Brief introduction and detailed information of Chinese civilization

The word "Huaxia" in the basic introduction of Huaxia Civilization first appeared in Shangshu Zhou Shu Wucheng: "Huaxia is arrogant and useless." Shangshu Zhengyi said: "Coronation ceremony and chapter adoption" is glorious for left-handers. Interpretation says "summer is great." Therefore, big countries call it "summer flowers". "Summer" means China. As the saying goes, "I don't want summer, and I don't want to mess with China." Kong wrote, "Summer is great. China has a big gift, so it is called summer; The beauty of service printing is called China. " Hua, Xia Yi also. ""China is called Huaxia, which is summer and big. "Words are like words, and articles are like words." Yimei's Biography of the Pseudo-Confucius: "The coronation is suitable for China, and the big country is called Xia". The original meaning of the word "Huaxia" is: the state of Chinese etiquette, so it is called summer; The beauty of service seal is called China.

It can be seen that China is based on the beauty of China's clothing; The frontier is vast, the culture is prosperous, and the etiquette and morality are prosperous. It is summer. In terms of meaning, the word "Hua" has a beautiful meaning, the word "Xia" has a grand meaning, and the original meaning of "Huaxia" has a civilized meaning. The physical display of the word Huaxia in reality is clothing, etiquette and classics. Huaxia civilization is an entity that combines Chinese ancestry, etiquette culture of poetry, calligraphy and painting and Chinese territory.

The ideological core of Chinese civilization is Shinto, education of rites and music, strictly distinguishing between China people and foreigners, and advocating benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. Yi-ology is the profound foundation of Chinese civilization.

"Huaxia", commonly known as China, is said that about 5000 years ago, there were many tribes between Huashan and Xiashui in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin, among which the later Yan Di tribe and Huangdi tribe were more important. The "Huaxia" formed by the integration of Yanhuang tribes is the "descendants of Yanhuang". According to the records of the Five Emperors, the head of the Five Emperors was the Yellow Emperor, and later people called him the ancestor of China. After the Yellow Emperor, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Yu Xia and others are the most famous. Yu is the leader of the tribe, surnamed Yu, also known as Dayu. Xia Dayu played an important role in water control and became the first dynasty in China after the Central Plains tribe * * *.

China people claimed to be from China when they immigrated overseas in ancient times, which resulted in the word "China people". At first, the term "China people" only referred to the Han nationality, but with the spread of Chinese culture to all parts of the country, the concept of "China people" gradually extended from the initial reference to the Han nationality to the surrounding ethnic minorities influenced by Chinese culture.

In the Zhou dynasty, all the princes who obeyed the etiquette and kept the etiquette and righteousness were called Han and Xia people, generally called He. In ancient books, "Hua" and "Xia" are the Central Plains, and "Yi" and "Yi" are the four directions. China is also called China, Midsummer, Middle-earth and China. During the Zhou Dynasty, according to the ritual system of Zhou, Huaxia used six steps to worship the gods of heaven and five parties. These five gods are Di Qing Taihao Fuxi in the east, Yan Di in the south, Huangdi in the center, Shao Hao in the west and Zhuan Xu in Hei Di in the north.

China and Xia used to be common, and these two words are synonyms. It is summer in China. China is also called midsummer. For example, in Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years in Office, Confucius said: "Don't seek summer, don't mess with China." The "Hua" here is also "Xia". Confucius regarded "Xia" and "Hua" as synonyms. "Hua" and "Xia" have a very lofty position in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

The word "Huaxia" (the collective name of China and Xia) first appeared in Shangshu Zhou Shu Wucheng: "Huaxia is too arrogant to give anything." Shangshu Zhengyi said: "Coronation ceremony and chapter adoption" is glorious for left-handers. Interpretation says "summer is great." Therefore, big countries call it "summer flowers". "Summer" means China. Zuo Zhuan said: "I don't want summer, I don't want to mess with China." Kong wrote, "Summer is great. China has a big gift, so it is called summer; The beauty of service printing is called China. " Hua, Xia Yi also. ""China is called Huaxia, which is summer and big. "Words are like words, and articles are like words." Yimei's Biography of the Pseudo-Confucius: "The coronation is suitable for China, and the big country is called Xia." This is the original intention of "Huaxia".

It can be seen that China is based on the beauty of China's clothing; The frontier is vast, the culture is prosperous, and the etiquette and morality are prosperous. It is summer. In terms of meaning, the word "Hua" has a beautiful meaning, the word "Xia" has a grand meaning, and the original meaning of "Huaxia" has a civilized meaning. The physical display of the word Huaxia in reality is clothing, etiquette and classics. Huaxia civilization is an entity that combines Chinese ancestry, etiquette culture of poetry, calligraphy and painting and Chinese territory.

It is worth noting that in the pre-Qin period, only the "brother, nephew and uncle" vassal States belonging to Zhou were "Huaxia", and the rest were "pretty and majestic".

The origin of civilization Chinese civilization originated from Dadiwan culture, Peiligang culture, Longshan culture and Yangshao culture. The paternal Y chromosome of Huaxia nationality is O3 and its branches, and the maternal mitochondrial haplogroup is mainly M7c, F, B4 and other branches. Maternal mitochondrial haplogroups are mainly M7c, F and B4. Six thousand years ago, Huaxia learned the agricultural technology of planting millet. With the gradual enrichment of food, there is no shortage of food like nomads, which makes the population of Chinese tribes grow rapidly. As a result, Chinese tribes began to expand their living space, plundering land from other ethnic groups in the Quartet, and the competition for land also occurred between Huarong and Rong ethnic groups. But what is more attractive to China is the fertile land suitable for farming in the East. According to the existing archaeological findings and research, from 5800 to 5300 years ago, the civilization on the earth of China was full of stars. After the fall of Liangzhu ancient country, the Central Plains gradually became the center of prehistoric oriental civilization.

According to historical records, Huaxia tribe is the earliest resident of the Yellow River Basin, and Chinese ancestors established Dadiwan culture (Tianshui area of Gansu Province) and Peiligang culture (Xinzheng area of Henan Province) in the Yellow River Basin as early as 8,000 years ago. Yangshao culture was established 7000 -5000 years ago, with the Great Wall and Hetao area in the north, northwestern Hubei in the south, eastern Henan in the east and the border area of Gansu and Qinghai in the west. About 4600-4000 years ago, Longshan culture was established in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Around 5300, various regions of China entered the stage of civilization one after another; About 3800 years ago, a more mature form of civilization was formed in the Central Plains.

As for the origin time of Chinese civilization (Huaxia civilization), western scholars have always regarded it as 3000 years ago according to their standards. Although China scholars have objections, they have been unable to prove that this view is wrong. The latest research results of Hongshan cultural relics and the definition of civilization standards can prove that Chinese civilization originated 8000 years ago. According to the western definition of the origin of civilization, Chinese civilization originated 3000 years ago. Archaeological research in Hongshan Culture has given us a new understanding of the origin of Chinese civilization-the origin of Chinese civilization should be pushed forward for 5,000 years, which should be 8,000 years ago. The origin of Chinese civilization can be traced back to 5000 years ago, and bronzes should not be the standard. According to the discovery of the "Chinese Civilization Sourcing Project", although due to geographical reasons, the origin, early formation and development of Chinese civilization were all in East Asia, and they were relatively independent and developed by themselves, in the later period of the "ancient times", Chinese civilization came into contact with other foreign civilizations in the process of its own development. "Liangzhu Culture" proves that Chinese civilization has lasted for 5,000 years, and Liangzhu is about 5,300 ~ 4,300 years ago, which is roughly in the same era as ancient Egyptian civilization, Sumerian civilization and Harappa civilization.

Chinese ancestors were divided into many tribes, large and small, which were active in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Among the famous leaders are Tai Hao (Fuxi), Shao Hao (Bai Di), Zhuan Xu (Hei Di), Huangdi, Yan Di (Chi Di), Di Ku (Gaoxin), Zhu Rong, Boyi, Shundi and Yaodi. Among them, Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor were * * * lords. Huaxia has left many sites of civilization in the Yellow River Basin.

China's ancestors, Huangdi and Yan Di, fought for the leader of the tribal alliance in the Central Plains. Yan Di tribe was defeated and merged into Huangdi tribe, and the Yanhuang Alliance was formed. Chinese tribes thus occupied the Central Plains and began to create Chinese civilization. In Shandong Province, further east of the Central Plains, there are many small tribes called Yi people. There was once a foreign country in the East, which was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty. Later, the East called Yi, which was not derogatory at first. In the Zhou Dynasty, "culture" began, and "Dongyi is called Yi", also known as "Dongyi", including "Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman and Beidi", collectively referred to as "Siyi".

Later, the Yanhuang Tribal Alliance defeated Chiyou, the leader of the Jiuli Tribal Alliance of Dongyi Group, in the battle of Zhuolu, and expanded the alliance power to today's Shandong. Later, with Yan Di tribe and Huangdi tribe as the main body, they formed a greater alliance with Dongyi tribe in Shandong, and the Huaxia tribe was basically shaped. From 2070 BC to 256 BC, Huaxia tribes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River successively established the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

In 22 1 year BC, the unification of the Qin dynasty ended the separatist regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The expansion goal of Chinese people points to the wider land of Baiyue south of the Yangtze River. Take the land of Baiyue in the south and think that Guilin is like a county. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo took the opportunity to establish Nanyue State under the separatist regime in Lingnan. Nanyue State, which had become a vassal state, was destroyed by the Han Dynasty, and eventually the vast south was incorporated into the direct territory of China, and the footprints of Chinese tribes reached the coast of the South China Sea.

Qin Shihuang unified China and established the Qin Dynasty (2265438 BC+0-206 BC), followed by the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) and ruled China for more than 400 years. During this period, the territory of China expanded unprecedentedly, and the Huaxia tribe absorbed the Bashu, Jingchu and Baiyue tribes on the same side, and the Han nationality began to form, and the name "Huaxia" gradually became another name for the Han nationality.

The main feature of Chinese civilization is its unique moral etiquette. On the Tang Law: "China people are like China." Taught by the king, he belongs to China. He is well dressed, conscientious and polite, so he is called China. "Custom filial piety" refers to filial piety. There is a cloud in Zhao Ce Er, Volume 19 of the Warring States Policy: "China people are smart and know where to live, where everything is used for money, what sages teach, what benevolence and righteousness do, what poetry, books, rituals and pleasures do, what sensitive skills try, what they look at from a distance, and what barbarians do." That is to say, the Central Plains is the place where smart and far-sighted people live, where everything accumulates, where sages practice education, where benevolence and righteousness are practiced, where poetry, books, rituals and music are used, where exotic feelings and exquisite skills are tried out, where distant countries expect to observe and yearn for, and where ethnic minorities in all directions follow suit.

In Historical Records, Qin Benji, the Meaning of China's Inscription, Qin Mugong himself said: "China takes poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music as his politics." A Jin Mermaid Rain replied: "My husband has been to the Yellow Emperor as a ritual measure, and he is the leader." "The rituals, pleasures and punishments of Taizong and Taizong, and the teachings of Chinese civilization, will be seen today." Liu Bowen, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, said: "One place in Hua Fu should be strictly guarded, one place in Wang Dafa should be in charge of China, and the number of changes should be in foreign countries. The Bible has been clear and reasonable for a thousand years. " Therefore, the Six Classics, Six Arts and Five Wuchang and the way of poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music advocated by them are the essence of Chinese civilization.

The thought of Chinese civilization contended by a hundred schools of thought and its inheritance to Tu; A hundred schools of thought contended not only inherited Wang Guan's education in poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music, but also respected the ceremony of monarch, minister and father and the difference between husband and wife, and believed in the politics of the holy king. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the royal family declined, the princes competed for hegemony, and scholars traveled all over the world to make suggestions for the princes. By the Warring States Period, a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contend" had formed.

Traditionally, a hundred schools of thought originated from Sima Qian's father Sima Tan. In the Essentials of Six Classics, he first divided the hundred schools into six schools: Yin and Yang, Confucianism, Mohism, Fame, Dharma and Taoism. Later, on the basis of the division of Sima Tan, Liu Xin added ten schools of "vertical and horizontal, miscellaneous, agricultural and novel". Ban Gu attacked Liu Xin in History of Han, and thought: "There are ten philosophers, but only nine are impressed." Later, people came to "novelists" and called the remaining nine "nine streams".

Poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music and change in the Five Dynasties are collectively called the Five Classics, which correspond to the Five Dynasties. Classic, often also. There are five principles, hence the Five Classics: the benevolence of music, the meaning of books, the ceremony of ceremony, the wisdom of change, and the letter of poetry. There are five natures of human feelings, and you can't be ashamed of yourself. They show it in the way that saints are like the five permanent members of heaven, so as to teach people to become their virtues. He said, "It means benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. The benevolent can't bear it, but loves others; Just, proper and decisive; Gifts, shoes, and shoes are also written; Wise men, knowledgeable people, see the past and hear it alone, not confused, but also see the micro; Believers are sincere and unswerving. The Eye of the Yangtze River explains: "Benevolence is a house; Righteousness, Tao also; Ceremony, service also; Wisdom, candle is also: faith, symbol is also. At home, from the road, clothes, bright candles, holding symbols, gentlemen don't move, move. Therefore, the benevolent is also righteous, and so am I. This is also called. "Mencius Gao Zi Shang": "Compassion, benevolence; Shame and nausea, righteousness also; Respect and courtesy; The heart of right and wrong is also wise. Benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom are not foreign, but inherent to me, so I think. "

The so-called "Six Classics" in the Six Classics refers to six ancient books in the pre-Qin period, such as poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, change, music, spring and autumn. These six ancient books were not written by Confucius. Based on the principle of "words without deeds, believing in the past" (The Analects of Confucius), Confucius only compiled these six ancient books. The records in Guoyu Chu Yu Shang include these six ancient books. "To teach the Spring and Autumn Annals, but to shrug off the good and suppress the evil, to remonstrate its heart; Teach the "world" to show its virtue, abandon its gloom, and not be afraid of its movement; Teach "poetry" and guide it to show virtue and ambition; Teach "courtesy" so that you know the rules from top to bottom; Teach "music" to drive away its filth and make it float; Teach "order" to make visitors; Teach "Yu" to understand its virtue, know the things of the former king, and take Mingde as the people; Teaching "old ambitions" makes those who know how to waste and prosper wary; Teach "instruction code" so that you can know race and behavior in a more just way. There are nine kinds of ancient books mentioned here: Spring and Autumn Annals, History, History, Li, Yue, Ling, Yu, Ancient Records and Xundian.

Zhang Hong's Tu Gang of Hua Zi in Ming Dynasty was partly written by Chu Zhuangwang. Chu Zhuangwang was located from 6 14 BC to 59 1 year BC, half a century earlier than Confucius. The Six Classics compiled by Confucius existed as early as Chu Zhuangwang, and it is also common in other pre-Qin documents. The six classics system of poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, righteousness, Yue, Spring and Autumn is the source of the inheritance and development of Chinese civilization. "The six skills of poetry, calligraphy, Yi, Spring and Autumn, Rites and Music are regarded as the great righteousness and called the Six Arts." "The text of the six arts: Music is in harmony with God, and benevolence shows itself; Poetry, well-founded, righteous words; Li Ming, the wise see it, so there is no training; Books are widely listened to, and the art of knowing is also; Spring and autumn, things are broken, and the symbol of faith is also. Five, cover five principles, prepare for each other, easy to be the original. Therefore, as the saying goes,' If it is easy to be invisible, it has been done or almost finished', and words and heaven and earth are the end and beginning. " Poems and books have their own aspirations, and Li and Yue are pure in cultivation, easy to see clearly in the Spring and Autumn Period. All six studies are great, each with its own strong points. "Poetry" is of good quality because of its ambition. "Li" is a festival, so it is longer than Wen. Yue Zande is longer than the wind. "Books" study hard, so they do good deeds. "Yi" is based on heaven and earth, so it is longer than number. Spring and autumn are right and wrong, so they are good at dealing with people. You can have both, but you can't delve into it. "Confucian Classics has shaped the value ideal of China's political system, just as Li Chengyuan, a scholar in the Republic of China, said in" A General Introduction to Confucian Classics ":"After Confucian Classics has been established in China, it has become the magna carta of our people, and Confucian Classics can stipulate the ideals of private individuals and countries all over the world. Sages rule the world, taking Confucian classics as a model, illegitimate, and taking Confucian classics as a model. Therefore, commenting on political gains and losses and measuring the pros and cons of characters are all weighed by Confucian classics.

Both state and private facilities must be based on Confucian classics. "In Chinese civilization, the Five Classics are the ideological source of philosophers, the standard for judging history and the guiding principle for literary and artistic creation. From a historical perspective, Confucian classics have defined the source of Chinese civilization, shaped the political system and social life of the Chinese nation for more than 2,000 years, and shaped the lifestyle of our ancestors. It is precisely because of the existence of Confucian classics that the Chinese nation can go through more than two thousand years. Although it used to drive a Mercedes-Benz, there were frequent wars. It was once divided into north and south, once invaded by Yidi, once in China, once a temple and mound site. However, the glory of civilization has never disappeared in the wilderness, and the ideals of ethnic groups have never disappeared in the world, thus creating a situation of cultural unity and continuous development. It is precisely because of the existence of Confucian classics that although the history of China has experienced dynasty changes, the construction of political system and the promotion of social reform always have a fundamental value standard. No matter how the political system changes, it is inseparable from the big system of civilization. It is precisely because of the existence of Confucian classics that various rituals in social life, such as crowns, weddings, funerals and sacrifices, can always maintain the ideal value of social life, dress up cultural relics, and pass on gains and losses from generation to generation, but what remains unchanged is the pursuit of a life of courtesy and righteousness. It can be said that if we really want to go deep into the history of China, we must go deep into the deep core of history, and the core of history lies in Confucian classics.

Thirteen Confucian Classics [i.e.

Comments and supplements

Divination book (of Han dynasty)

System inheritance

The Five Permanent Members in China's Traditional Ethics

Zhouyi

Zhouyi zhengyi

Easy weft

mercy

minister

Shangshu zhengyi

Book weft

Han Shu, Jin Shu and Song Shu.

wisdom

The Book of Songs

Shi Mao zhengyi

Poetic latitude

Han Fu, Tang Poetry and Song Poetry

fair

Zhou Li

Li Zhou Zhu Shu

Ritual latitude

Erie

Ceremonies and notes

Ritual latitude

Kay Ethan and the Six Classics of Tang Dynasty

ceremony

Book of rites

Interpretation of The Book of Rites Justice

Ritual latitude

the Spring and Autumn Period

Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period (Spring and Autumn Justice)

Chunqiuwei

Historical Records of Huang Benji

think

Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram

Chunqiuwei

Notes on Liang Zhuan in Spring and Autumn Period

Chunqiuwei

The Analects of Confucius

Notes on Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius

Mencius

Mencius' annotation

The Classic of Filial Piety

Interpretation of filial piety

graceful

Er ya Zhu Shu

Han Shu, the achievement of China, said: "It is based on the summer in the Spring and Autumn Period. The man who abandoned the emperor was insatiable and mercenary, leaving him with a face and an animal heart. It and China. Special chapter suit. Different customs. Eating and drinking are different. The speech is unreasonable. It is based on the holy king's beasts and animals. If you don't swear, you will attack, and if you make a pact, you will bully. If you attack, you will be defeated by your teacher. Get land. Don't plow or eat. Go get someone. Can't pet livestock. It is based on the outside of the Ming king, not the inside. Sparse but not sad. "

Main features Chinese civilization is the only uninterrupted civilization in human history. In the long process of historical development, Chinese civilization has formed the following main features.

Chinese civilization comes down in one continuous line and develops continuously, showing obvious stages. When the energy at a certain stage is exhausted, it will change. When it changes, the blood vessels will be unobstructed, and then it will grow and develop. This spiral rise has made the vitality of Chinese civilization endless and continues to this day. As the saying goes, "if you are poor, you will change, if you change, you will pass, and the general rules will last for a long time." Although the development of Chinese civilization has stages, it has not been interrupted or transferred. Today, we can still read the documents thousands of years ago, and the aphorisms in the ancient classics are still active in our daily language. In the historical evolution, the center of Chinese civilization has moved many times, but the whole history has been staged on this vast land in the eastern part of Eurasia. In the field of history, represented by Gu Jiegang, China's history books were rearranged by sorting out the ancient western materials. "They think that scholars of different dynasties in history constantly add their own imagination and explanation between unconsciousness and consciousness, but later generations will mistakenly think that this is real history. The ancient records themselves are very vague, but the latecomers continue to supplement them, resulting in the history we see today.

Chinese civilization has never stopped, mainly relying on the continuous accumulation of civilization. This accumulation is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, a large number of written documents formed by written records; Second, there are many physical objects, including cultural relics, relics and sites. The former is like historical documents. Thousands of years of civilization are constantly recorded in history books, and there are 25 official histories alone. There are also a large number of "political books" such as General Canon, Textual Research and General Records, as well as unofficial history and notes. Chinese civilization is unique in the world, and it is a highly developed civilization phenomenon. The latter is like archaeological data. A large number of archaeological discoveries since the 20th century have made the source of Chinese civilization, especially Chinese civilization, more and more clear and accurate, which is very remarkable. In addition, there are oral cultural traditions, colorful folk customs and so on.

Chinese civilization evolves alternately in unity and division, prosperity and decline, but it takes unity and prosperity as the normal state and division and decline as the abnormal state. According to some scholars' statistics, in the 4000 years since the Xia Dynasty, the total time of division was 1200 years, while the time of reunification was more than 2700 years. Even in the era of division, most separatist regimes are not willing to be partial, but pursue reunification as their most important goal. Generally speaking, unity and prosperity are roughly synchronized, and division and decline are basically synchronized. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially in the Western Zhou Dynasty, civilization reached a considerable height. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the rites and music collapsed, the governors grew, the regime moved down, and the society was in turmoil. At the same time, new factors are also growing, and the fresh blood of surrounding civilizations is constantly injected into the Central Plains civilization. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, China had achieved a higher level of unification. The Qin Dynasty created a unified model, and later dynasties continued to supplement, repair and improve this model. The Han dynasty was magnificent, which realized the unification of territory, economy, politics and even thought, showing a vibrant atmosphere. Since then, the consciousness of great unity has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese nation, and the rise and fall of Chinese civilization has been accompanied by the alternation of unity and division.

Once Chinese civilization is formed, it is open and inclusive. It can absorb different civilizations in openness, digest different civilizations in tolerance and renew itself in pluralistic integration. Looking at the development of Chinese civilization, it is not an era of China's isolation and arrogance, but an era of overall openness. This kind of opening is not all-weather like the ancient Greek civilization and modern Spain, Portugal and the British Empire. That all-weather opening is often accompanied by external expansion, resulting in great variation, differentiation, disintegration, decline and even destruction. The opening of Chinese civilization is a moderate opening on the basis of ensuring the survival of self-life. As long as it does not harm itself, it can be eclectic. Persistence and understanding are the important reasons for the endless life of Chinese civilization. In the history of China's ideological and cultural development, no matter how many differences there are between sects and schools, through the efforts of generations of thinkers, they can be integrated, and finally form a pluralistic and unified ideological and cultural system with similarities and differences, differences and similarities, and you have me and me, and turn it into a powerful spiritual force to promote China's historical progress.

Information about the earth.

China people's traditional understanding of the earth in Chinese civilization is generally a round place. But Teacher She Yuan mentioned that another understanding of China people is the cylindrical model, which not only describes the earth, but also describes the universe. 2 1 century technology cannot test the edge of the universe. It has been expanding, and the four dimensions have been expanding. The Milky Way, the super galaxy and the solar system are all centripetal circles, which are very similar! Therefore, there was a special astrology in ancient times, except for the prediction of climate, such as the prediction of the influence of the changes of stars on the earth and human beings, but this classification was rare in our prediction in 2 1 century.

Where do humans come from? There are three kinds of materials to study this problem: genes, fossils, language and culture. Among them, language and culture can be traced back for a limited time, generally not exceeding the Neolithic Age. The construction of human evolutionary pedigree based on fossil similarity comparison also has great subjective judgment influence. Many morphological characteristics have nothing to do with species differences.