How is the growth process of rice?

(a) seedling stage 1. Seedling looks appropriate seedling age, leaf age neat, seedling robust, leaf show, developed root system, transplanted resistance to plant injury strong. 2. diagnostic indicators (1) sufficient seedling: transplanted per mu of seedling field leaf area coefficient of about 3.0 a 3.5; large seedling per mu of the total number of seedlings for the 1.1 1.2 million, in the seedling 1.5.2 million, seedlings 2.5.3 million, single-season hybrid rice per mu of the total number of seedlings of 50 million 750,000 or so; leaf age neat and consistent, in the leaf age of 6.1 a 7.0, large seedlings per mu total number of seedlings of 250 million 300,000 (1) The total number of seedlings per mu of single-season hybrid rice is about 500,000-750,000; leaf age is neat and consistent, the age of the middle seedling leaf 6.1-7.0, the age of the large seedling leaf 8.1-9.0, the age of the small seedling leaf 4.1-5.0 soil-less seedling leaf age 3.0. (2) Strong rooting power, developed single-plant root system, white root, planted in 2-4 days after the return to green and live, living standards for the morning to see the heart of the leaf tip of the spitting water shall prevail. (3) strong resistance to plant injury, medium seedlings leaf color green, leaf curvature is not draped, carbon and nitrogen ratio of 10 to 13, called robust seedlings; large seedlings when the color green, leaf blade hard straight, carbon and nitrogen ratio of 15 or more, called the old strong seedling, seedling leaf color green, leaf blade slightly curved, called young strong seedling. (4) Seedling base thick, its thickness of 0.5 a 0.7 cm; with tiller rate of large seedlings more than 95%, about 50% of the seedlings, seedlings 30% up and down. 3. because the seedling management illustration (1) selection of seed seed should be sufficiently ripe, pure, large, full, high germination rate, germination potential. (2) soak the seeds to meet the temperature, water and air needed for seed germination, to promote seed germination fast and neat, roots and buds thick and strong, in order to facilitate the rapid rooting after sowing, breeding into Qi Zhuang seedlings. (3) the right time to sow seedlings in the open field seedlings sown too early, easy to meet the low-temperature hazard, slow growth, the occurrence of rotten seedlings dead seedlings. (4) appropriate amount of sowing too dense sowing, poor rooting, insufficient light, seedlings thin yellow thin; sowing appropriate, strong seedlings. (5) moist rooting after sowing flat ditch water, keep the seedling plate moist, fast rooting, early seedling, root buds grow strong, high rate of rice seedlings, deep water after sowing, only long buds rooting, easy to cause inverted buds, floating seedlings; such as low temperatures, but also cause rotting seedlings, dead seedlings. To drain drop dry. (6) early weaning fertilizer three-leaf period of seedlings, endosperm nutrients have been all depleted, it grows by its own root system to absorb water and nutrients, manufacturing organic matter, independent living. Fertilizer should be early, usually in one leaf and one heart when the start. (7) to prevent the dead seedlings seedlings three leaves period, the weakest resistance, in the case of 5 a 7 ℃ low temperature, indica rice will be cold damage, insulation seedling or dry seedling, seedlings 2 a 3 leaves, due to the invasion of the disease, in the case of low-temperature rainy sunny days to high temperatures, there are often green or yellow withered dead seedlings. (B) Tiller stage 1. 3-5 days after transplanting, leaf color light green gradually turn green, 7-10 days to start tillering. The leaf blades are not draped, and the plant shape is loose and short. 2. Diagnostic indicators (1) Tiller: 7 days after planting the tiller (i.e., n leaves transplanted, n + 2 leaves pointed when the same extension points), at the end of the effective tillering period (i.e., the age of leaves is equal to the total age of leaves minus the number of aboveground pulling the number of nodes) the total number of tillers to reach the number of spikes per acre (generally should be more than about one percent of the spike, should not be less than the number of spikes appropriate); tiller to reach the peak, the number of total tillers per acre seedlings. When tillering reaches its peak, the total number of tillers per mu should be one and a half times or more than 1/3 of the suitable number of spikes per mu. (2) Leaf area coefficient: 2.0 at the beginning of tillering, 3.3.5 at the peak of tillering, and 3.5-4.0 at the peak of tillering. (3) Leaf color: the leaf color turns from light green to greenish green after greening, the leaf color of the functional leaves (the top 3 leaves) is darker than the color of the leaf sheaths, and the top 4 leaves are deeper than the top 3 leaves, the leaves are lenticular, and the length of the leaves and the distance between the leaves and auricles are gradually increasing, and the tillers are forked at a larger angle, with a loosely packed shape, and the period of ineffective tillers is straight from the end of tillering to the end of tillering, the leaf color is greenish green to light green. The leaf color is green to light green, the top 4 leaves and the top 3 leaves are close to or slightly lighter than the sheath color, the leaf blades are gradually erect, and the number of green leaves on the main stem is 5 or more than 5 for varieties with a short fertility period, and 6 or more than 6 for varieties with a long fertility period. (4) Roots: well developed root system, white roots with root hairs, orange-yellow root base, no black roots.5. Diagrams due to seedling management (1) Strong seedlings at the tillering stage (2) The effect of different planting methods of shallow-plugged and deep-plugged seedlings on the greening of the live plants (3) Weak seedlings at the tillering stage (3) Long spikes stage.1. Fruitful looks 4 or 5 green leaves, leaf blades are green and green, the leaves are straight and not lopped, internodes are thick, short and flexible, and the bases are refreshing.2. Diagnostic indexes (1) Tillering (1) Tillering: When young spikes are differentiating, the total number of tillers per mu is stable at about 1.5 times the number of suitable spikes; at the stage of pregnancy, the total number of tillers per mu is slightly larger than the number of suitable spikes. (2) Leaf area coefficient: about 4 at the stage of young spike differentiation, about 6 at the time of inverted two leaves, and 7 at the stage of pregnant spike (short culm, leafy; the climate is sunny and humidity can be larger, and vice versa is smaller). (3) Leaf color: light green before and after nodulation, the whole field looks light green from afar, greenish green near the field, greenish green at the tassel stage (meiosis), slightly faded at the time of tasseling; the number of green leaves is 4 or more in early rice, 5 in middle and late rice, and the length of inverted 3, inverted 2, and saber leaf blades is gradually decreasing from long to short, and is thick and straight. (4) Roots: root apex white, more branches, strong elasticity, no black root or very little, surface root (floating root) system is developed, while the root system to the longitudinal and deep extension. 3. due to the seedling management illustration (1) strong seedling at the time of pulling stage (4) the stage of fruiting 1. yielding looks spike neat and consistent, green leaf number of leaves, leaf senescence is slow, culm green and seed yellow, grain less empty grain. 2. diagnostic indexes (1) Leaf Area Coefficient (LACOE): spike to the grouting period of the LACOE is about 3-1.5. (1) Leaf area coefficient: Leaf area coefficient from spiking to filling period is about 3.3.5. (2) leaf color and number of green leaves: slightly green after tasseling, but lighter than the leaf color of the pregnant spike period, slow fading of leaf color, the number of green leaves per mu of spike tiller, early rice 4, middle and late rice 4-5; 15-20 days after tasseling in the maturity period, early rice 3 or more, in the late rice 4 or more; maturity of the early rice has a 1.5 green leaves, in the late rice has 2.5 green leaves. (3) Roots: the root ends are white, black roots and rotten roots are rare, and there are still a few branched roots growing until the stage of wax maturity. (4) Grain husk more than 90-95% (90% in early rice, more than 95% in middle and late rice) is yellow, that is, the maturity standard. 3.Seedling management illustration (1) spiking and flowering and floral structure of spiking and flowering, should be shallow and diligent irrigation, skillful application of fertilizers, prevention of diseases and pests. Adjust the sowing period, so that the latter season of rice control in the average daily temperature of 22 ℃ or more before the spike; at this time, if the lack of fertilizer, drought, or temperature is too low or too high, it will cause difficulties in spiking, pollination, infertility rate increases, and the rate of empty grain increases. (2) normal maturity of the plant rice before and during proper management, late fertilization is appropriate, spike neat, fast grouting, high fruitfulness, maturity, intermittent irrigation, feed the roots and preserve the leaves, culm green and yellow, increase grain weight, improve yield. (3) Early senescence and branch and stalk degradation plant lack of fertilizer or high temperature and drought caused by early senescence, glume degradation is serious, spike size becomes small or short grouting time, grouting material is insufficient, green husk grain increase, grain weight is reduced, and yield is reduced. (4) collapse due to improper spike fertilizer application, the base of the internode is too long or long irrigation deep water does not drain, as well as small balls of mycobacteriosis, such as pre-grouting can also be caused by stem collapse; or soil rot, long-term waterlogging does not drain, baked field is not appropriate, the root system is poorly developed, the late grouting easy to be root collapse. Correct application of spike fertilizer, control of internodes and upper leaf prolongation, strong stalks and anti-inversion; timely baking, dry and wet, promote the root, strong stalks and large spikes.