, for the chrysanthemums will cheer, so that the chrysanthemums are more lively.

In this seemingly peaceful and harmonious chrysanthemum-appreciation conference, but bred the arrival of the crisis. As Liangshan grows, there is a conflict over the future way out of Liangshan.

Song Jiang was drunk, called to fetch pen and paper. A moment of drunkenness, the word "Man Jiang Hong". After writing, make music and sing this song. Road is:

Happy to meet the Chung Yeung, more good wine is ripe today. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it," he said. The head is taught to add white hair, sideburns can not be no yellow chrysanthemum. I would like to talk about the love of brotherhood in front of the bottle, like gold and jade. I have been in charge of the jackals and tigers, and I have been in charge of the borders. The orders are clear and the army is in high command. The center of my wish is to pacify the captives and protect the people and the country. The sun and the moon are always hanging over the guts of the loyal and martyrs, while the wind and the dust are blocking the eyes of the traitors. I hope that the King of Heaven will send down an edict, and that the heart will be satisfied with an early recruited peace."

Liangshan on the singer "music and sing this word, is sung to 'hope that the King of Heaven sent down the edict, as early as possible to recruit security', only to see Wu Song called: 'Today also to recruit security, tomorrow also to recruit security to go, cold brothers' hearts! Black Whirlwind then opened his strange eyes and shouted: 'Recruit peace, recruit peace! Recruitment of peace! He only kicked the table up and smashed it. Chrysanthemum will actually be Song Jiang on the yellow nest of a worship of the reflection of the refraction of their own ambitions exposed to everyone, but also the recruitment of the contradictions revealed, resulting in the recruitment of incomplete, buried the cause of Liangshan , but also indirectly undermine the Song Dynasty good life.