The Development of Traditional Architecture in China

1. Types of wood structures: stoplog, barrel-piercing and completely dry. 2. Material contract: The material contract of traditional buildings in China, especially if it is standardized in modern times, is the material specification of buildings. 3. Application of columns: The traditional architecture in China has long formed a model with columns as the main load-bearing components. 4. The implementation of the bucket arch: The bucket arch structure is a very important part of the wooden structure in China. Someone once put the wood of China building. "The arch of ancient wooden buildings in China is formally understood as a very important part, partly because its position is similar to that of western classical columns. 5. Frame of the house: 1). Beam (called Ba in Song Dynasty): Beam is an important structural component connecting columns and supporting roof trusses (directly supporting purlins) in wood-beam and wood-structure buildings. 6. Square: The commonly used squares are "Frontal Square" (called "Lanfang" in Song Dynasty), "Square Square" (called "Paving Square" in Song Dynasty), cornice square, Shangjin square, Xiajin square and ridge square. Let's focus on the forehead and the tablet.

A) Front part: It is a wooden member that connects and supports the upper end of the column. This kind of structure can be seen in the grotto buildings in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and can be called "Frontal Square". In fact, it is similar to the "flat Fang" to be discussed below, and it is located at the top of the column to support the bucket arch. (as shown in figure 1 1, Beiqi Grottoes in Tianlong Mountain, Taiyuan, Shanxi) After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it moved between columns and was called "Lan 'e" in the Song Dynasty. It is sometimes two pieces together, the upper piece is called Dafang House (the name of Qing Dynasty), the lower piece is called (the name of Qing Dynasty, the name of Song Dynasty), and a pad is used in the middle (the name of Song Dynasty is called Youfangban). The amount used in the inner column is also called "inner amount", and the wooden structure with similar column feet is called "building". B) Horizontal Fang: the wooden structure located above the railing to support the bucket arch. It was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. The lower three floors of Xuanzang Tower are all supported by the laity ... It can be seen that the co-shooting party was widely used in the early Tang Dynasty, and the application was quite free. "(Liang Sicheng's Architectural History of China, p. 86) Later generations have been constantly evolving in the size of diaphragm and common rackets. "Pu Paifang was seen in the early Tang Dynasty, but it was still not used at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. For example, in the early Zuan, the Pu Paifang was flat and wide in the early days, such as the Bhagavan Sect, which made a" T "shape on the cross section with the diaphragm, and then gradually thickened, such as the Sanmiao and Shanmen of Datong Shanhua Temple. The racket common in Ming and Qing Dynasties was actually narrower than the forehead. 7. ceiling: flat chess (chess), flat dark (dark), caisson. 8. doors and windows