Ancient music or poetry about love.

Guan Ju Guan Ju Encyclopedia Content From: Guan Ju Guan Ju is from "The Book of Songs" (诗经?6?1国风?6?1周南), the first poem in the Book of Songs. It is about a "gentleman" who misses his favorite "lady" and hopes to marry her. It is the first poem in the Classic of Poetry to express the love between a man and a woman. It is the first poem in the Classic of Poetry, reflecting a young man's adoration and pursuit of a beautiful girl, writing about the pain of not being able to find what he seeks and the joy of imagining that he has found what he seeks. It is the ancestor of love poems in China. It not only reflects the delightful subject of love, but also has unique artistic characteristics. Guan Ju: The name of the poem is taken from the first line of the psalm. This is how the title of the Psalms of the Book of Songs is derived.

Outline Guan Ju Palace

"Guan Ju" from the "Shijing?6?1 State Winds?6?1 Zhounan", for the "Poetry" of the first. It is written by a "gentleman" who misses the "lady" he loves and hopes to marry her. It is the first poem in the Classic of Poetry to express the love between a man and a woman. It is the first poem in the Classic of Poetry, reflecting a young man's adoration and pursuit of a beautiful girl, writing about the pain of not being able to find what he seeks and the joy of imagining that he has found what he seeks. It is the ancestor of love poems in China. It not only reflects the delightful subject of love, but also has unique artistic characteristics. Guan Ju: The name of the poem is taken from the first line of the psalm. The title of the book of poems are generated in this way. The Book of Songs is the first collection of poetry in China, the Book of Songs "six meanings" refers to the wind, elegance, ode, fugue, than, Xing, the first three say is the content, the last three say is the technique. It is the earliest collection of poetry in China. It is a collection of 305 poems written during the 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. It was called "Poems" in pre-Qin, or the whole number of them was called "300 Poems". It was honored as a Confucian classic during the Western Han Dynasty and became known as the Classic of Poetry, which is still in use today.

The original poem Guan Ju

Shi Jing?6?1 Zhou Nan - Guan Ju?6?1 Pre-Qin

Guan Guan Ju (jū) turtledove (jiū), on the continent of the river.

My fair (yǎo) lady, a gentleman's good (hǎo) martyrdom.

The yellow floating heart (xìng) flows from side to side.

My fair lady, at any time of the day or night (wù) mèi.

If you can't find it, you'll never know what you're looking for.

Yuya (zāi) yuya, tossing (zhǎn) to and fro.

The yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltatum) is picked left and right.

My fair lady is a friend of the zither.

No matter how you look at it, you'll see it in your eyes.

My fair lady, the music of bells and drums (lè).

Notes Guan Ju.JPG

Guan Guan Ju (jū) Turtle Dove (jiū): The osprey bird keeps calling. Osprey, the name of a water bird, i.e. fish eagle. Legend has it that they are devoted to each other

Continental: land in the water

Myrtle: quiet and beautiful

Nymphoides peltatum: name of an edible water plant

Martyrdom: spouse

Wake up (wù): to sleep and wake up, and sleep: to sleep

Wakefulness: day and night

Service: to think of

The qin and the serpent are friends of the qin and the serpent: Playing the zither and drumming to express closeness

芼(mào): select

钟鼓乐之: to strike the bell and drum to make her merry

[1]: yin hat (帽), with the meaning of selecting

Xing is also. Guan Guan, male and female corresponding harmony also. Guan Ju, water birds, a Wang Ju, like eider heron, now between the Jianghuai have, born with a fixed occasional not chaotic, even often and swim and not apathetic, so the Mao Zhuan thought that the sincere and different, the women thought that the people have not seen its multiply live and Pi place, cover the nature of its nature also. River, the common name of the northern flowing water. Chau, a place to live in the water. Myrtle, the meaning of leisure. Shu, also good. The female, unmarried, refers to King Wen's consort, Da Si, when she was not yet a virgin. Gentleman, refers to King Wen. Good, also good. The first is that the first is the first to be married, and the second is the first to be married. Mao Chuan Yun: the word "sincere" and to the Tong, the words of their deepest feelings. -- Zhu Xi notes

Guan Guan, Mao Chuan: "and sound also:" Ju Ju, fish eagle: Niu Yun Zhen said: "only 'Guan Guan' two words, clearly Write two turtles to. After the first sound, there are feelings. If the 'River Island osprey, its song Guan Guan', meaning will be short."

Mao Zhuan: "Mysterious, leisurely. Shuk, good." Jiu Ge - Mountain Ghosts, "Zi Mu Yu Ruoxi Shan Myo", Wang Yi: "Myo, good appearance."

Junzi, Zhu Dongrun said: "According to the preface of the Mao poem, the work of the gentleman where six articles, the gentleman or think of the beauty of the great doctor, or think of the minister, the great doctor, the general name of the scholar, or think of the name of a great virtue, or think of the woman to call her husband's words." "On the Poetry, the word "gentleman" can be used to describe the sons of heaven and the vassals, and to describe the ministers, the great doctors, and the scholars." "Shengde's words, then for the derivation of the meaning, the name of the great doctor, since the wife to cite his husband's social status." Marty, Mao Chuan: "Pi also." According to the good Martyrs, it is also called Jia Couple.

Nymphoides peltatum, Mao Chuan said "catch the rest", there are many other synonyms, Li Shizhen cloud "commonly known as Nymphoides peltatum, the pool is called Nymphoides peltatum Gongshu, Huaibian people called the dimple dish, Jiangdong is called the Golden Lotus", and so on. Gentianaceae, perennial herbs, and roots even underwater, leaves floating on the water. Since ancient times for food. Lu Gui said: "its white stems to bitter wine (according to that is vinegar) soaked, fat can case wine." Lu Wenyu said: "Hebei Anxin near Baiyangdian area of the old sellers, said the yellow flowers children's vegetables, to the stem and petiole for a small bunch, when eating water to take the skin, vinegar and oil mixed, quite refreshing."

Liu, Mao Chuan: "Seek also." With the "er ya - interpretation" text. Zhu Xi said: "Follow the flow of water and take it."

Think, auxiliary word. Clothing, Mao Chuan: "think of it also." Zhuangzi - Tian Zifang "" I serve women are also very forgetful ", Guo Xiang note:" 'serve' is, think of the survival of the said also."

Zhu Xi said: "Yo, long also." According to the leisurely, thinking of the deep and long also.

Bust (mào), Mao Chuan: "choose also."

The bells and drums, gold music, is a ceremony with music. Wang Guowei said: "the music of the gold playing, the son of heaven and the vassals with bells and drums; doctor, drums only." According to this poem, "the bells and drums of music", is for the identity of the language. From the two weeks in the combination of musical instruments and ceremonial instruments in the tomb, the use of music of gold and stone, indeed a clear hierarchy, even if the so-called "rites and music" of the Eastern Zhou period is no exception. The tombs of Guo, Zheng, Sanjin and Zhou in the Central Plains have been excavated for more than two thousand, and the unearthed bells and chimes are limited to individual tombs with high burial specifications, accounting for about one percent of the total number of tombs. From the point of view of the requirements for the production of bronze musical bells, this is also inevitable - not "powerful people", really can not do. And all of this is consistent with the social climate reflected in the poem.

Translation

The osprey bird chirps incessantly at the sandbar in the river.

The quiet and beautiful girl,

is a good spouse for a man.

Fishing on the right and left side of the boat,

The water plants of different lengths.

A quiet and beautiful girl,

A man thinks of her day and night.

Thoughts of pursuing her are not to be found,

Waking up and dreaming of her.

It's hard to sleep when you're thinking about her,

and you're tossing and turning.

Water plants of different lengths,

Girls pick them up left and right.

The quiet and beautiful girl,

Playing the zither and drumming to show her closeness.

Water plants of different lengths,

The girl picks them from side to side.

The quiet and beautiful girl,

The ringing of bells and drums makes her happy.

Structure From ancient times, Guan Ju has been divided into two kinds of chapters. One is that every four lines is a chapter, and the whole poem **** five chapters. The other is divided into three chapters, the first chapter of four lines, the second and third chapters of eight lines each. From the textual point of view, I tend to favor the second way of division. The first chapter is a general statement, and the attitude is more objective; the second and third chapters are written from the hero's side, firstly, he said that when he did not get a lady, he missed her so much that he could not even sleep; and then he said that after he got a lady and married her, he would try every means to be in harmony with her, so as to make her feel joyful and comfortable. If the second chapter is close to realism, then the third chapter will be romantic, the lyrical protagonist is for the success of the love of the beautiful prospects and intoxicated.

Artistic Characteristics

This poem has a clear language and a gentle meaning, especially in the third chapter, where the hero really envisions the woman he is thinking of with great consideration and care. In the first chapter, the two lines of "My Fair Lady" are straight to the point, without even a small turn. But from the second chapter onwards, the details of the description increased, the young man due to "wake up thinking about serving", tossing and turning all night, sleep is not solid, this is indeed the true feelings. The more restless sleep, the more is the ups and downs of the heart; and people in love is always good to optimistic thinking, so he thought of the future wedding scene how lively, how harmonious feelings after marriage, how happy life. All this reverie, are from the "leisurely and leisurely, show side to side" in the insomnia of the illusion. Although it is subjective wishful thinking, it is not unattainable. Later playwrights on behalf of the playwrights to say, "I wish all lovers in the world to be married", but said too revealing; and the author of "Guan Ju" is rich and complete imagination to fill the immediate and irreplaceable lovesickness, which is really "happy but not obscene, sad but not hurt". Rarely does this belong to the typical Eastern style, our traditional concept of normal love, that is, he is looking forward to with the lady as a couple (with the "Marty" words can be proved), not just as a couple (which is different from the works in the "Zheng Feng"!), which certainly has the influence of the feudal rule.

This is certainly the imprint of the feudal ruling class, but it also reflects the traditional characteristics of the Han people.

"Xing" is a realist technique, which is good. This poem is about a river island, which is obviously a folk product, and the collection of yellow floating pelt (Nymphoides peltatum) is especially indicative of the life of the ancient working people (probably women). We are unfamiliar with picking yellow floating heart, but we can understand the life of picking lotus seed, lotus root and diamond. The first step is to take them downstream, then to pick them up, and then to cook them and bring them up. It means that even a small thing is not easy to do (it is the true spirit of labor), which symbolizes the mood and the trouble of a gentleman seeking a lady. When the rice is cooked, it is time for the "bells and drums to play," which is a very deep meaning! At the same time, this kind of work is a fact in front of us, not a virtual fantasy, one side of the real side and symbolize, so this is the right pattern of comparison, which is the strength of Chinese poetry. Consort is certainly the main virtue, but the consort where to dream of "picking yellow floating heart" fun, and may not be able to see the "osprey" of the two wings. However, the poetry into the music, "master" vision is good enough. It is a pity that the ancients did not know how to "learn from the people". (Xiaoru's note: This passage is taken from a lecture notes that survived after the robbery, which I wrote down as my own words, so it may be slightly different from the original text, so readers should be aware of this.)

The main expression of this poem is "Xing" (兴寄), which means, in Mao Chuan (毛传), "Xing" (興也). What is "Xing"? Kong Yingda's explanation is the most important, he said in his "Justice of Mao Poetry": "'Xing' is to rise. The poem is a quotation, and the words 'Xing' are all used to describe the meaning of the poem." The so-called "Xing", i.e., first from other scenery to cause the object of the song, as a support. This is a euphemistic and subtle expression. In this poem, the osprey's "sincerity and difference" is used to raise the idea that a lady should be matched with a gentleman; the flow of the yellow floating pelt (Nymphoides peltatum) is used to raise the idea that it is difficult to find a lady; and the yellow floating pelt (Nymphoides peltatum) is used to raise the idea that a lady should be matched with a man; and the lady is used to raise the idea that it is difficult to find a lady. The advantage of this technique is that it sends a deep message. The advantage of this technique is that it is far-reaching and can produce the effect that the text has been finished but the meaning is still there.

The poem also employs a number of double-sounding rhyming words to enhance the harmony of the poem's tone and the vividness of the characters depicted. For example, the word "fair" is a superimposed rhyme; the word "jagged" is a double tone; and the word "turn and turn" is both a double tone and a superimposed rhyme. The use of such words to modify the action, such as "tossing and turning"; to simulate the image, such as "fair lady"; to describe the scenery, such as "Nymphoides peltatum", are all lively and realistic, and the sound and feeling is exquisite. Liu Shipei "thesis miscellany" cloud: "the ancient times,...... ballads and proverbs of the sound, more natural by the heavenly music, so it can harmonize the rhythm, one by the sentence of each leaf rhyme, the second by the statement between the use of superimposed rhymes and double-sounding words." Although this poem is not a sentence of each leaf rhyme, but the use of double-sounding rhyming hyphenated words, but maintains the simple and natural style of ancient poetry.

In terms of rhyme, the poem adopts the rhyme of even lines. This kind of even rhyme has dominated the form of harmonic rhyme in Chinese classical poetry for more than two thousand years. In addition, the rhyme scheme is changed three times throughout the poem, and the word "之" in the foot of the word "虚字" does not rhyme with the previous word of the word "虚字", which is the first word of the word "虛字". This kind of variation in rhyme greatly enhances the rhythm and musical beauty of the poem.

The rhyming characters in each chapter of this poem.

Guan Guan Ju, on the river's continent. The fair lady, the gentleman's martyred son. (end of line rhymes: turtledove, continent, martyred)

Note: The last two lines are actually a sentence of judgment. However, later generations have taken them out of context and made the latter sentence stand on its own.

Nymphoides peltatum, flowing left and right. My fair lady is a woman who seeks to be a woman. (Rhymes in lines that rhyme with each other: flow, seek)

Flow: to take with the flow

Seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek, seek. leisurely, tossing and turning. (end of line rhymes: get, serve, side)

Serve: also want. Tossing and turning - both a double and a rhyming conjunction

The yellow floating heartflower is picked left and right. My fair lady is a friend of the qin and the serpent. (Rhymes in the middle of a line that rhymes with each other: 采,友)

参差-双声联绵词 友：亲爱.

Nymphoides, when you look at it, you will see it in the right or left direction. My fair lady, bells and drums. (Rhyme in alternate rhyming lines:芼、乐)

窕窈-叠韵联绵词 乐：使之乐.

With regard to Guan Ju, we should understand it both poetically and musically. In terms of poetic meaning, it is a "folk ballad", and the love between a man and a woman is written as a reflection of folklore. According to legend, the ancients had the custom of meeting men and women in the month of mid-spring. The Zhou Rites - Earth Officials - Matchmaker's" cloud: "Matchmaker's (i.e., matchmaker) in charge of the judgment of the ten thousand people (with). ...... in the spring (February) of the month, the order will be men and women, so the time is also, runners are not prohibited (not prohibited to run); if there is no reason not to use the order of the person, the penalty, the Department of men and women without a husband's family and will be." Guan Ju" may not be the historical facts, but this historical fact helps us to understand the ancient men and women meet, love each other and hope to marry the psychological state and customs. The object of literary works is social life, and the depiction of social customs and habits can more realistically reproduce social life, so that social life is blended into the picture of social customs and habits, thus giving a greater sense of reality. Guan Ju" depicts the ancient love between a man and a woman as a social custom. As far as the music is concerned, the whole poem is formed for the sake of music. Zheng Qiao, "Tongzhi - music - positive sound preface theory" cloud: "Where the law of its words, it is called poetry, the sound of its poetry, it is called song, poetry has not been not song." Zheng Qiao especially emphasized the importance of sound and rhythm. Where the ancient living angry poetry, often can be sung, and emphasize the harmony of the voice. The use of overlapping phrases in Guan Ju shows that it can be sung, and that it is poetry that lives in people's mouths. Of course, the Guan Ju combines the expression of poetic meaning with snappy tones, conveying poetic meaning with tones. Zheng Xuan's "Preface to the Poetry Records" said, "The Book of Yu says: 'Poetry speaks of the will, song of eternal speech, sound according to the eternal, the law and the sound.' However, the way of poetry, put in this?"

Appreciation Guan Guan, male and female corresponding harmony. Guan Ju, water birds, also known as Wang Ju, like eider heron, now between the Jianghuai have, the birth of a set of occasional not chaotic, even often and swim and not apathy, so the Mao Zhuan thought that the sincere and have different, the women's biographies thought that the people have not seen its ride live and match the place, cover its nature. River, the common name of the northern flowing water. Chau, a place to live in the water. Myrtle, the meaning of leisure. Shu, also good. The female, unmarried, refers to King Wen's consort, Da Si, when she was not yet a virgin. Gentleman, refers to King Wen. Good, also good. The first is that the first is the first to be married, and the second is the first to be married. Mao Chuan Yun: the word "sincere" and to the Tong, the words of their deepest feelings. --Zhu Xi notes

"Guan Ju" as a love poem, based on the waters. The men and women in the Book of Songs often meet at the water's edge to court, and Guan Ju is the first of its kind, with a typical selection of scenery.

The poem adopts the expression of "Xing", which starts with an object and then with an event. The poem starts with an object and then with a matter, which is the chirping of the fish eagle, which leads to the author's pursuit of the lady. Fish eagle fishing and male courtship appear one after another as similar events. The fishing of water birds is used to imply the union of the two sexes.

The Guan female recounts the hero's handling of Nymphoides and his pursuit of the lady, adopting a progressive climbing style of writing. The hero picks Nymphoides in the order of flowing, picking, and unsticking. To flow, that is to put, is to pile up the picked peltries to the left and right; to pick, that is to select, is to organize the piled up peltries; and to lift, that is to overlap and pile up the selected peltries to the left and right. The main character's handling of the yellow floating paillettes goes from disorder to order, step by step. Look at the hero's pursuit of the lady. First, he locks her as his most suitable spouse, and then he "seeks her at any time", and because he cannot find her, he "thinks of serving her in a barren sleep", so much so that he reaches the level of "tossing and turning". After pondering all night long, the man finally found a way to get closer to the lady, and finally succeeded. The "qin and serpent friendship" is a way to get a woman's attention and favor by playing the qin and serpent, and then get a chance to get close to her. "Zhongguo juezhi" (钟鼓乐之) means to welcome the woman of one's choice by ringing bells and beating drums. The "qin and serpent friendship" is to create a relaxing and pleasant atmosphere, and to get closer to each other in entertainment. The "bells and drums of music" is to hold a grand wedding to make the woman incredibly happy. In ancient times, weddings were held with songs and dances. "Xiao Ya - Che Jie" as a poem to welcome the bridegroom describes it like this, "Though there is no virtue with the woman, the style of songs and dances." The groom in the poem regarded song and dance as an important part of the wedding program to please each other.

The hero of Guan Shi called himself a "gentleman", and the poem was written by an aristocratic young man, in a fresh and elegant style, with obvious attributes of Zhou ritual civilization.