What does compassion mean in Buddhism?

Buddhist dictionary

Ci, Sanskrit maitrya, maitri^, Pali metti；; Sad, Sanskrit karun! A: So is Pali. Caring for all beings and giving happiness (and joy) is called kindness; Sympathize with its suffering, pity all beings, and pull out its suffering (pull out its suffering), which is called sadness; The two are collectively called compassion. The sorrow of the Buddha is a state of empathy with the suffering of all beings, so it is called empathy. And its compassion is infinite, so it is called uncovered compassion (no one is wider, bigger and worse than this).

"Great Wisdom" volume 29, kindness and sadness are taken in four infinite hearts, which are called infinite kindness and infinite sadness respectively. According to Volume 40 of Great Wisdom and Volume 15 of Mahayana Sutra by Kitamoto, there are three kinds of compassion: (1) compassion is born, and it is also made of love and kindness to all beings. In other words, it is the compassion of ordinary people to treat all beings as pure children and have fun in suffering. But 30% (sound, edge, bodhisattva) of the initial compassion also belongs to this kind, so it is also called small compassion. (2) The compassion of law is the compassion of realizing that all laws are truth without self. It is the second multiplication of ignorance (arhat), and it is the compassion of all the bodhisattvas above the land, also called middle sorrow. (3) No compassion is an equal and absolute compassion that is far from dissent and distraction. This is the unique compassion of the Buddha, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people and second-rate people, so it is called great compassion (Brahma-Amitabha-Maha-Ka Rong! A) show great compassion for others. The above three kinds of compassion are also called three kinds of compassion, three kinds of compassion, or three kinds of compassion. Bodhisattva Scriptures Seven, Ten Scriptures Two, Buddhist Scriptures Five, Big Neipo Shapiro Seventeen, Eighty-two, Ten Neipo Shapiro One, Shunzheng Theory Seventy-eight, Past Life Theory One.

Ding Buddhist dictionary

(terminology) Kindness with pleasure, sadness with bitterness. Two of the four infinite minds are infinite. On the 27th day of "On Wisdom", it said,' Great kindness and great compassion make all beings happy, while great compassion makes all beings suffer. '

Encyclopedia of Buddhism in China

The concept of mourning is called pity for things. Compassion is the gateway of Buddhism and Taoism and the mind of all Buddhists. There are fourteen clouds in the southern version of Nirvana Sutra (Dazheng 12.698b):' All sounds, feelings, bodhisattvas and buddhas come to our place, and all good roots are based on goodness.' According to the cloud (Dazheng 12.343C) in "The Buddha's heart is full of compassion, and he takes all beings with kindness." In addition, compassion is the foundation of all good and the hidden virtue of all people. On great wisdom (Dazheng 25.256c):' Compassion is the foundation of Buddhism and Taoism, and (middle) it is also great compassion, and it never tires of life and death for boundless monks.'

The book "On Ten Houses of Pipasha" once tasted that arrogance and sadness are lifeless mothers, and everything is born. Therefore, at the beginning of Buddhist and Taoist practice, five stops were used to cure confusion, compassion was used to cure resentment, and practice was gradual. Or four boundless, or ten lines of faith and so on. , are inseparable from this kind of compassion. The second door of compassion and wisdom was re-established to show the sense of virtue of Buddhism. Guanyin symbolizes Tommy's door of compassion and Pu Xian symbolizes Sakyamuni's door of compassion. Confession of mercy Dojo (Dazheng 45.922c):

This is the king of all kinds of goodness. Wherever all sentient beings go, such as sunshine and day, such as moonlight and night, they are eyes, teachers, parents and brothers. This is the true knowledge. A compassionate parent is more important than flesh and blood. They will stay together from generation to generation, although they will never leave. '

Chen Buddhism commonly used vocabulary

Kindness and sadness. Giving happiness to all beings is called kindness; May the suffering of all sentient beings be called sorrow.

Have no pity.

brief introduction

If we don't interpret the word "compassion", we can interpret the meaning of harmony between suffering and joy, as well as the three goodness in life (affection and love), dharma and no chance. Here's a brief explanation:

Bitter and bittersweet

(1) Bitterness and pleasure: There are two theories: one is that bitterness is good, and joy is sadness; Second, happiness is kindness, and pain is sadness. Regarding the former, there are fourteen clouds in Nanben Nirvana Sutra (Dazheng12.696a):' To destroy the interests of all beings is to be merciful and compassionate; It is a great pity to want to have fun with all beings. "Randomly play the record in Notes on Past Lives (Dazheng 40.842b):' Pulling out bitterness is kindness, and joy is sorrow, so pulling out all the sufferings of all beings by kindness and staying away from the restless heart by sorrow.' Regarding the latter, such as "On Great Wisdom", Volume 27 (Dazheng 25.256b):' Great compassion, joy and all sentient beings; Great compassion pulls out all the sufferings of all living beings. "The Theory of Ten Places" (Dazheng 26.134 A):' The cause and effect of good pleasure; Sad people have the same cause and effect. "Others, such as the Mahayana Vipassana, Volume 1 and the Shunzheng Theory, Volume 79, all said the same thing.

In this regard, various classics have their own explanations. Ten meanings of "Tong" and "Don't" are attributed to the exploration of Huayan Jing. According to the general theory, compassion means taking pains to get pleasure. According to different theories, each one belongs to the other. The fourteenth volume of the Mahayana Sutra says that kindness and sorrow are not resentful, but are divided into two parts with different four meanings. One is different functions, so sadness can pull out suffering, and kindness can make you happy; Second, patients are treated in different ways, so sadness stops hurting and compassion stops greed. In addition, sadness can eliminate subtle anger, and kindness can send heavy anger; Third, because of different realms, all beings have many reasons for sadness and pain, but no reasons for happiness. The four rewards are different, so the sadness is empty and the grace is full.

Three-sided compassion

(2) Trilateral compassion: a little cloud and three compassion. Notes on Past Lives (Dazheng 40.828c) says:' There are three causes of compassion, one is small sorrow, the other is medium sorrow, and the third is great sorrow.' The theory of three edges is explained in the southern book Nirvana Sutra Volume 14, Buddha Land Theory Volume 5, Great Wisdom Theory Volume 20, Volume 27 and Volume 20. Among them, the three goodness described in The Great Wisdom is second to none:

1. All sentient beings must be kind: compassion is not only a bondage to all sentient beings, but also a bondage to all sentient beings, so all sentient beings are bound to each other. That is, it rises from a certain person's posture, so all beings in the cloud are merciful.

3. Buddha's compassion: the saints break me out of phase, and the audience is compassionate to the false of five yin. In other words, these sentient beings, ignorant of the emptiness of the law, jump up and desire, so the saints pity them and make them happy at will.

3. No mercy: Buddha's heart can't live in the past, the future and the present, knowing that all laws are untrue, reversing the virtual reality and being unreasonable. Therefore, he missed the Buddha's heart and thought that all living beings did not know the reality of various laws, and they made five round trips, and all laws persisted and chose separately. Because of this, all beings gain the wisdom of all legal realities.

In addition, the Nirvana Sutra gives two meanings, one meaning to give happiness to poor sentient beings, and the name is sentient beings; Fate is what all beings need, and giving it is called dharma fate; The fate of the Tathagata, the name is out of reach. If the Tathagata never leaves poverty and enjoys the first happiness, it does not depend on the life of all beings and the life of the law, so the cloud has no chance. And want to have fun with all beings, so the cloud has no pity. This is divided into three parties in terms of profit. Another meaning is that all sentient beings, parents, wives and family members, are named sentient beings; I can't see my parents, wife and family. I think all laws are born of life, and the name is life; Don't live in Buddhism and all sentient beings, let nature take its course and have no name; This is consistent with the great wisdom theory.

What is the difference between Buddhist compassion and secular kindness?

China's traditional culture of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism emphasizes treating people with morality, and family, society and country should have morality. Confucianism says "cultivate one's morality, govern the country and level the world", which is the golden mean, with impartiality as the center and impartiality as the mediocrity. Taoists talk about purity and inaction, want less to be satisfied, and live an indifferent life, which belongs to the realm of harmony between man and nature. Zhuge Liang said that "being indifferent to clear aspirations, being quiet and far-reaching" is a Taoist thought, which is quite detached.

But when Buddhists talk about compassion, they are born and the realm of Mahayana bodhisattva. Compassion is the center of Buddhism, compassion is the foundation, and convenience is the door. How can we be merciful? Minding the sufferings of all beings and saving them is called bodhicitta. Bodhicitta must be consolidated by compassion, such as roots, and must be moistened by rain to sprout, blossom and bear fruit. Great sorrow is like rain. Everything can't grow without rain. It's just that the object, space, time and goal of great compassion are vast.

The object of compassion is wet embryo eggs, even including all flying and diving plants (flying, hiding, animals and plants). Plants are vital and cannot be destroyed at will.

Space is very wide, that is, three thousand worlds, infinite worlds, such a wide space. My family, my group, my nation, my country, this space is very narrow in Buddhism, with the word "I" in it.

For a long time, I will not only benefit him now, but also benefit him from generation to generation, and I will help the poor for a long time.

The goal is far, what goal is far? So that he can get not only food, clothing and property, but also law, body and wisdom, and all of them will become Buddhas, enter nirvana and prove Bodhi in the future.

Therefore, this kind of compassion of Buddhism is not general love, general benevolence and general virtue, which transcends Taoism, Confucianism and all religions. The first paragraph of the Heart Sutra says: "Avalokitesvara, if you walk like paramita for a long time, you will see that the five aggregates are empty and all your sufferings are bitter." This "everything" covers a wide range. Where can you go to suffer all the hardships? To nirvana bodhi. This realm is vast, and the Buddha's heart is broad, pure, upright, equal and compassionate. Without these hearts, we can't live among all beings.