What impact can Kunqu Opera bring when it is listed as intangible cultural heritage?

Kunqu Opera, also known as Kunqu Opera, Kunqu Opera and Kunqu Opera, is the oldest opera in China and the treasure of traditional culture and art in China. Kunqu Opera originated from the South Wharf of Taicang, China in the 4th century A.D./KLOC-0, and was improved by Wei Liangfu and others, and then spread to the whole country. Since the middle of Ming Dynasty, it has dominated China's drama for nearly 300 years. Kunqu opera, which combines singing, dancing and martial arts, is known for its elegant dictionary, euphemistic lines and delicate performance, and is known as the "ancestor of hundreds of operas". In Kunqu Opera, drums and banquets control the singing rhythm. Qu Di and Sanxian are the main accompaniment instruments, and their singing pronunciation is "Zhongzhou Rhyme". 200 1, Kunqu opera is listed as "representative work of human oral and intangible heritage" by UNESCO.

Kunqu Opera was selected as "oral and intangible cultural heritage of mankind" because it is a classic of China classical performing arts. But "success is also Xiao He, failure is also Xiao He", and the glory and failure of Kunqu opera are all related to its characteristics. The prosperity of Kunqu Opera is in the same strain as the literati's life interest and artistic interest at that time. The cultural accomplishment of scholar-officials injected a unique cultural taste into Kunqu opera. Their leisurely life and pursuit of ethereal realm endow Kunqu with the characteristics of slow rhythm and beautiful artistic conception. In addition, the literati's deep feelings about society and life made Kunqu opera often show melancholy and lingering emotions in music and singing. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the citizens' class rose, and the style of relieving depression was obviously incompatible with them. Even the literati began to be pragmatic, Kunqu opera was not favored by the public, and it also lost its place in the literati class. As a result, Kunqu opera gradually declined. 1949 Before the founding of New China, there was no professional Kunqu Opera Troupe in China. In the 1950s, a drama was saved by the release of Fifteen Passes, and six Kunqu Opera Troupes were established nationwide. Han Shichang,, Furukawa, Zhu Chuanming, Zhou, Hou Yongkui, Tian Ruiting, a famous flute player in Beikun, Tian Julin, a famous Kunqu female performer in the north, and a group of outstanding actors trained after liberation, such as,, Ji Zhenhua, Zhang,, and Wang Shiyu, compiled Peony Pavilion and A Thousand Miles of the West Chamber. However, today, Kunqu Opera's strict stylized performance, slow cadence, too elegant lyrics and old story lines have lost its fashion and most of its entertainment functions, which is far from the aesthetic needs of contemporary people. It is difficult to win an audience, and there are fewer and fewer performances, which is also difficult to find in the performance market, forming a vicious circle. There were about 800 people who used to work in Kunqu Opera, so-called "eight hundred heroes". Now there are only 600 people left. The creation and performance of six Kunqu Opera troupes in China are generally in trouble, and they are unable to invest in actor training and artistic creation. Since Tian Jia was forced to leave Beikun, his only family heirloom, the Double Champion, has lost the complete copies of Lotus Pearl Match and Legend of the White Snake, which is also a great loss for Beikun.

Some people argue that Kunqu opera should be regarded as museum art, only for preservation, not for development. This has been opposed by Kunqu opera workers and people of insight, and it also violates the original intention of UNESCO to select human oral and intangible cultural heritage-to ensure the survival of these excellent cultures, rather than to curb their future development. However, Kunqu opera does face a dilemma: the brain drain makes few people qualified to create Kunqu opera; In order to innovate Kunqu opera, we are faced with a dilemma-it is impossible to narrow the distance between Kunqu opera and the times without major changes; If it is changed greatly, Kunqu opera will lose its characteristics and will not be called Kunqu opera.

Experts believe that the urgent task of Kunqu opera is to rescue the existing plays and documents. First of all, it is necessary to record and video the representative works of middle-aged and old-aged artists all over the country, and collect and sort out precious Kunqu literature, performance scripts, music scores and pictures. Kunqu opera performance can make a living from old operas, and the repertoire should be mainly inherited and sorted out. For example, the Peony Pavilion, rehearsed by Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe in recent two years, reduced the original work of Tang Xianzu to three, and combined with modern stage treatment, not only maintained the characteristics of the original work, but also conformed to today's aesthetics and received good market effects.

The Ministry of Culture plans to set up two training centers for Kunqu Opera actors in Beijing and Shanghai during the period of 10, so as to train performers for the national Kunqu Opera Troupe. The person in charge of Kunqu Opera Theatre hopes to gather outstanding teachers from all over the country and hold seminars for Kunqu Opera actors, screenwriters, directors, composers and managers in China Opera Academy.

Intangible cultural heritage

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On 2001May 18, UNESCO published the first batch of "masterpieces of human oral and intangible heritage" (hereinafter referred to as "masterpieces") in Paris. [ 10]

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Kunqu Opera, which originated from South Wharf in Taicang, Jiangsu Province, has a history of more than 600 years, and is called "the father and teacher of hundreds of operas". Many local operas, such as Jin Opera, Pu Opera, Shangdang Opera, xiang opera Opera, Sichuan Opera, Gan Opera, Guangxi Opera, Yong Opera, Yue Opera, Guangdong Cantonese Opera, Fujian Opera, Wu Opera and Yunnan Opera, are influenced by Kunqu Opera in many ways.

1. Kunqu opera has extremely high skills.

The expression means of China traditional opera is the combination of singing, reading, doing and playing (dancing). These four aspects and their synthesis are the most demanding in Kunqu Opera. Kunqu opera actors must have all these aspects. The stage presentation is also the most perfect and excellent. Actors of other operas should learn Kunqu opera to improve their acting skills. For example, Mei Lanfang, a Peking Opera actor, has a deep knowledge of Kunqu Opera and can perform Kunqu Opera. Pei Yanling's masterpiece "Lin Chong Running at Night" was performed in the form of Kunqu Opera.

2. Kunqu Opera is a "living fossil"

China's operas have been circulating on the stage since their formation. With the changes of the times, from script to tune and performance, Kunqu opera has changed little, retaining more traditional features and rich repertoire, and is called "living fossil".

3. Kunqu Opera is an "endangered species"

/kloc-In the late 8th century, local operas rose, and Kunqu opera declined because it was too elegant and complicated. Before 1949, there were no professional performing groups in China, except the "Guofeng Xinsu Troupe" and "Semi-Kun Fu Class" which tried their best to prolong the artistic life of Kunqu Opera. Some old artists go home to farm, while others set up stalls to make a living.

Kunqu Opera Art Festival

China Kunqu Art Festival was founded in 2000, sponsored by People's Republic of China (PRC), Ministry of Culture, Jiangsu Provincial People's Government and Suzhou Municipal People's Government, and co-organized by the Steering Committee for Revitalizing Kunqu Opera of the Ministry of Culture, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Culture, Suzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture, Kunshan Municipal People's Government, China Kunqu Research Association and related funding units. China Kunqu Opera Art Festival aims at protecting and developing Kunqu Opera art and enhancing the communication among Kunqu Opera lovers all over the world. In addition to selecting plays, various exhibitions, congratulations performances, seminars, books signed by artists and mass gatherings were held. The government also specially printed postcards, first day covers and other souvenirs for the festival. The first China Kunju Opera Art Festival was held in Kunshan and Suzhou from March 3rd to April 6th, 2000. The second China Kunqu Opera Art Festival was held in Suzhou in June 2003.

Conducive to the protection and inheritance of Kunqu opera.