Discussion on hydrology and water resources?

With the development of China's social economy, water conservancy construction has also developed. In recent years, unprecedented progress has been made in the construction and research of hydrology and water resources, and great achievements have been made in both basic theoretical research and practical technology popularization. At the same time, it should be noted that China's water resources and environment are complex and the investment in hydrological research is limited. For a long time, hydrological research and construction can not adapt to social development.

First, some deficiencies in the field of hydrology and water resources in China

1. Insufficient research funds, backward related technologies and imperfect theories. In recent years, the research on hydrology and water resources in China has been deepened continuously, and the research funds have also increased greatly. However, due to the large time and space span involved in hydrology and water resources, it takes a lot of manpower and material resources, and the shortage of funds is difficult to solve in the short term. Some global hydrological problems have not been fully explored because of their complexity and huge research funds. In addition, hydrological research is also unbalanced. Some hot issues have gathered too much manpower and material resources, but there are few research projects in some unpopular fields. 2. Hydrological data is the basis of hydrological data research. At present, the number of equipment used for hydrological monitoring in China is insufficient and the equipment is relatively backward. Advanced real-time monitoring equipment can free hydrologists from heavy repetitive work. In western countries, these devices are widely used in various fields of hydrological monitoring. In China, these high-efficiency, high-precision and fully automatic monitoring equipment have not been widely used. A large number of hydrological data are still obtained by traditional manual methods, which is not only efficient, but also easy to make mistakes. 3. Water resources are increasingly exhausted, but the system and technology related to water saving are not perfect. At present, China's water resources management is mainly through the total water consumption control. The total water consumption control seems simple, but it is far from being implemented. This involves many related systems and technologies such as water monitoring, water simulation, water saving and pollution control. Without these related systems and technical guarantees, it is empty talk to save water through total water consumption. 4. The utilization of non-traditional water resources is relatively backward. With the development of human society, the scope of water resources utilization is becoming wider and wider, and many non-traditional ways of water resources utilization have emerged, such as urban rainwater utilization and urban sewage utilization. Generally speaking, the utilization of non-traditional water resources in China is relatively poor, and the related technologies are relatively backward. 5. Industrial technology and urban life have brought convenience to human beings, but they have also caused some damage to the water environment. At present, China's related industrial and domestic sewage treatment technology is backward, and ecological restoration is not satisfactory. Publicity should be intensified to make people realize the preciousness of water resources, actively save water in life and production, and encourage research on sewage treatment and ecological restoration. 6. The digitalization and informatization of hydrology and water resources are relatively backward. Many decisions and infrastructure construction related to hydrology and water resources need to be based on a large number of hydrological data, but at present, the informatization construction of hydrology and water resources in China is relatively backward, and many precious hydrological data cannot be obtained by many hydrological researchers and hydrological decision makers because there is no relevant information platform. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of hydrological information in China, so that hydrological information can better serve the economy and society.

Second, the application of modern science and technology in hydrology and water resources.

1. Science and technology play a very important role in flood control and drought relief. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, which play a particularly important role in flood control and drought relief. In ancient China, limited by the development of science and technology at that time, many people suffered minor disasters in one year and major disasters in three years. After the founding of New China, China has made one victory after another in flood control and drought relief by using modern advanced science and technology. 2. Water resources are becoming more and more precious, and science and technology play an important role in water saving. In order to make effective use of water resources, we must go through two barriers, one is "open source", the treatment of urban and industrial sewage must rely on science and technology to be effectively treated, and the reuse of water also depends on the development of filtration and purification related technologies; Another obstacle is "throttling". Traditional agricultural irrigation is easy to waste water resources, and various water-saving irrigation technologies should be actively promoted. In the industrial field, the use of various new technologies and new processes can also reduce the use of water resources. 3. While enjoying various conveniences brought by social development, human beings have also caused ecological damage, and environmental protection has been paid more and more attention. The original development mode of high energy consumption and coarse growth is unsustainable. It is necessary to strengthen the detection of all kinds of water quality with the help of science and technology, find the pollution source as soon as possible, and avoid the further spread of pollution. 4. In the field of hydrology and water resources, data is the basis of research and decision-making. How many generations of hydrological researchers dream of sharing hydrological data. With the development of modern information technology, hydrological data sharing has gradually become a reality. The construction of hydrological data sharing platform involves a lot of hardware and software, which is the result of the development of modern science and technology. It can be said that without the development of modern information technology, it is impossible to share hydrological and water resources data.

Three. Key extension technologies in the field of hydrology and water resources

1. Hydrological information monitoring and transmission technology and forecasting technology promote real-time monitoring and early warning equipment and technology of water and rain conditions, drought and water quality with high sensitivity, convenient operation and high efficiency to meet the needs of China's economic and social development for flood control, drought relief and disaster reduction. Popularization technologies include high sensitivity and new hydrological information monitoring sensors, equipment and technology for information collection, remote transmission, data analysis, processing and management, automatic monitoring equipment and technology for groundwater level and temperature, online automatic monitoring equipment and technology for water quality of rivers and lakes, and real-time monitoring and analysis equipment and technology for large-scale soil moisture based on satellite remote sensing information. The core of modern hydrological forecasting technology is to extend the forecasting period of hydrological forecasting, improve the forecasting accuracy and serve flood control, drought relief and disaster reduction. 2. Hydrological forecasting technology and dispatching technology. It is necessary to study and popularize hydrological forecasting technology adapted to harsh natural conditions to build hydrological automatic forecasting stations in alpine canyons and cold and anoxic no-man's land. In recent years, natural disasters have occurred frequently in China, and it is urgent to popularize automatic hydrological emergency monitoring and forecasting devices suitable for major natural disasters or sudden water conditions, harsh environments and complex conditions, so as to serve the emergency decision-making and command and dispatch of dispatching decision-making departments. Popularization technologies include automatic forecasting technology and equipment for hydrological emergency monitoring of major natural disasters, hydrological forecasting technology under harsh natural conditions, and reservoir capacity/lake volume measurement technology based on satellite remote sensing method. The essence of comprehensive management of river basin water resources is the unified dispatching of river basin water resources with the goal of overall solving flood control safety, water supply safety and ecological safety. It is necessary to establish and popularize the unified dispatching technology system of river basin water resources with total control as the core, and realize the unified dispatching technology from single water conservancy project dispatching to multi-water sources in the whole basin or across basins. Popularization technologies include multi-objective joint dispatching technology of river basin engineering system, inter-basin emergency water delivery and ecological improvement monitoring technology, numerical simulation of groundwater and optimal allocation of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas, and research on regional groundwater protection and restoration technology.

Four. Conclusion To sum up, science and technology are the primary productive forces, and it is inseparable from science and technology to do a good job in hydrology and water resources: water conservancy construction is inseparable from science and technology, flood control and drought relief are inseparable from science and technology, and the construction of hydrology and water resources platform is inseparable from science and technology, so we must rely on the power of science and technology to solve various problems of hydrology and water resources.

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