Diagnostic method of Mongolian medicine

With the accumulation and summary of clinical experience of Mongolian medicine, the enrichment and development of theoretical system, the expansion of collection, planting, processing and use of wild medicinal materials, the improvement of medical technology, the compilation and publication of medical works, the medical practice of Mongolian medicine has been enriched and developed continuously. There are experts in Mongolian medicine surgery, orthopedics, internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics and so on. In the Tang Dynasty, they practiced medicine extensively in farming and pastoral areas and towns. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was great development. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the theory of Mongolian medicine was further enriched, perfected and improved, and the clinical branches became more and more detailed, such as ophthalmology, acupuncture, surgery, massage, hot springs, medicated baths, dietotherapy and health care. In modern times, various disciplines of Mongolian medicine have further developed. For example, internal medicine is divided into brain department, epidemic febrile disease department, liver department, nephrology department, hematology department, gastropathy department, cardiovascular department and pulmonary disease department. The department of orthopedics and traumatology has developed into a specialized hospital, with new developments in ophthalmology, pediatrics, gynecology, facial features, skin and five therapies, and new achievements have been made.

The diagnosis of Mongolian medicine includes three methods: inquiry, observation and palpation. This is the basic method for Mongolian medicine to observe and diagnose diseases. Through the clinical symptoms and signs obtained from three clinics, the disease was diagnosed under the guidance of Mongolian medicine theory and combined with the patient's physique, gender, age and etiology. In the diagnosis, Mongolian medicine pays great attention to the observation of patients' excrement, such as feces and urine, and judges the nature of the disease from the color, character and smell of the excrement to provide diagnostic reference. In the diagnosis, there may be "four kinds of misdiagnosis" and "five kinds of illusions" and other complex situations. At this time, we must combine syndrome differentiation with disease differentiation in order to make a correct diagnosis. Doctors directly touch some parts of the patient's body with their hands to explore the methods of disease, including pulse-taking and pressing diagnosis.

① Pulse cutting. Pulse diagnosis plays an important role in the diagnosis of Mongolian medicine and is an essential skill for doctors. Distinguish between three cold and heat, as well as changes in viscera, ups and downs of qi and blood, etc. Mainly based on pulse cutting. Pulse cutting is usually performed at the pulse of radial artery on the palmar surface of wrist joint. Divide this artery into three sections, which are called village department, cadre and Chaga. When the pulse is cut, the patient's arm is horizontally extended and the palm is raised horizontally. The doctor first puts the index finger on the inch, then the middle finger on the cadre, and the ring finger on the chaga department. Generally, wheat grains are used as gaps between fingers. When cutting the pulse, you need to wait carefully and measure it with different finger forces, such as touching the skin inch by inch, pressing the meat dry, and then pressing the bone. Cungan, Gancha and Chaga respectively examined the symptoms of different viscera, and the left and right were different. The doctor examines the heart and small intestine in the right hand, the spleen and stomach in the cadre, the left kidney and essence in the Chaga department; Check the lungs and large intestine with the left hand, check the liver and gallbladder with the cadres, and check the right kidney and bladder with the chaga department. If the patient is female, the doctor will examine the heart and small intestine with his left hand and the lung and large intestine with his right hand. Everything else is the same as above. The characteristics of pulse condition can be understood from the aspects of pulse position, pulse frequency, rhythm, strength, size and situation. The normal pulse condition is that the average pulse beats 4-5 times in one breath (equivalent to 72-80 times per minute), neither floating nor sinking, neither too big nor too small, with even communication and consistent rhythm. However, this is relative, because people's body shape, gender, age, and the influence of internal and external environment of the body may have some physiological differences. With regard to the common abnormal pulse conditions in clinic, Mongolian doctors in past dynasties have accumulated rich experience, and the pulse conditions are identified very carefully, which can be subdivided into 47 kinds of pulse conditions. Generally, based on 12 kinds of pulse conditions, they can be classified into two types of cold and heat, which is an important aspect of clinical diagnosis. Mongolian medicine believes that the pulse of He Yi's disease is red and hollow, and pressing is absolutely necessary; The pulse of Sheila's disease is thin, numerous and powerful; The pulse of Badain's disease is heavy, slow and weak. In addition, there are unique pulse, strange pulse and misdiagnosis of several pulse conditions.

② According to the diagnosis. A diagnostic method in which a doctor directly touches and presses the patient's body surface or affected part with his hand. Acupoint diagnosis is mainly used to distinguish cold and warm, moistening dryness, swelling, pain and lump, and to observe patients' reaction to pressing. Touch and press the joints of limbs to check whether there is fracture or dislocation; Touch and press along the spine to see if there is any pathological reaction.