Traditional entertainment of Yi people

The Yi people have formed various competitive events with unique styles, such as jumping matches, climbing oil rods, playing top, horse racing, bullfighting, wrestling, squatting, grinding autumn, rattan autumn, archery and so on.

Generally speaking, the folk competitions of the Yi people are held in ceremonial occasions such as weddings, funerals, sacrifices or celebrating harvest. Competition is the competition of strength and skill. In this kind of competition, the Yi people have formed various unique competitive events, such as jumping the fire rope, climbing the oil pole, playing the top, horse racing, bullfighting, wrestling, squatting, grinding autumn, rattan autumn, archery and so on, which are the main contents of the Yi folk festival competitive activities.

rope skipping

Skipping rope is a unique competitive activity of Yi people, which is often held on holiday nights. First twist a match rope about three meters long with rattan, and the length of the rope can also be determined according to the height of the person. Then, tie cloth strips, cotton yarn, etc. And soaking vegetable oil, tung oil or kerosene in the rope. Draw a starting line and a finishing line in the stadium. During the competition, the match rope is lit first, and at the command, the contestants hold both ends of the match rope with both hands and jump forward like skipping rope. The burning matchrope dances up and down like a dragon, and the athlete who reaches the finish line first wins. The distance of the race varies from place to place, usually between 30 and 50 meters. Regardless of the outcome of the game, it is considered a foul for a player to run or walk with a fire rope.

Climbing pole

Oil pole climbing is a folk competitive activity in Yao 'an Yi Township, Yunnan Province. Every time a man and a woman get married, the man will install a tall and slippery pine pole in advance, peel off the bark and tie some oiled paper to the pole. If one of the woman's brothers or cousins can climb the pole, there will be a glass of sake to congratulate him at the man's wedding. If the woman's representative can't achieve the goal, choose one of the man's brothers or cousins to climb, and the method is the same. The oil rod climbing was later accepted as a folk sport, and the victory was to climb the top of the rod and light firecrackers.

top

Playing top is a popular competitive activity among Yi people. The first month of 16th is the Gyro Festival in Yi nationality area in southern Yunnan. Before the competition, a ceremony will be held to worship the Gyro God, that is, the last Gyro of our team will be put on the ground, and the contestants will knock it in turn to pray for victory in the competition. The top of the Yi people is flat-topped with wood. It is made of hard and delicate wood. Cover with cow dung for about a month, wash and dry, and then carve. The coat is as big as a catty and as small as two or two, and the children's coat is exquisite and small. It is particularly important to crush the gyro (called Gyro God) in the competition. The competition is divided into two related events, namely, drawing lots and playing. Draw-and-turn competition: Party A and Party B each send a player as a competition group, and their gyroscopes rotate and land at the same time according to the password issued by the referee. Those who win for a long time win more times and the gyroscopes beat the opponents' gyroscopes. After the spinning competition, a matching competition will be held, and the losing side will spin the gyro for the winning side to play. The specific gameplay is: draw a line on the ground. The winner must start playing from this line, and if he crosses the line, he will be punished. A gyro team of five or six people, as long as it hits, turns around and wins another round, even if it wins once, it will continue to play. The final victory is that the gyro god can hit and win the other side. If the gyro god just grazes the other side's gyro, making the other side's gyro god turn faster, and his gyro stops first, it becomes a loser.

horse race

Generally, an oval path is opened on the dam for horse racing. The competition is divided into two forms: trot and running, with elimination system. That is, the riders enter the racecourse at the same time to start the race, and whoever persists to the end will win. Some riders have to run more than 100 laps (equivalent to more than 20 kilometers) to win. At that time, the riders will all wear festive costumes, silk red cloaks, saddles and reins painted with exquisite patterns, which are very eye-catching. There is also a riding performance called "Swimming Forward" in the Yi race. That is, the rider lies on his back and slowly waves his whip. The horse walked slowly with its neck down, its mouth almost touching the ground. At the end of the performance, the rider announced the name of the horse, the owner's name and his own name, and the audience shouted their admiration.

bullfight

The bullfighting of Sani Yi people in southern Yunnan is unique. Bullfighting competitions are held during the Torch Festival every year. Before the bullfight, each village should select representatives to attend the semi-bull meeting, select fat cows to bring to the meeting place, and the villagers should wear red and green to watch. At this time, a prestigious person announced the beginning of the conference. Suddenly, gongs, drums, trombones and firecrackers rang, and couples of young men and women pulled up the big three strings and danced happily outside. A spherical "Ayabeni" is hung on the wooden pole beside the stadium. Whoever wins will be hung. After the game began, the owner of the cow led a bull with a big horn and a pointed head into the stadium and accepted the referee's eyes. At one command, the owner released the bulls and let them fight according to the pre-selected opponents and elimination procedures. The fierce bull raised its hoof and tail, bravely rushed to the other side, and butted diagonally until it defeated the other side. The cow that wins five times in a row wins. The bullfighting of Liangshan Yi people is usually held during the Torch Festival. Torch Festival is coming, which is the busiest day for cattle owners. As soon as the chickens crow, they drive the bulls to vilen to drench the dew, eat grass, and some even feed them eggs. Before the game, the cattle were driven to the stadium to familiarize themselves with the terrain. On the Torch Festival, the cattle owner sharpened his horns, waved sticks to cheer and drove the cattle into the stadium. There are hundreds of cows in each village. Generally, it is a one-on-one competition, and the elimination system is implemented. The winner can get a prize, and everyone cheers loudly to congratulate him.

wrestling

Wrestling is the most common festival competitive activity in Yi area, with a long history and unique form. Yi wrestling has different categories and wrestling methods.

Wrestling in southeastern Yunnan is represented by Lunan and Maitreya. Lunan, Yunnan has the reputation of "hometown of wrestling". Wrestlers are warriors selected by each village, and volunteers, passers-by guests and wrestlers from neighboring counties are also welcome to participate in the competition. They went into battle shirtless, with green cloth and red towels on their heads. According to the rules of the game, after the two sides meet, they wrestle with each other. When they fell on one shoulder, they lost, winning two out of three, regardless of time limit. Sometimes a game takes more than an hour. Everyone in Sani loves wrestling, and every village has wrestling experts. The winning soldier not only brought honor to the village, but also won the love of the girl. In order to cultivate famous hands, wrestling training began in childhood. Every competition is also specially arranged for children to participate. Wrestling is also one of the important activities of Liangshan Yi Torch Festival. There are many ways to fall, standing, running, supporting, grasping the belt with both hands and falling by strength and skill. The wrestling style circulating in Puge County is more unique, and the winner is the player who is overwhelmed by the other side. However, it is not easy to be overwhelmed and win.

Liangshan wrestling is called "Geegon" in Yi language, which means "holding the waist". This is the most popular sport of Liangshan Yi people among young people. Wrestling is usually practiced as a child. Without a teacher, it can be said that it is self-taught. Whenever you walk through Yi villages, you can see Yi people holding wrestling competitions in pastures or fields in Shan Ye.

There are many rules in Liangshan Yi people's wrestling competition, such as: you can't trip each other with a trip; You can't catch your opponent or push him to the ground or overwhelm him from top to bottom and so on. Offenders will not win even if they throw him to the ground, but will be teased for not knowing the rules, and no one will wrestle with him in the future. So in wrestling, there are not many offenders. There are many kinds of cool wrestling, which can be summarized as follows: 1. The method of "relying on Burma" means "wrestling". Before wrestling, find a cloth belt to hold the opponent's belt or tightly hold the opponent's waist. One side is attacking and the other is defending. After the offensive and defensive troops were pushed back, the attacker lifted his knees and threw the other side to the ground. When the attacker is weak, the defender will attack and throw the attacker to the ground. "I" means wrestling. Hold each other up and stick them on your chest, then bend back, so that they fall to the left and right under the support of your chest and the thrust of your elbow. The third type is "blocking stiff", which means "holding the waist and falling". From the beginning, make your opponent unable to move or lose his defensive ability, then take a step back, drag him to your side, let him fall under you, or pick him up in the middle and shake him to the left, and then suddenly turn his backhand to the right. If the other party is not prepared, he will fall even worse. But no matter what kind of throwing method, except tripping or winding the opponent's feet with their feet to make them fall to the ground, the loser is usually the one who falls or falls to the ground first, and is tied at the same time. The winner is decided in three sets in each game, with 2-0/kloc-0 or 3-0 as the winner.

East Yunnan wrestling is located in Shizong and Luoping in Qujing area. He wrestled topless with a belt. As soon as he entered the court, he took the initiative to explain to the referee that he had participated in a certain level of competition today.

Referees decide the grades according to the grades reported by athletes, that is, the first, second and third grades, and only the first and second places are awarded for each grade.

Two athletes played a game, three strikes and two wins, and one side won. Wrestling begins with standing, in order to let the opponent fall on his shoulder and look for opportunities to attack. High posture can achieve the purpose of attack. Some attackers will attack each other first, but they are not controlled by each other. This action is a bit like the judo "Bart". Grasp the opponent's neck with the right hand, hold the opponent's right upper arm with the left hand, and move the opponent's center of gravity back. When the opponent leans forward, he will take the initiative to fall back, kick the opponent's abdomen or leg with his right foot, and then roll back, so that his hand will turn over and he will turn over to control the opponent. In this wrestling, he must lower his shoulders before the referee can decide who won.

In Yunnan-style wrestling naked competition, the referee will arrange for the athletes to wait for the competition together. The game is one-on-one hit from the beginning, and you can only stumble when you stand low. When you use your own movements, you can't step in the middle of the opponent's feet, or you will be fouled. In this respect, the frontal attack of wrestling is less than the back attack. The way to win is basically to let your opponent fall on his shoulder. But after being picked up by the other party, some fell on their shoulders and gave up. The winner fell on his shoulder and walked away.

Wrestling in northwest Yunnan, located in Xiaoliangshan, northwest Yunnan, is a wrestling in the northern dialect, calling itself "waist wrestling". Generally speaking, during the Torch Festival and the Yi New Year, wrestling competitions are often held at weddings. When getting married, the bride's family can invite the most powerful and skilled people in the family and village to participate in the competition. The strongest wrestler will represent the woman's family, and the winner will be rewarded with wine, meat and gifts, so the winner is the glory of his clan and village. In Litu, I was rewarded by my family and village (gifts such as cattle and sheep, wine and meat, silver, cloth, etc.). ) The person who has the most is regarded as a hero.

Squat bucket

In Yi language, "Wabu Ji Ze" means fighting between cocks, which is one of the traditional competitive activities of Yi people. It imitates cockfighting. Both sides take a semi-squat posture, with their hands and palms folded on their chests, looking like a cock with its head held high, accompanied by lusheng, or pushing, or bumping shoulders, or jumping up and squatting down, with hands and arms touching the ground first to lose. This competition requires athletes to be flexible and elegant.

shoot an arrow

Archery is usually held at festivals and when celebrating harvest. Bows are mostly made of wood, with bamboo pieces attached to the back, horn pieces embedded inside and wire hoops around them. They are painted with paint. They are beautiful and elastic. Bowstring is twisted into four strands with hemp rope, and then twisted into one strand. Set a set of sleeves at both ends and tie a bow when you use them. The quiver is waist-drum-shaped and hangs obliquely under the left armpit. There are two kinds of arrows; One is an arrow, which is used for fighting and hunting; The second is to practice arrows and use arrows in shooting competitions. During the competition, men from every village go to the stadium with bows and arrows, and often start the competition on the way to see who can shoot far and accurately, and then shoot the target after arriving at the stadium. Generally, wood and stone are used as targets, and those who hit the target win.

Morciu

Also known as "rolling autumn", "rolling autumn" and "turning autumn", it is one of the traditional entertainment and competitive activities of the Yi people, usually held on the New Year's Festival or Torch Festival. At that time, a wooden stake with a height of about one meter and a diameter of about 50 cm will be erected on the flat dam, and its top will be cut like a grinding shaft. Then a crossbar with the same thickness and a length of about six meters will be placed in the center of the stake, which can rotate flexibly. Because it looks like a mill and a swing, it is called "Moore Hill". When playing Moore Hill, the number of people at both ends is equal, usually one or two people, both men and women can. When turning, they jump up and climb the two ends of the crossbar together, lie prone or sit on the pole, and pedal hard in the same direction, so that the swing keeps flying. At the same time, when they kick the ground, they jump up and do tumbling, tumbling, riding a pole and other actions, which is very wonderful. During the competition, each team will participate in the competition as a village or family. To win with tenacious endurance, the first party to stop autumn is to lose.

Fujisaki

Living in mountainous areas, the Yi people draw warm pictures on old trees and rattan when the deep streams are separated and the traffic is very inconvenient, which leads to the folk competitive activities of rattan in autumn. The stadium is chosen between two mountains, and the wild vines on the mountains are used as autumn ropes to set up swings between the two mountains. It is very exciting for people who swing to fly from one mountain to another. Competitors must not only have enough courage, but also master the skills of flying over in order to get up, fly over and settle down accurately.

Diving cattle

When the buffalo walks, it starts to run and jump on the back of the cow, which is similar to jumping on a wooden horse. Only those players who are skilled and have good jumping ability can hope to win.

Most of the entertainment and competitive activities of the Yi people are not isolated or carried out alone, but often combined with production and life, especially festivals, which add a healthy, interesting and lively atmosphere to Yi people's life and become an important symbol of Yi folk customs.