What are the characteristics of the enlightenment cultural tradition of the May 4th New Literature and the war cultural tradition since the Anti-Japanese War?

What are the "two traditions" of contemporary literature? The "two traditions" of China's contemporary literature, one is the enlightenment cultural tradition characterized by enlightenment since the May 4th Movement (hence the name "May 4th New Literature Tradition"); First, it refers to the war cultural tradition represented by the literature in the liberated areas since the Anti-Japanese War (so it is also called "the literary tradition in the liberated areas"). In learning, we should pay attention to the differences and connections between the two traditions. In terms of time, the cultural tradition of enlightenment came into being during the May 4th Movement in the early 20th century, and the cultural tradition of war came into being after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 1937. In content, the enlightenment cultural tradition is characterized by enlightenment education and spiritual criticism, which is opposite to the mainstream ideology supported by state power, while the war cultural tradition takes the original enlightenment object as the service object, forming a complex pattern in which the state ideology, the fighting spirit of intellectuals and folk cultural forms are independent and interpenetrating. Therefore, the cultural tradition of war is a negation of the cultural tradition of enlightenment in a great sense. To truly understand the relationship between these two traditions, we must understand the historical position and significance of Mao Zedong's speech at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art. From the perspective of the development of literary history, although there is a certain inheritance and development relationship between the war cultural tradition and the enlightenment cultural tradition, the war cultural tradition is not the "inevitable logical result" of the development of the enlightenment cultural tradition, but the "product of external forces of war". However, Mao Zedong's "Speech" criticized the "main manifestations of the new culture" formed since the May 4th Movement (that is, the petty-bourgeois attributes of intellectuals and Europeanized literary expressions), denied an important standard of the May 4th new culture-the western cultural model, and established another standard-the appreciation habits of China people (mainly China farmers). These two traditions sometimes complement each other and sometimes conflict with each other, which has a great influence on contemporary literature in China, or this is the process of the formation and dialectical development of various characteristics of contemporary literature in China.

What is the "first literary congress"? "The First Literary Congress" is the abbreviation of "All-China Congress of Literary and Art Workers", or it is called "another name". It is regarded as the main feature of this conference that writers who have been separated from each other for a long time in two political regions (namely, the Kuomintang-controlled area and the liberated area) "join hands". However, this meeting was held against the background of criticizing writers in Kuomintang-controlled areas and enthusiastically affirming the creation of liberated areas. Therefore, many famous writers who have made important contributions in the history of modern literature, such as Shen Congwen, Zhang Ailing and Zhu Guangqian, were excluded from the conference. This situation was avoided in the previous literary history. We put it forward today, on the one hand, to let everyone know the "first literary congress" comprehensively and objectively, and on the other hand, to let everyone know more clearly the influence of the obvious tendency of the "first literary congress" on contemporary literature through this phenomenon. The "First Literature Conference" is a symbol, which not only marks the beginning of China's contemporary literature, but also marks the "literary tradition in the Liberated Area" (that is, "cultural tradition of war") moving from the Liberated Area to the whole of China, and the direction of literature in the Liberated Area will become the only direction of future literature development. Therefore, the literature representing two different traditions is very important at this conference, and their position in the future development of literature is also very important. In the early days of contemporary literature, many young writers who entered the literary world directly from the army quickly became the main force of literary creation, showing a new look of contemporary literature, which should be said to have a very important relationship with this. Many writers who made important achievements in the history of modern literature, except a few people such as Lao She, failed to continue to create brilliance in their creation, which is also related to this.