The manners and customs of Xibe nationality

Xibo people live in Hulunbeier grassland and Nenjiang River basin. /kloc-In the middle of the 8th century, they moved westward to Chabuchar, Xinjiang, and now they live in Xibo Autonomous County, Huocheng, Gong Liu and other counties in Chabuchar, Xinjiang, and are scattered in Shenyang, Kaiyuan, Yixian, Beizhen, Xinmin, Fengcheng, Fuyu, eastern Inner Mongolia and Nenjiang River Basin in Heilongjiang Province. Xinjiang Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, with a population of about 200,000, is the only Xibe Autonomous County in China, with an existing Xibe population of 20,000.

There are two main opinions about the origin of Xibe nationality: one is that Xibe nationality originated from Xianbei in ancient times, and Xianbei people living in the Shor River, Nenjiang River and Songhua River are the ancestors of Xibe nationality; Another view is that Xibo is a place name. In the Qing Dynasty, Shiweishan area in the south of Hailar was commonly called "Xibo", hence the name of people living in this area.

Xibe language belongs to Manchu branch of Manchu-Tungusic family of Altai language family. It is a language developed on the basis of Manchu, which is very close to common language. Xibo was slightly changed from Manchu in 1947. Xibo nationality in Xinjiang has maintained its own spoken and written language, and also uses Chinese, Uygur and Kazakh. Xibo nationality in the northeast is basically the same as the local Han nationality and Manchu nationality in language, food, clothing, housing and transportation.

Xibe people like to ride horses and shoot arrows. As soon as the boy is born, the family will hang a small bow and arrow at the door with a red line. When he is five or six years old, he will learn to ride horses and shoot arrows. Therefore, Xibo people enjoy the reputation of "archery nation". They can sing and dance well, and "Dhombre" is a unique plucked instrument of Xibe nationality.

In the early Xibe generation, hunting and fishing were the livelihood, while Chaerchar mainly managed agriculture by planting rice, and the animal husbandry was also relatively developed.

Xibo people used to believe in polytheism and some believed in Lamaism. Pay great attention to ancestor worship and grave sweeping.

Xibo people avoid eating dog meat and wearing dog skin products; Don't sit, step on or cross coats, quilts and pillows; Wearing old pants, shoes and socks should not be put high; Don't sit or step on the cooker, or sit or stand on the threshold; Don't whistle in the house, and don't knock on tables and plates with chopsticks. If there are red strips of cloth or sokcho hanging at the gate, it means that there are patients or parturients at home, and outsiders are not allowed to enter. When the younger generation meets their elders on the road, they should say hello and give way; When colleagues meet, they should greet each other. When guests visit, the daughter-in-law will come out to pack cigarettes and pour tea. If the person who fills the cigarette and pours tea is equal to the guest, the guest should stand up or reach out to pick it up. When the guests say goodbye, the whole family will come out to see them off at the gate.

Daily diet custom

Most Xibe people are used to eating three meals during a solar eclipse. The staple food is mainly rice and noodles. I used to eat more sorghum rice. Pasta is mainly based on bread, steamed noodles, leek zygote and jiaozi are also eaten. Influenced by Uighurs, they also eat pilaf and bake naan, and drink noodle tea, milk and milk tea. The source of meat mainly depends on family feeding, mainly cattle, sheep and pork. When eating meat, it is customary for everyone to carry a knife with him. After the meat is cooked, put it on a big plate, cut it with a knife, and then dip it in the seasoning mixed with salt and onion and garlic. I am used to making pig blood enema. I also like to eat boiled pig blood, mix it into paste, and make a dish with garlic or chopped green onion. Xibe people often hunt in their leisure time in winter. Wild boar, wild duck, hare and antelope are all common game on the table in winter. Xibo people are also used to cooking all kinds of pickles. Every year at the end of autumn, every household should use leeks, green peppers, celery, cabbage, carrots and so on. To cut into filaments to pickle pickles, it is called "Hart's mixed vegetables" locally, and sometimes it can be eaten all year round. Xibe people also like to make noodle sauce to flavor in summer. In the past, Xibo people had many rules to follow in their diet. For example, bread made of dough, which they often eat, is served from the sky and the ground together, with the sky facing up and the ground facing down, cut into four pieces and placed on the edge of the table. Don't sit on the threshold or stand while eating. It is forbidden to beat the dining table and rice bowl with chopsticks, or put chopsticks horizontally on the bowl. In the past, father and son and Weng's daughter-in-law were not allowed to sit at the same table.

Festivals, Etiquette and Dietary Customs

Many traditional folk festivals of Xibo nationality are mostly the same as those of Han nationality. Such as Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Dragon Boat Festival. Every year before the Lunar New Year's Eve, every household should kill pigs and sheep, and make all kinds of new year's dishes, rice cakes and fried fruits. On New Year's Eve, the whole family began to pack jiaozi together, and jiaozi cooked on the first day of the first month. Eat longevity noodles the next day. When making longevity noodles, first make broth, then put the noodles in another pot to cook, remove the water, and add broth when eating, which symbolizes sending the old and welcoming the new. Xibo people in Xinjiang regard April 18 of the lunar calendar as the westward migration festival, which is called "all sounds turn to Zhakun" in Xibo language. During the westward migration festival, every household will eat steamed fish and meat, and then have a picnic in groups of three or five. In the past, every household had to make batter (Mishun) and put it in a crock as a seasoning for dishes. When young Xibe men and women get married, the bride and groom must toast their relatives and friends who come to congratulate them to show their gratitude to the guests. Distant relatives and neighbors can cut some meat and take it home. The owner doesn't keep accounts or collect money.

Typical food Xibo people like to eat leek zygotes, pumpkin buns and other foods, as well as: flour cakes, the staple food that Xibo people often eat; Stewed fish, etc.