I'm going to do a handout on materials and chemistry. Give some materials! Urgent ~~ Note that the material

The development of industrialization has provided mankind with a lot of new materials, they continue to improve the material life of mankind at the same time, but also bring a large number of living waste, so that the human living environment is rapidly deteriorating. In order not to lower the standard of living of human beings, but also do not damage the environment, we must develop and adopt the environmentally non-toxic, harmless and recyclable new materials. Carbon is a very common non-metallic element, which is widely present in the atmosphere and the earth's crust in many forms. Carbon monomers have long been recognized and utilized, and a series of compounds of carbon - organic matter - are fundamental to life. Carbon is a component of pig iron, mature iron and steel. Carbon is capable of chemically combining itself to form a large number of compounds and is an important molecule biologically and commercially. Most molecules in living organisms contain carbon. Amorphous carbon includes coke and charcoal, and crystalline carbon includes diamond and graphite. Coke is needed for iron smelting and steel making. Carbon and its compounds have a wide range of uses in industry and medicine. Diamond is one of the strongest carbon structures, with a melting point of more than 3,500°C, equivalent to the surface temperature of some stars. It can be used to make decorations, cut metal materials, etc.

Graphite is a dark gray with a metallic luster and opaque fine scale-like solid. The texture is soft and slippery, with excellent electrical conductivity. Can be used to make pencils, electrodes, trolley cables, etc. Crystalline silicon is gray-black, amorphous silicon is black, crystalline silicon belongs to the atomic crystal, hard and metallic luster, semiconductor properties. Silicon's chemical properties are more active, at high temperatures can be combined with oxygen and other elements, insoluble in water, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, soluble in hydrofluoric acid and lye, used in the manufacture of alloys such as ferrosilicon, silicon steel, etc., monocrystalline silicon is an important semiconductor material, used in the manufacture of high-power transistors, rectifiers, solar cells and so on. Silicon is extremely widely distributed in nature, containing about 27.6% in the earth's crust, second only to oxygen, ranking second. Crystalline silicon is dark black and blue, very brittle, is a typical semiconductor. It is chemically very stable. At room temperature, it is difficult to react with other substances except hydrogen fluoride. Used in the manufacture of high-silicon cast iron, silicon steel and other alloys, silicone compounds and silicon tetrachloride, etc., is an important semiconductor material, doped with a trace of impurities to get a single crystal of silicon can be used to manufacture high-power transistors, rectifiers and solar cells. Feldspar, mica, clay, olivine, hornblende, etc. are silicates; crystal, agate, jasper, opal, quartz, sand and flint, etc. are silica. Silicon, however, unlike oxygen and carbon, exists in nature in no monomorphic state. This predisposes it to be discovered later than carbon and oxygen. A number of metallic materials also play a major role in our lives, of which iron can be considered the most useful, inexpensive, abundant and important metal. Iron is the main element in carbon steel and cast iron.

For the human body, iron is an indispensable trace element. The hemoglobin in human blood is the iron complex, which has the function of fixing oxygen and transporting oxygen. Iron deficiency in the human body can cause anemia. The so-called gas poisoning (carbon monoxide poisoning), is also due to the hemoglobin in the iron atom nucleus is carbon monoxide gas molecules tightly surrounded by the loss of the ability to absorb oxygen molecules, so that the person suffocated poisoning and death. Iron is also an indispensable catalyst for the production of chlorophyll in plants. If a pot of flowers lack of iron, the flower will lose the color, lose that refreshing aroma, the leaves also yellow and withered. General soil also contains a lot of iron compounds. Metal has Xu metal has Xu metal has Xu metal has Xu metal has many excellent physical properties and chemical properties many excellent physical properties and chemical properties many excellent physical properties and chemical properties many excellent physical properties and chemical properties many excellent physical properties and chemical properties Plasticity refers to the role of the metal material in the role of the external force, the ability to produce permanent deformation without being destroyed. The material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage that material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage that material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage that material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage that material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage that material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage that material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage 。。。。 Generally, the elongation of more than five percent of the metal material is called plastic materials and the elongation of less than five percent of the metal material is generally more than five percent of the metal material is called plastic materials and the elongation of less than five percent of the metal material is generally more than five percent of the metal material is called plastic materials and the elongation of more than five percent of the metal material is generally more than five percent of the metal material is called plastic materials and the elongation of more than five percent of the metal material is generally more than five percent. Metallic materials are called plastic materials and the elongation of less than five percent of the metal materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials are called brittle materials 。。。。 Hardness indicates the ability of a material to resist being pressed into its surface by a hard object. It is one of the important performance indicators of metallic materials. Generally the higher the hardness, the better the wear resistance. The hardness test is one of the simplest and easiest test methods for mechanical property tests. Because the hardness value is determined by the starting plastic deformation resistance and the continuing plastic deformation resistance, the higher the strength of the material, the higher the plastic deformation resistance, the higher the hardness value. The properties of a metallic material determine the scope of application of the material and the rationality of its application. Strength is the maximum ability to characterize the material's resistance to deformation and damage under the action of external forces. The ability of a metallic material to resist damage under impact loading is called toughness. The corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of metals are mainly considered in practical applications. The property of magnetism to attract ferromagnetic objects is known as magnetism. Most metals have good electrical conductivity The adaptability shown by the metal to various machining process methods is called process performance. Stainless steel and similar daily metal products manufacturing, etc. Metal products industry products will tend to be more and more diversified, the industry's technical level is higher and higher, product quality will steadily improve, competition and the market will be further rationalized. Coupled with the further standardization of the industry by the state, as well as the implementation of relevant industry preferential policies, the metal products industry will have a huge space for development.