After the 19th century scholarly works are all the use of footnotes way

After the 19th century, not all scholarly works were footnoted; after the 19th century, not only Western journals were published in China, but also Chinese journals, and Western journals generally used the footnote tradition in accordance with the conventions of the European and American academies at that time, but not every paper did. However, the footnote tradition in modern historiography was not accepted by the Chinese historians right from the beginning with the emergence of the new historiography. Although a series of historiographic journals appeared in China in the 1920s, there was no unified format for writing and publishing papers, and various journals acted on their own in terms of academic norms.