Celebrity celebrity, what kind of painting is "Chinese painting"

Chinese painting-China traditional painting form

Chinese painting, also known as "Chinese painting", is a kind of Chinese painting (different from "western painting"). Scroll painting mainly refers to painting on silk, rice paper and silk with brush, ink and traditional Chinese painting pigments and mounting them. Themes can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc. Techniques are divided into brushwork and freehand brushwork, and its spiritual core is "pen and ink". Traditional Chinese painting emphasizes "the nature of foreign teachers, the heart is in the source of China", requires "the meaning should be kept first, and the painting should be satisfied", and emphasizes the integration of things and the creation of artistic conception, so as to achieve the purpose of describing the spirit with form, having both form and spirit and vivid charm. It emphasizes spirit rather than modeling, and artistic conception rather than scene.

Chinese painting is mainly divided into figures, flowers and birds, and landscapes. On the surface, Chinese paintings are divided into these categories by subject matter, but in fact, they use art to express an idea and thought. The so-called "painting is divided into three subjects", which summarizes three aspects of cosmic life: figure painting shows the relationship between human society and people; Landscape painting shows the relationship between man and nature, and integrates man and nature; Flower-and-bird painting is to show all kinds of life in nature and live in harmony with people. The reason why Chinese painting is divided into figures, flowers and birds, and landscapes is actually a philosophical reflection on artistic sublimation. The combination of the three constitutes the whole universe, which complements each other. This is the true meaning of art..

(1) Chinese paintings are full of lines, while western paintings are not obvious.

(2) Chinese painting does not pay attention to perspective, while western painting pays attention to perspective.

(3) Chinese painting does not talk about anatomy, while western figure painting attaches great importance to anatomy.

(4) Chinese painting does not emphasize the background, while western painting emphasizes the background.

(5) The theme of oriental painting is mainly nature, while the theme of western painting is mainly people.

Painters' school

Yellow genre

Also known as "Yellow Painting School" and "Huang Jiafugui". It occupies an important position in the history of flower-and-bird painting in China. It is one of the two schools of flower-and-bird painting in the Five Dynasties. It matured in the Yellow Spring of Western Shu in the Five Dynasties and flourished in Huang Jucai in the early Song Dynasty. Huang Quan is a royal painter deeply loved by the ruling class. Because of his superb skills, he is good at absorbing the techniques of predecessors and has a unique style. His sons Jucai and Jubao inherited his family style and became the dominant flower and bird school in Song Dynasty. The Yellow School represents the painting style of West Shu and Central Plains in the late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Early Song Dynasty, and has become a typical style of garden flower-and-bird painting.

Xupai

Also known as the abbreviation of "or Xu School". One of the famous painting schools in China is also one of the two major schools of flower-and-bird painting in the Five Dynasties. The representative painter is Xu Xi of the Southern Tang Dynasty. His works pay attention to the outline of ink bones, and the light color reveals a unique style, so later people call it Xu Xiye Yi. Xu's pen and ink skills have a great influence on later generations. By the time Xu Xi's grandson, Xu Chongsi, made his debut, Xu Xi Painting School was becoming more and more famous. In the Ming Dynasty, after Zhang Zhong, Wang Ruoshui, Shen Zhou, Chen Daofu, Wen Zhiming, Xu Wei and others, it developed into a set of freehand brushwork flower-and-bird paintings, which competed with the yellow flower-and-bird painting school and influenced the flower-and-bird painting circle in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than a thousand years.

Wu school

The school of painting in China in the middle of Ming Dynasty, also known as "Wu Pai". Suzhou, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Wu, is called Wumen. Its main representatives such as Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin, Chou Ying and Zhang Hong all belong to Wujun (now Suzhou), hence the name. As early as the early Ming Dynasty before the rise of Wumen Sect, there were already a number of painters in Suzhou and Wuxi in the south of the Yangtze River, such as, Chen, Chen Xian and others. Most of them are good at poetry and have high literary accomplishment. In painting, he mainly inherited the tradition of Huang and Wang Meng in the Yuan Dynasty, and created literati paintings with pen feeling and ink interest as the main theme. Their art had a direct or indirect influence on Shen Zhou, the founder of Wu Pai, and they were the pioneers of this school. Because of the imperial court paintings and the unique Zhejiang school dominating the painting world at that time, the works of Du Qiong and others did not get wide attention from the society, and their main activity was literary creation, so they did not form their own factions. Representative figures are Wen Jia, Zhu Qiu, Zhou Zhimian, Chen Chun, Zhang Hong, etc. Different styles and splendid scenes have injected new vitality into Wu Pai.

Northern landscape painting school

One of the schools of Chinese painting, also known as "Northern Landscape Painting School". China landscape painting was divided into Northern School and Southern School in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Guo Tu Zhi said, "Only Qiu Licheng, Chang 'an Guantong and Huayuan Fan Kuan are fascinated by their wisdom, but above the class, there are three leading families and a hundred generations." He added: "the weather is bleak, the smoke forest is clear, the fine front is prominent, the ink method is implicit, and the camp system is also;" The stone is strong, the trees are lush, the pavilions are quaint, the characters are leisurely and comfortable, and the family style of Guan family is also. " Li, Guan and Fan's painting styles prevailed in Qi and Lu, and influenced Guan and Shaanxi, and they were really masters of the northern landscape painting school.

Southern landscape painting school

The Southern Landscape Painting School is also called "Jiangnan Landscape Painting School" or "Nanzong Landscape Painting School". One of the schools of Chinese painting, Shen Kuo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan" in the Northern Song Dynasty said: "Dong regards autumn haze and writes more about the true mountains in the south of the Yangtze River, not because of strangeness; Ju Ran, the founder of Jianye, gave a wonderful description of Dong Fa. " Mi Fei's "History of Painting" also said: "Dong Yuan is simple and naive, and Tang has no such thing." This school, with Dong Yuan and Ju Ran as its masters, is known as "Dong Ju" in the world. Hui Chong and Zhao Lingrang's small scenery, therefore, made a tributary. Mi Pai Yunshan by Mifei and his son depicts the scenery around Jingkou and shows the new look of this school. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chang Fa (Muxidi) and Ruofen (Encounter) belonged to the Southern School of Painting and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty.

Huzhou zhuxiao

One of Chinese painting schools. This school takes bamboo as the object of expression, represented by Song and Su Shi, especially painting bamboo. Ming Lian once wrote Huzhou Bamboo School, stating that there were as many as 25 painters from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. Wen Tong was once the satrap of Huzhou (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang), hence the name. In Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Tuizhi believed that Mozi started in Li Longji, and Tang Xuanzong, Wu Daozi, Wang Wei, Li Ang and Xiao Yue were also good at painting bamboo. Bai Juyi once wrote "Painting Bamboo Rest" to praise Xiao. Because of great progress in bamboo art, Wen has been painting bamboo all his life.

Changzhou school of painting

Also known as "Pilin School" and "Wujin School". One of Chinese painting schools. Changzhou (now Jiangsu) was called Piling and Wujin in ancient times, so it is also called "Piling School" and "Wujin School". This school wins by painting flowers and insects. The painted flowers are directly colored without ink lines. Boning method described by Xu Chongsi and Zhao Chang in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, Changzhou Painting School has attracted many painters. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the Piling monk, Juning, seems to be a Zen forest ink play. In the Southern Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, Yu Qingyan and Yu Wudao were famous for painting lotus flowers. Sun Long was good at painting colorful flowers and birds in Ming Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty, Yu Guang of Tang Dynasty was famous for Lotus in Tang Dynasty and Peony in Yun. In the early Qing Dynasty, Changzhou flowers reached their peak.

Mi Pai

One of Chinese painting schools. Refers to the paintings painted by Mi Fei and Mi Youren in Song Dynasty. In the history of painting, it is called "Migu" or "Mill". Mi Fei's landscape paintings changed from the East to the West, breaking through the traditional techniques of hooking and fringing, and using pen and ink to dye ink instead of meticulous painting. He said, "the letter has been written, and the trees and stones are covered by smoke. It seems that it is enough." His son, Mi Youren (1074 ~ 1 153), was a lazy old man in his later years, with a bachelor's degree in painting academy. His landscape paintings developed Mi Fei's technique of writing clouds with horizontal dots of ink and wash, advocating simplicity and innocence, and calling himself "ink play". "Mill" lives in Xiangyang and Zhenjiang, and is particularly intoxicated with the natural scenery of Xiaoxiang and Jinjiao. Therefore, most landscape paintings take Yunshan, rain Ji and smoke as the theme, with ink and wash as the background, and use the "falling eggplant method" with horizontal strokes to express misty rain clouds, confusion and fantasy, which is internationally known as "Midian Landscape" and "Mi's Yunshan" and belongs to ink and wash freehand brushwork. Gao Heping of the Southern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty once learned from them, which had a great influence on later generations. It is also said that it was created by Mi Fei and inherited and developed by his son Mi Youren.

Songjiang school

Also known as "Songjiang School of Painting". One of Chinese painting schools. The floorboard of the three schools of landscape painting in Songjiang Prefecture (now Shanghai) in the late Ming Dynasty. First, headed by Zhao Zuo, known as the "Susong School of Painting"; Second, headed by Shen, known as the "cloud painting school"; Third, Gu Zhengyi and his sons and nephews are called "Huating School of Painting".

Zhepai

Also known as "Zhejiang School of Painting". One of Chinese painting schools. Dai Jin, a major painter in the early Ming Dynasty, created this situation. Dai Jin (1388 ~ 1462), also known as Jing 'an and Yuquan Mountain. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. Painting was greatly influenced by Li Tang and Ma Yuan, and absorbed the constitution of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy. He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and feathers, and his painting skills are very high. He was popular for a while, with many scholars, and gradually formed the "Zhejiang School". Wei Wu (1459 ~ 1508), a native of Houjiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei), learned to dress, and his courage increased. Many people followed his painting style and formed the "Jiangxia School", a tributary of Zhejiang School. Famous painters of Zhejiang School and Jiangxia School are Zhang Lu, Jiang, Xie and Lan Ying. After the middle of Ming Dynasty, Wu Pai rose to dominate the painting world. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, "Zhejiang School" no longer appeared in painting circles.

Huangshan brand

Also known as "Huangshan Painting School". One of Chinese painting schools. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Mei family in Xuancheng (now Anhui) was a direct line. They are Mei Qing, Mei Yuzhong, Geng Mei, Mei Fu and Shi Tao who lives in Xuancheng. Shi Tao, whose legal name is Yuanji, loved mountains and rivers in his early years. He has visited Lushan and Huangshan many times, lived in Xuancheng for ten years, and interacted with Shi Mei and Dai Benxiao. These painters, learning from nature and the ancients, influenced each other and were famous for painting Huangshan Mountain, so they were called "Huangshan School". Xin 'an Painting School is mainly composed of Huangshan, so some people claim to belong to Huangshan Painting School, but its style is different from that of "Huangshan Painting School", just like Zhejiang and Chengsui have their own characteristics, so some people belong to "Huangshan Painting School", which is really wrong.

Yushanpai

Also known as "Yushan Painting School". One of Chinese painting schools. Wang Yi, a landscape painter in Qing Dynasty, studied under Wang Jian and Wang Shimin successively, carefully copied the famous works of past dynasties, and took famous artists from France, Song and Yuan. He often learns painting skills from his close friend Yun. Michelle Ye, a sage (Emperor Kangxi), once ordered him to preside over the drawing of the giant structure of Southern Tour Map, and presented the book with the word "the landscape is clear and bright", which gained a good reputation, so this painting is famous in Kangxi. His main students are Gu Yun and Jin. Wang Yi is a native of Changshu, Jiangsu Province. Changshu has Yushan Mountain and is known as the "Yushan Painting School". Its worship of the ancients had a great influence on the landscape painting in Qing Dynasty.

Lingnan school

Also known as "Lingnan School of Painting". One of Chinese painting schools.

Jiangxi school

Also known as Jiangxi School of Painting. One of Chinese painting schools. A school of painting represented by Luo Mu, a painter in the early Qing Dynasty. Luo Mu, a native of Ningdu, Jiangxi, now lives in Nanchang, Jiangxi. Good at painting landscapes, ethereal brushwork. Between Huang and Dong Qichang, taught by the Wei Stone Bed, the beautiful Lin Hai and the cool and charming ink color are called wonderful products. There are many teachers in Jianghuai area. They are the founders of Jiangxi School. Qin commented on his painting cloud: "There is more stability than elegance". His works include Landscape Painting with Ink Pen and Landscape Painting with Linxi.

Dafengtang painting school

Refers to the painting school built by Zhang Shanzi, Zhang Daqian's disciples and their inheritors and named after the Dafengtang Studio.

Sea painting school

Referred to as "Shanghai School". One of the schools of traditional painting in China. Formed in modern times, that is, after Shanghai became a commercial port in the late Qing Dynasty, some literati from all over the world lived in Shanghai and made a living by selling paintings. After a long time, they became the center of painting activities. There are more than 100 people, mainly represented by Zhao, Ren Yi, Xu Gu, Wu Changshuo and Huang, who are called "Shanghai School".

Relative painting school

1986 was founded by Xue.

Chang'an Painting School

, Shilu, He,,, Huangzhou,,,, Wang Jinling, Luo Pingan, Zhao Zhenchuan.