The production stage of spear

The Yuan Dynasty (127 1- 1368) was the founding period of spear guns in ancient China. Prior to this, the early nonmetallic tubular firearms had a history of 100 years. 1 132, the song dynasty standardized the development of bamboo guns. 1232 Ren Jin created a flying musket; 1259, Shou Chunfu invented a musket with giant bamboo as barrel and fired a "Zizhen". On this basis, the metal tube-shaped shooting firearm was further developed and born.

At present, the earliest known ancient metal spears in China are Yuan Dynasty products, and the quantity is extremely limited, all of which are made of copper. One side is engraved with the inscription "February of the third year of Shunzhi, Jiri Suibian, No.300 Mashan of Koujun". This spear 1935 was found in Yunju Temple in Fangshan, Beijing, and is now in the Chinese History Museum. The spear in the third year of Yuan to Shun is the earliest metal spear gun found in the world. First, the strict system has promoted the improvement of gun quality.

After the baptism of blood and fire in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to the spear as a new weapon and regarded it as an artifact. In the early years of Hongwu, it was not allowed to be manufactured anywhere. It was cast by the Central Baoyuan Bureau and distributed to the guards. Baoyuan Bureau was originally a money casting institution, which also reflected the close relationship between the early bronze spear manufacturing and the traditional bronze smelting and casting technology. The China Military Museum has a bronze bowl spear from Hongwu for five years, which reads: "No.42 Zuo Weijin bowl of the Water Army weighs 26 Jin. It was made by Baoyuan Bureau in December of the fifth year of Hongwu. " . There were several bronze spears in Hongwu eight years ago, which were collected from all over the country. The newly discovered inscriptions were exactly the same, reflecting the strict spear-making system at that time.

With the expansion of regulations, the number of new health centers and institutions is increasing, and the demand for utensils is also increasing, which makes it more and more difficult to focus on manufacturing. About ten years after Hongwu, the Ming court decentralized the power to manufacture spears, and all guards (or governments) and institutes could directly manufacture them. 197 1 year, the bronze spear of Hongwu for ten years was unearthed in Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia, with the inscription "The building of Xingfu in Fengyang weighs three catties and eighty taels, and it was built by Cui Yu Hongwu, a military craftsman of Liu Jujiao, the town governor, in October". There are still many bronze spears in Hongwu 10 to 18 years old, all of which were made by Wei. There is no spear number in the inscription, but most of them are engraved with the names of supervisor, division (or division), military craftsman (or military craftsman and soldier) or both. Workers' names are used to test their sincerity. Second, the variety of spears and guns has been innovated.

The main varieties of spears and spears in the early Ming Dynasty were still hand spears and bowl spears, but new varieties have been developed. 1972, the bronze spear in the 18th year of Hongwu was unearthed in Kuancheng, Hebei. Its shape is similar to that of a hand spear, but its body is lengthened, its caliber is enlarged and its shape is heavy, so it needs to be installed on a shelf before it can be launched. This is an early bronze spear with a straight bore. Thirdly, the shape of the bowl shovel has been greatly improved.

The five-year bronze bowls of Hongwu collected by China Military Museum and the eleven-year bronze bowls of Hongwu unearthed in guanxian 1964 are similar in length and caliber to those of Yuan Zhishun, but their weight has more than doubled. This is because the wall of Hongwu bowl mouth is obviously thickened, which can bear greater bore pressure. In addition, the mouth of Hongwu bowl shovel is wider and the medicine room is more prominent. Fourth, spears tend to be large.

This is reflected in the development of straight-bore copper guns and bowl spears on the basis of pistol models, with thicker walls and increased weight. What's more, in 1988, two eight-year-old bronze bowls of Hongwu were unearthed in Li Yingzi Village, Penglai, Shandong Province. One is 6 1 long, 26 cm in diameter and weighs 73 kg. It says "the barrel weight of Laizhou Lexi No.7 gun1220kg". It is 63 in length, 26 cm in caliber and 73.5 kg in weight. The inscription has the same format and is named "weight 12 1 kg". This is the symbol of a large spear gun in the early Ming Dynasty, and the inscription of two spears is also the earliest example of China using "gun" to refer to heavy metal tubular shooting firearms in ancient times.