Book_Are Lianshan and Guizang lost?

"Lianshan" and "Guizang" are the canonical books of China's ancient culture, however, historically, people believe that they are the predecessor of "Zhouyi", and this understanding is written into the elementary school students' enlightenment within the "Three Character Classic": "There is Lianshan, there is Guizang. There is Zhouyi, and the three yi are detailed." Through corroboration, individuals have come to surprising conclusions. From the origin and progression of writing, and from the progression of ideologies unique to China, it can only be shown that they are not connected to the Zhouyi or to the Yi in any way. There is a connection: the text of the Laozi was written on the basis of the Guizang; the Guizang was completed in the tone of the Lianshan. The Lianshan, the Guizang and the Laozi were the three texts that regulated the supreme ruler before the end of the Western Week. You have to start with the Zhouyi to figure this out.

"Zhouyi," as its name implies, is the abbreviation for "Yi" of the Zhou Dynasty. However, before and after the Zhou Dynasty has a history of more than 800 years, from 1046 BC to 221 BC (temporarily according to the "Xia, Shang and Zhou broken project" preliminary determination). In the course of these 800 years of history, China's culture has made significant changes and "progress". It can be roughly divided into two phases: the Eastern and Western Zhou. Western Zhou period (1046 BC - AD 770), this period in addition to the use of the Shang dynasty left behind the oracle bone characters, and also has its own era of development, as clearly shown, of course, only the bronze vessels on the gold text.

From the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in the gold text, the Zhou Yi's "Yi" character is still only the intention of the Shang Dynasty, as the "give" character frequently appear in the gold text.

All the hexagrams of Zhou Yi, except for the words "Li" and "Dui", which are still available in the gold text, the rest: Qian, Kun, Kan, Zhen, Xun and Burgundy are not available;

The concept of yin and yang, which is the basis of Zhou Yi, is also not available in the gold text of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Western Zhou Jinwen also can not be found, in addition to the use of "yin and yang valley" only two see the name of the place. There is no such thing as the concept of yin and yang.

At present, what we can see is that a lot of people are influenced by secular legends, and there are a lot of famous scholars to join the ranks of this, advocating, what "Fuxi a painting to open up the sky", "look up", "down to see", "discernment of yin and yang" and make gossip in Gua Tai Shan, these ridiculous statements and historical facts are getting farther and farther away. When we look back at our own history, we have to note that the Shang dynasty "chaste people" problem.

The emergence of the Chaste People has been greatly misunderstood in history. From the oracle bone inscriptions, the word "ching" is extremely similar to the word "ding", and linked to unearthed artifacts (such as the center part of the pattern in the jade plate in the middle of the jade tortoise in Lingjiatan, Anhui Province), the "food utensil" was a means of survival for people. "is a necessary utensil for people's life and survival, and marks the progress of the nation. So in our ancestors consciously recognize this problem, the management of "food" of the state officials position, as "chaste people" is inevitable. So in the Shang dynasty this worship ancestors period, "chaste people" in the "court", "imperial" is a very natural phenomenon. When the oracle bones began to form in the middle of the Shang dynasty, the first to bear the brunt of the management of the "food utensils" of this group of people, can act as the first "practice" or "implementer". Thus, they also naturally became "cultural people", which is also inevitable with the formation of the "chaste people group" at the end of the early Shang Dynasty. Therefore, from the beginning of the formation of the "chaste people" until the end of the Shang Dynasty by the king's crackdown (pressure scattered, exiled spirit) and the so-called "divination" "to determine the doubt" are not related. With the passage of time, the descendants of the "Jungans" (there were about 17 generations in the period of about 500 years, counting from the time of Shang Wuyi's crackdown on the Jungans) developed, and by the time of the Spring and Autumn Period, they had spread to all areas of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Except for a few of them who were still officials and eunuchs, the vast majority of them had been reduced to: diners, disciples, errand boys, sorcerers, medicine men, feng shui, and so on. In short, they were a special class, harboring unlimited creativity, but at the same time possessing a great deal of social repercussions. In this special class, especially by the late Western Zhou ideology, the early Spring and Autumn period formed the bud of "yin and yang, five elements, Yi, name, Taoism, Confucianism, miscellaneous, law, sophistry," etc. among them. So in the middle of the Spring and Autumn period there is the prototype of the Yi science, until the Warring States period is still a gradual stage (bamboo easy, silk book Yi can be proved). It was then not yet recognized as the look of the I Ching, much less the shadow of the look of the modern I Ching. Therefore, the origin of the I Ching is not as early as the early Spring and Autumn period, and it is only natural to say that it is Zhou Yi, because it is, after all, the Yi of the Eastern Zhou.

Supporting the Zhou Yi, there is also the question of the "trigrams" and "taijitu". Seal is the symbol of the eight trigrams, its long cross for Yang, two short cross for the emergence of Yin is in the "Han Palm Yee" after the present only 2,000 years or less than 2,000 years of history. The appearance of the "Taijitu" is even later, although it is said to be made by Chen Tuan, but there is no physical evidence, because the "Taijitu" of Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073), who succeeded him, was not the first one in the world to make the "Taijitu". The "Taijitu" of Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073), who followed him, is not the real "Taijitu" of the later period. Later, "Taijitu" appeared only in the Ming Dynasty, who made it is unknown, less than 700 years from the present at best. Regrettably, many of us, our old ancestor Fu Xi myths do not know how to be good, in his hands into the gossip and Tai Chi charts, thinking that this is in the face of the ancestors of the gold, but in fact, this is in the face of our own ancestors and the stupidity of the practice of black.

Moreover, the understanding of Zhou Yi also involves a "divination" problem. What is divination, we must first clarify what is "divination" and what is "divination". When it comes to "divination" and "divination", we must look at the culture of 8,000 years ago, when "symbols" already appeared. "Symbols are also the "record" of people's cognition of the objective world. The emergence of symbols, that our ancestors, already have a knowledge of the objective world, "language" like record, is through the carving, painting, writing, recording, recording, drilling, chiseling, burning of the activities left behind by the man-made imprints, leaving such imprints of people, called "divination" people. The people who leave such marks are called "diviners". However, it is not enough to have "divining" people, the appearance of symbols, but also to be restored to the language of the time, in order to make the existence of symbols have meaning, and act as "interpretation", "restore" the symbols into the language of the time. The person who "interprets" and "restores" the symbols into the language of the time is called the "Cham" person. Thus, the emergence and existence of "divination" and "divination" continued until 3,300 years ago, which is about 4,600 to 7,000 years of long history. From the middle of the Shang Dynasty (?) onwards, oracle bone inscriptions appeared. From the middle of the Shang Dynasty (?), the appearance of oracle bone inscriptions, "divination" is still recorded, engraved, painted, written, recorded, drilled, chiseled man-made behavioral activities; and "accounted for" has risen to the scope of the cognitive activities such as reading, watching, reading, listening, and smelling; burned seal rose to the receipt of the acceptance, the receipt, and so on, has been my proof. The seal of burning rises to the level of acceptance, receipt, and proof that I have taken place, just like the efficacy of seals nowadays. Therefore, the oracle bone inscriptions of "divination" and "占" (this character is not found in the oracle bones, but in the current "占", there is a big mouth character surrounded by the word "占", and it is read as 占). The meaning of the above. Regrettably, the Confucian scholars of the late Qing Dynasty (Sun Yijiang, Wang Guowei, Luo Zhenyu) misinterpreted the oracle bone inscriptions discovered by Wang Yirong, and have been misled to this day. Sun, Wang, Luo, Guo and other four halls of error, only to start in the Spring and Autumn "divination" mistakenly think that we already have a big mistake. (The oracle bone script was a unique script from the Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, and after the rise of bamboo slips during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which replaced the oracle bone script, nothing was known about the oracle bone script later on. Obviously, this includes from Confucius down through the generations of literati, until the end of the Qing Dynasty Wang Yirong's accidental discovery, only began to recognize this "new" thing. However, the descendants of the "Zhenren" from the end of the Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty were apparently scattered in various fields, but only one of them developed and changed the meaning of "divination" and "occupation" from the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, replacing it with "divination" and "occupation". They replaced it with the prototype of "divination", which became popular in the world, and then developed into the "divination" culture affecting China. This is a unique phenomenon of the Spring and Autumn period that has been forgotten.)

While many of us have cited "divination" in the text of "Shangshu - Dayu Mu" as the earliest evidence, we are not aware that "Dayu Mu" was written in the Western Jin Dynasty by Yongjia Yongshi, who was the first Chinese scholar to write a book on the subject. The "Da Yu Mu" is a "pseudo-book" that emerged after the Yongjia Rebellion of the Western Jin Dynasty, less than 1,700 years away from the present, how can it be used as evidence; that is, if it is the present "Shangshu", it is only since the Han Dynasty that it has been continuously collated and introduced, and it cannot be used as evidence; not to mention that the engraved and printed copies that can be seen at present may only be the works of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty.

Of course, to support the emergence of the "Yi" should also have, yin and yang point of view or five elements of understanding. But these, in the history of our country, can find empirical evidence are earlier than the Spring and Autumn period. Because the oracle bone inscriptions and the gold inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there is no trace of them for these.

Because people do not have a solid understanding of the "Yi", not really enter the door of the "Yi", it should appear in a what kind of environment, there is no objective factual basis. Thus, the presumptuous and infinitely distant ramblings. This will not only not make the real value of the "Yi" recognized by the people, unconsciously, to give it a mysterious cloak, resulting in it has become a play in the palm of the hands of the "tool". This is not to give their ancestors face to brighten up, but in the face of the ancestors black.

Far away in about 5000 years ago in Shandong Dawenkou unearthed ivory comb engraved on a set of patterns, some people on the preconceived notion that is called the "sun gossip". What is this doing? This is archaeology? 5000 years ago the ancestors, from where the "gossip" concept, from where the "trigrams" concept. Now gossip trigrams long and short horizontal concept, but also just "Han Paleo Yi" after the matter, only two thousand years from now, which is in the middle of three thousand years in what. True, the ivory comb in the middle of the seven so-called "dry trigrams" and the four so-called "Kun Gua" composed of a "S" shaped pattern, respectively, in the middle of the two back to the shape of the "T" mark. However, please note that this is the pattern engraved on the "comb". What is the comb for? The comb is for organizing and combing the hair. 5,000 years ago, the ancestors organized and combed their own hair, which was a great thing to do. At that time, the ancestors, regardless of men and women, had a headache for the hair dragging behind their heads or flowing in front of their chests. It was difficult to tie and bind hair with tree bark, grass stems, and animal skins. It is not conducive to productive practices, it is not conducive to competition for survival, and it interferes with people's various activities while it can shake the intended purpose. When things could have been successful, but because of the interference of one's own hair and being used by other things ("hanging", "tripping", being seized and pulled by wild beasts or enemies and other unfavorable situations), the lesser can not achieve their own purposes, and the more serious lose their lives! The most important thing is to lose one's life. Therefore, combing and organizing one's hair is almost a matter of life and death. It is much more convenient when it is found that it is much tighter to braid the hair by dividing it into three strands, while it is only necessary to tie a small cord at the slightest point of the braid. The braid was then coiled up in an "S" shape and pinned in the two centers of the coils, which made it even more secure. This is an amazing feat, so widely spread among our people, and the pattern engraved on the comb, is not immediately obvious! Obviously, the ivory comb of the Dawenkou is the record of our ancestors at that time, it is the historical footprints of people's struggle for survival and production practice five thousand years ago. It inspires people in practice, must regulate themselves, strict requirements for themselves, according to certain procedures to restrain themselves. Only in this way can they practice further. So this is exactly the predecessor of the later development of the king's "self-restraint", strict "self-restraint", strict self-restraint, and regulation of one's own behavior. Can the character nurtured by such a spirit not be noble? This is a national spirit that the Western world cannot understand!

About 4,600 years ago in Lingjiatan, Anhui Province, there was a pattern on the jade plate in the center of the unearthed jade turtle. Some people say that this is our ancestors "divination" to determine the evidence of doubt, which is strange, I really do not know what these people in the heart of what they want to do?

In my humble opinion, this pattern is too good, too great, it is simply the sister of the Dawenkou ivory comb, it is a true reflection of the footprints of our forefathers, this is the forefathers recognized the value of the "tortoise" of the profound meaning. From the center part of the figure, this is the later oracle bone in the word "ching" and "tripod" of the description of the word, that is, the oracle bone in the two "ching" or two " Ding" cross perpendicular to the actual record, that is, the ancestors of the "food vessel" reproduction; leave the center of the "food vessel" after the small circle, is divided into eight sides of the eight tortoises; eight tortoises outside of the large circle in the four tortoises to the four sides of the four tortoises.

This jade plate with a pattern is one of the middle parts of the jade turtle, which is divided into the back of the turtle, turtle belly and the middle of the jade plate. This jade turtle was unearthed in front of the chest of the tomb owner. Obviously, this means that it is the big thing that the owner of the tomb remembered in his heart, which is the pattern of the jade plate in the middle of the jade tortoise.

What kind of event is this? This first have to recognize the "turtle":

Turtle, obedient, do not open their mouths to bite, do not hurt people, listen to the will of the people and converted;

Turtle, can fill the people's belly, the turtle's diet is extremely simple;

Turtle, patience, perseverance, do not want to any reward, when the people catch the turtle, as long as to put it to climb out place, it will be honest, but also to the people's heart.

Turtle, long life, Tai Ruo, no competition with the world;

Turtle, can be strong people's body, healthy people's body.

Obviously, among the above, it is the only one that does not want any reward, and bends its head to wait for the people's order, which is the most valuable, and this is exactly the spirit that all kings should emulate. At the same time, this is also the early spirit of "food for the people". The reason why the center of the design is "food vessel" is precisely this meaning. Only with the "food vessel" as the center of the symbol can the people of the four directions (including the eight directions) be guaranteed to live and survive, and have peace and security forever. Do not understand this pattern, we can not understand the later appeared in the Western Zhou Jinwen within the "Fu have the four directions", "always protect the four directions", "by the four directions" and so on the true spirit. The purpose of this spirit, but the specific implementation of the "people get". Great are our forefathers. At that time, the West was in the midst of the pyramid culture, and their culture was a masterpiece of kingship, power, strength, and violence. (We are 4,600 years from now until the Zhou Dynasty, has never found a decent kingship, royalty, power of the palace construction or decent tomb, so that many people insulted us that there is no kingship symbols of the construction of the state did not enter the state, there is no form of the state has not entered the age of civilization. (I really don't know what kind of logic this is.) That is to say the difference between Chinese and Western culture has already begun.

On the question of "Lian Shan" and "Gui Zang" ...... (Slightly. This idea has been seen in "Laozi's View of Nature and Modern Civilization" and "My Opinion of Laozi's Person and His Book").

In summary, there is no connection between the Zhouyi and the Lianshan and the Guizang; there is a connection: the text of the Laozi was written on the basis of the Guizang; and the Guizang was completed under the tone of the Lianshan. The Lianshan, the Guizang, and the Laozi were the three texts that regulated the rule of the supreme ruler up to the end of the Western Weekend. Unfortunately and regrettably, people have almost forgotten what is left of them, ignoring our own history and letting people play around with clever arguments, isn't it sad!

That's all for today, thank you.

Chen Guangzhu

(This script was also spoken at the May 21st Forum on the Revival of Chinese Traditional Culture)