What are the research methods of physics?

First, the control variable method: by fixing several factors, it is transformed into a problem that several single factors affect a certain quantity.

Equivalence: a method of replacing a physical quantity, a physical device or a physical state (process) with another corresponding quantity to reach the same conclusion.

3. Model method: a simplified model that reproduces the essential connection and internal characteristics of the prototype in an idealized way.

Fourth, the transformation method (indirect inference method) turns the unobservable effect (phenomenon) into an observable macro object or macro effect through its own accumulation.

5. Analogy: a logical method to transfer the relevant knowledge and conclusions of one object to another according to the similarity or similarity of two objects in some aspects.

Comparative method: a logical method to find out the similarities or differences between research objects.

Induction: a method of summarizing the general judgment logic from a series of individual phenomena.

Extended data:

The essence of physics: physics does not study the mechanism of natural phenomena (or can't study it at all). We can only feel the laws of nature in some phenomena and try to explain anything that happens in nature with these laws. Our limited intelligence is always trying to understand and change nature, which is the goal pursued by physics and even all natural sciences.

Six attributes

1. Truth: The theories and experiments of physics reveal the mysteries of nature and reflect the objective laws of material movement.

2. Harmony and unity: the movement of celestial bodies in mysterious space, described by Kepler's three laws, shows how harmonious and orderly it is. Several great unifications in physics also show the feeling of beauty.

Newton unified all macroscopic objects in the sky and on the ground with three laws and the law of universal gravitation. The establishment of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory unified electricity and magnetism. Einstein's equation of mass and energy unifies mass and energy. The wave-particle duality theory of light unifies particles and fluctuations. Einstein's theory of relativity unified time and space again.

3. Simplicity: The mathematical language of physical laws embodies the simplicity and portability of physics. Such as Newton's second law, Einstein's mass-energy equation and Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

4. Symmetry: Symmetry generally refers to the symmetry of the shape of an object, and the deep symmetry is manifested in the development and change of things or the symmetry of objective laws. For example, the spatial lattice structure of various crystals in physics is highly symmetrical. Vertical throwing motion, simple harmonic vibration, wave mirror symmetry, magnetoelectric symmetry, symmetry of acting force and reaction force, positive particle and antiparticle, positive matter and antimatter, positive charge and negative charge, etc.

5. Predictability: The correct physical theory can not only explain the physical phenomena discovered at that time, but also predict the physical phenomena that could not be detected at that time. For example, Maxwell's electromagnetic theory predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves, Rutherford predicted the existence of neutrons, Fresnel's diffraction theory predicted that there was a Poisson bright spot in the diffraction center of a disk, and Dirac predicted the existence of electrons.

6. Exquisite: The physical experiment is exquisite, and the ingenious design method makes the physical phenomenon more obvious.

For physical theory and experiment, the definition of physical quantity, the hypothesis selection of measurement, the mathematical expansion of theory and the comparison between theory and experiment are all in line with the experimental law and the only goal of physical theory.

People can solve the problem through such a combination, that is, prediction guides scientific practice. This is not a great materialistic thought, but actually the purpose and structure of physics theory.

On the basis of continuous reflection on the objective principle of non-empiricism produced by metaphysics, the theory of physics can be judged by its own scientific terms. Without relying on the idea that they may be subordinate to the philosophical school. Among the physical attributes described, simple attributes are selected, while other attributes are the imagination and combination of clustering.

Through appropriate measurement methods and mathematical skills, we can further understand the true colors of things. There is a certain correspondence between the quantities selected in the experiment. A relationship can have many experiments, but an experiment can't correspond to many relationships. In other words, a rule can be embodied in multiple experiments, but multiple experiments may not necessarily embody only one rule.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-physics