The sharp weapon of using idioms in ancient Chinese medicine (preface)

Xu Shenyun: "The person who covers the word is the foundation of the technique. At the beginning of Wang Zheng, the predecessors have fallen, and later generations know the ancient times." In other words, writing is the carrier of culture. To inherit the essence of China traditional culture, we must know about ancient books. To understand ancient books, we must first break through the writing barrier. Broadly speaking, this "general" is a language general including the composition, expression and application of characters, that is, all the contents of Chinese characters, vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric involved in modern ancient Chinese textbooks. Traditional Chinese medicine is an integral part of China's excellent traditional culture. It is the practice and experience of the Chinese nation in fighting diseases, which has been handed down through ancient books. According to some data, there are more than 30,000 known TCM classics, and more than 1 1,000 can be seen. Faced with such a huge and expensive national treasure, how to recognize and digest it is an urgent matter that is directly related to the continuation and development of Chinese medicine, and it is also a vital matter that several generations of China people, especially Chinese medicine, care about. "Learning from time to time, three difficulties, profound and difficult, difficult to know, difficult to judge." To accomplish this mission, it is far from enough to have sufficient materials (extensive and profound) and correct consciousness (judgment). How to master scientific cognitive methods (examination questions) is an urgent problem to be solved. "Ancient scholars have studied ancient books since childhood, and important classics can be memorized. Some people can learn everything, and the thirteen classics, the twenty-four histories, and the contention of a hundred schools of thought can all be counted as treasures. " (Wang Li's Inheritance and Development of Linguistics in China) Modern people are different. Most of the ancient books they come into contact with are vernacular or semi-vernacular, and they basically eat "steamed buns chewed by others", and some even taste bad during chewing. We are becoming more and more unfamiliar with the things left by our ancestors, and we can't get the sweetness of the raw milk that can make people blush the most. Faced with such a serious problem, countless predecessors in the field of Chinese medicine are deeply moved and worried. After several generations of unremitting efforts, a basic course of traditional Chinese medicine-ancient Chinese medicine has finally been formed. This makes many people happy, and finally has a golden key to open the treasure house of Chinese medicine! This also makes many people feel headache and anxiety. The food of our ancestors is really difficult to digest! Except Ren Yingqiu, Qian Chaochen and Duan Yishan,

Xu Jingsheng and other accomplished scholars in the field of ancient Chinese have written books, preached and taught to solve doubts, and more and more scholars who are enthusiastic about this field have also devoted themselves to this "bitter sea" to warm up and test the water. Professor Ma Xianjun is one of them, and his book A Shortcut and Idiom of Ancient Chinese Medicine (published by Ancient Chinese Medicine Books Publishing House) is a record of his feelings.

The ingenuity of the book "Ancient Chinese Medicine Shortcut Idioms" lies in the fact that the author chose idioms that most people are familiar with as a breakthrough. Answering your own questions with your own familiar words has suddenly narrowed the distance between readers and ancient Chinese medicine books. Idioms are stereotyped words, phrases or short sentences with fixed structural forms, components and specific meanings and functions. Up to now, there are about 6000 ~ 10000 words that have been recognized and appeared in various professional dictionaries, which shows their position and weight in the study of language and characters. Because monosyllabic words are the main means of expression in ancient Chinese, from monosyllabic words to disyllabic words, and then to idioms with four words (or multiples of four words) as the main body, it shows the development trend of language and writing. In addition, parallel prose, which has long occupied an important position in China's ancient cultural history, requires language concentration, while four-font prose is the main mode of influential works such as poems, biographies, eulogies, memorials, etc., which makes various grammatical relations and rhetorical devices of Chinese fully reflected in idioms. Classic Chinese medicine is no exception. "In the past, among the Yellow Emperor, beginning of life was fantastic, weak and eloquent, young and unbiased, long and sensitive, and made a name for himself." "Those who know, born in Yin and Yang, and in several strokes. They have festivals to eat and drink, and their lives are regular and not hard. " "Virtual evil is a thief wind. Sometimes if you avoid it, you will feel nothing, and the true spirit will follow. If the spirit is hidden inside, you will often get sick. " Sentences like this are found in ancient Chinese medicine books. Therefore, it is a typical, representative and intuitive choice to explore, study and learn the grammar of ancient Chinese medicine from the perspective of idioms.

The book Shortcut of Ancient Chinese Idioms is wonderful because of the author's possession and reasonable layout of a large number of materials. According to rough statistics, there are nearly a thousand idioms involved in this book. In addition to Chinese-related professional works, such as Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu, Er Ya, Ma Shi Wen Tong, Moon Hee and other allusions and rhetoric, there are a large number of ancient books that have been preserved for thousands of years. Some of them are directly derived from TCM classics, such as Huangdi Neijing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Qianjinfang, Jingyue Quanshu, Compendium of Materia Medica and so on. More of them are collected from works of other disciplines, such as Zhouyi, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zuo Zhuan, Shi Shuo Xin Yu and so on. If divided by time period, many works such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi and Xunzi occupy considerable weight. Various representative works from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties were also his main targets, such as Shuo Yuan, Huai Nan Zi, Bei Meng Lock the Eyes, Zi Tongzhi Jian and Li Guozhi in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. There are many examples of choosing the works of modern writers, generally involving the works of famous writers such as Liang Qichao, Kang Youwei, Zhang, Lu Xun and Mao Dun. Among the above works, the first choice is the official history of past dynasties, such as Zhou Li, Historical Records, Han Shu, The History of the Three Kingdoms and Jin Shu. Second, popular reading materials and folk sayings, such as Customs and Significance, Qidong Wild Tales, Records of Shan Ye in Hunan, Stories of Tea Lovers, Thousand-character Works, etc. Third, ancient and modern notes and novels that have aroused widespread concern in society, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, A Dream of Red Mansions, Continued Rongzhai, Yuewei Caotang Notes, etc. Fourthly, poems that have great influence in the history of literature, even mourning poems and sacrificial words, such as The Book of Songs, Li Sao, Xi Du Fu, Xie Shangbiao, and Wen Ji Liu Zi Hou. "Listen to God in school, listen to your heart in middle school and listen to your ears in school." (Wen Zi Morality) "Listening to God" means wandering around God and realizing the Tao for "going up". Being able to find these materials indirectly from various tool books and directly from ancient books requires understanding; Being able to control such a huge amount of data freely requires higher understanding.

The novelty of the book Shortcut of Ancient Chinese Idioms lies in the author's exploration of popular grammar expressions, which makes abstruse, difficult and boring knowledge popular, practical and interesting, and embodies a kind of creative work. The themes to be expressed in each chapter of this book are based on idioms and have distinct personalized characteristics. Some idioms and allusions also have the meaning of reviewing the past and learning new things, so as to gain new knowledge by arousing readers' memories of old learning in adolescence. Therefore, as a popular textbook of ancient Chinese medicine, it is more suitable for ordinary medical workers and students studying Chinese medicine knowledge at school to master and use. The systematic rhymes in the appendix at the end of the book attract more readers' attention with catchy charm, open more readers' ideas and stimulate more readers' enthusiasm for learning ancient medical documents. They preach from the truth, such as "it is not difficult to learn ancient Chinese, but it is not difficult because of the age, and it is not difficult for her to have shortcuts. These are all included in idioms." Word grammar and rhetoric, once mastered, will be suddenly enlightened. There are six types of overlapping words in "applied comments", which means that they generally emphasize specialization, imitate sounds and tones, and describe shapes and modalities: all kinds, everyone is dangerous, intense, magnificent, hungry, jingling, only Nuo Nuo, imitating sounds, lush, slim, radiant and Kan Kan. "If you play with these idioms carefully, you will suddenly find that a lot of profound knowledge has room for amplification in concentration, which will not only make people suddenly enlightened, but also give people a sense of enjoyment of' reading classics for a long time' (Preface to Wang Shizhen Compendium of Materia Medica).

"Language is the product of society. Without society, there would be no language. This is also a principle of general linguistics. When we learn a language, we should pay attention to its sociality. Linguists in ancient China opposed solitary evidence, which was unreliable because it lacked sociality. " The research method of logic should be "to draw a correct conclusion after induction, and then to make deductive reasoning on the premise of this correct conclusion." Only when the major premise is correct can we interpret it; If the premise is wrong, everything is wrong. "(Wang Li's My Academic Experience)" If there are no ten cases, the law will not be established. " "There are no exceptions and there is no violation of the law." (li jinxi's Detailed Explanation of Chinese Grammar Examples) According to the requirements of these two masters of Chinese studies, the Ancient Chinese Medicine Shortcut Idioms still needs to work hard on examples.

In particular, it is necessary to increase the number of idioms that can directly reflect the content of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to increase its academic content. In addition, we should pay attention to the changes of some idioms in the historical process in order to express them more accurately. For example, the sentence "Fire in July" in The Book of Songs Wind in July: "Fire" is the name of the constellation, that is, the heart. During the Zhou Dynasty, the heart appeared in the south of the sky in June of each summer calendar, and gradually sank to the west after July. "Flow" means falling, so it is called "July fire". (Dai Zhen's Supplementary Biography of Poetry) Due to precession, every year in the summer calendar, at dusk in May, the heart is already at the zenith, and after June, it goes west. (Selected translation of Yu Guanying's The Book of Songs) It can be seen that the information conveyed by the same idiom in different times is not the same, and it is impossible to completely apply history from the perspective of modern people. "Ancient Chinese Medicine Shortcut Idioms" should also further screen and identify the selected idioms, so as to make their meanings closer to the actual life. Of course, these are the icing on the cake, perhaps demanding of the author.

"Ode to his poems and read his books. I don't know this person, but? It is based on its world, and it is still there. " (Mencius under Zhang Wan) I know Professor Ma Xianjun better: in college, he is a very diligent young man and a student with excellent academic performance. After going to work, he worked harder and made great strides to become the best among his classmates. His book "Ancient Chinese Medicine Shortcut Idioms" is the crystallization of his knowledge, written with heart and worth reading.

Wenchang rd traditional Chinese medicine association