Brief introduction of Liang Ji

Liang Ji (1858-1918165438+10/0) was an official and scholar in the late Qing dynasty. Juchuan, Meng Kuang, alias Guiling old man, from Guilin, Guangxi, is the father of Liang Shuming, a professor of philosophy at Peking University. Juren in Guangxu period. Li Guan's cabinet secretary, members of the general office of the Rehabilitation Bureau, director of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and Shi Jing Higher Industrial School raised the issue of fasting, and drowned himself after the Qing Dynasty.

Chinese name: Liang Ji.

Alias: Juchuan and Meng Kuang, alias Guiling Old Man.

Ethnic group: Mongolian

Place of birth: Guilin, Guangxi

Date of birth: 1858

Date of death:1918165438+10.

Occupation: official, scholar

Masterpiece: Mr. Liang's suicide note in Guilin

Children: Liang Shuming

biography

His father Liang Chengguang suppressed the Nian Army in Shanxi and died in Shanxi. Liang Ji returned to Beijing from Shaanxi with his mother when he was eight years old. His first mother, Liu Handeng, taught there. Guangxu four years, as a teacher of Yuanxue. In the 11th year of Guangxu, Shuntian township examination was held. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served as the official position of Zhongshu (four products) in the cabinet and remained motionless for more than ten years. 1906, Shi Jing inspection team was transferred to the general office of the Rehabilitation Bureau. Worked in the Ministry of Civil Affairs after the Republic of China. He lives in the Peng family in the north corner of the city and is nicknamed "Liang Madman". 19 18 wrote a letter to the world on September 27th,1October 8th165438+60th birthday and threw himself into Jishuitan (Beijing Yejing Lake). His suicide note has thousands of words, emphasizing that "my brother didn't have to die today. However, the rectification of the country is a major event, and a gentleman cannot be regarded as irresponsible. " "National character does not exist, and the country will not be a country. I will martyrdom myself, and then let the people know that national character is necessary for the founding of the country. " "My death is not only a nostalgia for the old, but also a new awakening." "Last year, I made up my mind not to listen to the sound of selling water chestnuts and eat watermelons this year." The letter also wrote five things for President Xu Shichang, namely, welcoming guests, officials, soldiers, wealth and royalty, and the district painting was well prepared. Sadness. Liang Shuming's brother compiled his father's suicide note "Mr. Liang Guilin's suicide note" into six volumes, a total of four volumes, which were distributed to public reading institutions and their friends. 1969 was published again by Taipei wenhai publishing house, and included in the series of China modern history materials edited by Shen Yunlong. The Complete Works of Liang Shuming published by 1989 also included this work.

Historical documents of Qing dynasty

Liang Ji was born in Lingui of Guangxi. Father Cheng Guang, who died in Shanxi, was too poor to return. He left the capital and liked reading Qi Jiguang's The Art of War and the memorials of famous ministers. In the eleventh year of Guangxu, he took part in the rural examination in Shuntian. At that time, his father was holding Wu Panzu and Jining Sun Yuwen, both of whom were expensive, but Dont Ask For Help. This is the first attack on politics. If you choose the second class, you will be instructed to change the cabinet book and not move for more than ten years. I didn't specialize in economics. In thirty-three years, the Governor of Shi Jing recruited the Correctional Services Bureau to assist the General Administration in dealing with criminals, at the same time, he collected the poor in the sub-bureaus, set up primary school classes for young children to learn arts in different subjects, and set up special schools to sell, save money and collect things. The Minister of Civil Affairs in The Cabinetshi Read is the Foreign Minister in charge of promotion. I have worked in the Ministry for five years and haven't filled the vacancy yet. Quit one's job. The next year, the home secretary invited him again and again, but no one could die. At the age of 50, at the age of 60, the philosophers made a living, so they stopped, could not, and took refuge in the Peng family in the north corner of the city. Three days in advance, I died in the online business lake, which is also the seventh day of October. The suicide note has more than ten thousand words. There are five things: people, officials, soldiers, wealth and royalty. The district painting is well prepared. Give up chastity.

Anecdotes of characters

1918165438+17 October, Liang Ji, the former foreign minister and scholar of the Civil Affairs Department of the Qing Dynasty, who was about to celebrate his 60th birthday, asked his son Liang Shuming, "Will the world be all right?" My son is a philosophy professor in Peking University. He replied, "I believe the world is getting better day by day." "It's good to be good!" Liang Ji said and left home. Three days later, Liang Ji drowned himself in Beijing Jishuitan, leaving a suicide note saying: "If national character does not exist, the country will not become a country. I will be a martyr myself, and then let the people know that national character is necessary for the founding of the country. My death is not only a nostalgia for the old, but also a new awakening. "

Suicide influence

Xu Zhimo commented: "Its origin and function have never been measured by our common sense, let alone criticized by any social or scientific evaluation standard. Among us idiots who believe in spiritual life (you can say superstition), when we still have an inch of land to keep, we must never let the weight of materialism completely overwhelm the expression of human spirit, let alone tolerate the shadow of superstition in a certain era (medieval religion, modern science) completely drowning the unchanging value in the universe. "

Liang Qichao also deeply regretted the news of Liang Ji's death. He wrote: "Since Mr. Qi Chao read his last words in the newspaper, he felt tears in his eyes, and he deeply regretted the existence of this man. In my opinion, although there are not many words to teach each other in Fu Dan Lu, as Hui Weng said, a stick and a scar, a slap in the face and a palm of blood, so the person who is good at profit is really big. " At the same time, I also warned Liang Shuming to announce it for me in the Spring and Autumn Period. As the saying goes: Qi Chao has no teeth and does not forget his teacher's teaching. He tries to save the world from drowning with his teacher's spirit. ""I believe that this handsome and strong personality influence is all about the world. Its effectiveness cannot be seen today and will be seen in the future, so the teacher will not die. "

Although Tao especially praised "unyielding personality, prudent and upright conduct, and unswerving enthusiasm for his wife and friends", he thought: "In that era when everything was commercialized, it was really rare to have such a person as Mr. Juchuan. Although I respect Mr. Juchuan very much, although I hope that I and others can be as disciplined and loyal to my parents, family, friends, country or socialism as Mr. Juchuan, I always feel that suicide should not be the method adopted by his old man. "

Chen Duxiu praised Liang Ji from the traditional angle. He believes that "the purpose of Mr. Liang's suicide is to advocate China's Confucian orthodoxy in the spirit of mourning, and to relieve the depravity of society". Therefore, he disapproved of Liang Ji's "pure martyrdom for Qing Dynasty". At the same time, he clearly pointed out that people in the new era don't have to learn from his practice of sacrificing their lives for righteousness, but they should have his courage and sincere and pure spirit to help the society fall.

Hu Shi, who had just lost his father at that time, also stressed that the public should learn from Liang Ji's tragedy and "form the habit of welcoming new ideas so that new knowledge and new ideas can flow in".

Li Dazhao also expressed great concern about the current situation in the article Hua Yan in Beijing, and pointed out: "They are much kinder to their own lives than those young people who lived in a drunken dream and lived in five generations."

Although Fu Sinian listed Liang Ji, Gu Hongming and Zhang Xun as symbols of conservatism in "Cowardly China People", the article also pointed out: "No matter what doctrine he is, as long as he has it, it is better than nothing. That is, altruism can be done by Gu, Liang Juchuan and Zhang Xun, which is better than have it both ways. "