What are the main problems in garbage sorting and recycling in China? How should I work hard?

The main problems of garbage sorting and recycling in China are as follows.

First, the classification of garbage collection facilities is too simple, which brings inconvenience to people to classify and throw garbage. Nowadays, trash cans can be seen everywhere on the street, which are mostly divided into recyclable and non-recyclable categories; Others are divided into three categories: recyclables, hazardous wastes and other rubbish. No matter what kind of classification, except the pattern is basically implemented according to the national standard, the color is generally problematic. Nowadays, with the intensification of urbanization, the composition of garbage tends to be complex, and the types of recyclable garbage tend to be complex. Generally speaking, the recyclables in urban garbage mainly include: waste paper, glass, plastic, metal, fabric and so on. If the classification is too simple and there is only one recyclable sign on the trash can, it will be difficult to guide people to completely distinguish the recyclable types of garbage, which will bring trouble to people's garbage classification.

Secondly, the residents' lack of knowledge about garbage classification is also one of the important factors that restrict garbage classification and recycling. Garbage classification needs the cooperation of two factors. On the one hand, it needs to improve the detailed garbage recycling facilities; on the other hand, it needs residents to have comprehensive classification knowledge, so as to achieve one-to-one correspondence and truly realize complete garbage classification and recycling. Many people only know some simple recyclable garbage, such as cans and mineral water bottles. But there are still many kinds of garbage that they don't know, which will lead to conscious or unconscious littering and make the classification useless. As a result, garbage is not really classified. According to the survey data, 76.28% of the garbage can't be classified because this kind of garbage sorting box is not found, which shows that residents' understanding of garbage sorting is quite incomplete, which is the main factor affecting the poor garbage sorting effect.

Third, the policies and regulations of domestic waste classification are not perfect, which leads to the behavior of garbage classification is not binding. The binding force of policies and regulations is linked to residents' personal consciousness. If a reasonable garbage classification system is written into national policies, laws and regulations, it will make the garbage classification system have a strong binding force and enhance personal classification awareness. The poor awareness of classified delivery among domestic residents is not only a moral problem, but also a system problem such as laws and regulations. At present, the state has promulgated the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, the Regulations on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation and other laws and regulations, but most of the laws and regulations concerning the management of domestic garbage focus on the aspects of garbage cleaning, collection, transportation, disposal and related management, and rarely involve the classified recovery of garbage. The state has also promulgated the Technical Policy of Urban Domestic Waste Treatment and Pollution Prevention and Control and the Technical Guide of Domestic Waste Treatment, both of which are used to provide technical guidance for the work of local municipal and environmental protection departments at all levels from the perspective of garbage disposal methods, but they have not risen to the level of laws and regulations, so they cannot be legally bound by garbage classification. It can be seen that the domestic legislation on classified collection of domestic garbage is not perfect, and there is no relevant legal provision clearly stipulating the specific responsibilities and obligations of citizens. Therefore, residents' throwing garbage will lack binding force, and it is impossible to guarantee the complete classification and recycling of garbage only by personal consciousness and moral level.

Fourthly, garbage recycling has not been fully industrialized, which can not promote the development of the whole garbage sorting and recycling. From garbage delivery to garbage transportation classification, and then to garbage resource output, only by forming an industrial chain can the degree of garbage classification and recycling be greatly improved. Garbage disposal cannot always be regarded as a public welfare undertaking. Only by separating government from enterprises and forming an industrial chain can garbage disposal get long-term development. At present, only the urban sanitation department is managing the garbage, and they are mainly responsible for transporting the garbage in the community to the garbage disposal station. In this process, the recycling of garbage is not paid attention to, and the recycling degree of garbage is not high. In addition, in some small and medium-sized cities, there are still many people who make a living by picking up garbage or buying waste products, which promotes the recycling of garbage to some extent. But these are just scattered in every corner, without forming a system, and their contribution ability is limited.

Fifth, the management system can not meet the current requirements of garbage classification and recycling. China's current municipal solid waste management system was gradually formed in the 1980s, and garbage sorting and recycling is the responsibility of the agency led by the sanitation department under the leadership of the government. This system lacks the participation of the masses, and it is difficult to achieve a wide range of unified actions, which also restricts the marketization and industrialization of the garbage industry.