The historical process of the development of Sino-German musicology

-A human art created in heaven

First, the corresponding relationship between dance and music

As early as more than 3,000 years ago, the ancients in China combined music, dance and poetry together, collectively called "music". An article said: "Music without dance is like a deaf person who knows a friend but can't see it;" Dancing without happiness is like a mute who knows but can't speak. Music and dance are combined into one, which means harmony. "How vividly the ancients discussed the inseparable relationship between dance and music. Many facts have proved that dance and music are inseparable. As we all know, music expresses human emotions through three basic elements: rhythm, melody and harmony. There are also three corresponding aspects when dance cooperates with it. Namely: ① the rhythm of music and the rhythm of dance; (2) the singing of music melody and dance movements; ③ The harmony of music and the interweaving of dance movements. Let's explain it from these three aspects.

(A) the rhythm of music and dance rhythm

It should be said that all the rhythms of dance come from the specific rhythms of music. Music rhythm is the basis of dance movements, and rhythm is one of the basic elements of dance movements. It can also be said that the essence of dance movement rhythm is rhythm, and the perception of rhythm is called rhythm.

In dance, rhythm is a part of dance. It is not divorced from the human body, nor is it a means to contrast human movement. It should be the external embodiment of the internal rhythm of the human body. Comparison of high and low range of dance movements, prone; Distinguish between strength and severity; Speed, cadence and so on are all reflected in the rhythm of music, which can show the rich emotions of human beings.

In folk dance, the style of dance is expressed through different rhythms. For example, there are three forms of Tibetan folk dance: tap dance, Heizi dance and Guozhuang dance. The same action is mainly in the form of up-and-down movement, but due to the different rhythm processing, different action attributes are formed. Kicking, the knee moves up and down quickly, forming a dynamic law of up and down vibration; Black boy, the frequency of knee joint movement slows down, forming a dynamic flexion and extension law; The dynamic rhythm of Guo Zhuang is still dominated by flexion and extension, but the rhythm is powerful and the overall sense of movement is heavy. Therefore, Tibetan folk dance has effectively trained the dancers' sense of rhythm with its rich rhythm and dynamic changes. Another example is the "Gugeli" in Korean folk dance, which has a uniform and slow rhythm and shows implicit feelings; An Dan shows a lively and clear rhythm by jumping. "It Makes" shows a deep and powerful rhythm. These different rhythms provide very rich and effective training materials for training dancers' inner rhythm and expressive force.

In dance, we often see that movements have no sense of rhythm, which is sometimes due to the teacher's negligence in cultivating students' sense of rhythm; Sometimes it is often caused by the dancer's inexperience in dancing skills. No matter what the situation, it is very important to learn to dance if you don't respect the rhythm of music or break the continuity of music in order to accommodate the dancers.

Generally speaking, it is harmful and useless. Therefore, one of the important means of music education for dancers is to strengthen the training of their rhythm through dance learning.

(B) the melody of music and the singing of dance movements

In dance, the use of breathing during human movement is the same as singing. It should be skillfully integrated into the melody of music. Unify and coordinate the dance movements with the melody of music, from every phrase and paragraph until people feel that every note of music seems to flow out from the dancer's fluttering dance and be "sung" by the dancer himself. Make dance full of singing, and make music an intuitive, vivid and touching artistic image.

In folk dance, the perfect combination of breath and melody is very important. For example, in Korean folk dance, the use of breath is a major feature and an important link. People often regard the use of breathing as the continuous development of movements and the internal strength of grasping movements. In dance movements, great attention is paid to music melody and breathing throughout the whole movement process, throughout all parts of the body, and even to fingers, ankles and toes. From this point of view, paying attention to the coordination of melody and breathing is of great significance for mastering the style characteristics of national folk dance, improving the artistic accomplishment of dancers, cultivating inner feelings and realizing the unity of spirit and form. All have special training value and significance. In addition, in folk dance, the connotation and individuality of dance are expressed through different musical melodies.

In the "body rhyme" of classical dance, charming action elements such as "lifting weight", "leaning", "holding shame" and "twisting horizontally" are practiced. If there is no suitable music melody accompaniment, or dancers have no inner feelings about music melody, dance movements can not be fully expressed in breath and emotion. Really completing the combination of body and rhyme is not only the action in place, but also very important to the performance of music melody. Dancers' movements should run through the music melody, and every dance and breath should be reflected in the music melody.

While mastering the essentials of action, the feeling of music can not be ignored. The same dance combination and different melodies will produce different artistic effects. The dancer's aesthetic consciousness is effectively reflected by the perfect combination of music melody and dance.

(3) The interweaving of harmony and dance in music

The harmony of music has the characteristics of stereoscopic and timeliness. Because of its diverse acoustic effects, it has become a performance factor in shaping the image of music. Can set off the image, supplement the image, change the image, compare the image, and form the music image independently. In dance, the interweaving of movements, the arrangement of the stage and the application of these creative techniques, just like the harmony of music, have three-dimensional and timeliness. For example, the same dance clip, comparing the ups and downs of the action; Interweaving and modeling among dancers; The layering and fluidity of stage scheduling; Have fully demonstrated this feature. In dance works, the interweaving of movements and stage scheduling has become one of the important means to shape the image of dance, which plays a role in setting off, supplementing and contrasting the image.

When enjoying the dance, understanding the music and harmony of the works will help them to deeply understand and analyze the connotation and creative ideas of the works they appreciate. For example, the group dance Red Symphony performed by the Song and Dance Troupe of the General Political Department adopted the music of the large symphony Ode to the Red Flag and arranged a grand and passionate dance. Against the backdrop of the symphony, the dances are one after another, the movements are intertwined, and the formation flows and changes, just like using rich.

"Dance is the richest, purest and most diverse body movement art." For example, ballet is the most typical style of western dance. " The spatial style of ballet is elegant and unpredictable. Its body shape and clothing modeling are integrated, and it has a simple and beautiful charm. Its smoky, dreamy light dance can arouse the infinite illusion of space, or can be transformed into an intoxicating dynamic and virtual spiritual sculpture style for people to watch from all angles. "Not only ballet, but also other dances, such as disco and break dancing, are also very lyrical. Generally speaking, dance is a kind of expressive art, not a reproducible art, and it brings people to a fantastic and wonderful state. In the general concept of dance art, music stimulates people's hearing and makes people imagine. Through the auditory sense of music and the visual effect of dance, it is easier for people to accept and more specific artistic images are presented to the audience. So music has become an inseparable and important part of it. Let's look at their similarities.

(A) * * * rhythmic

The similarity between dance and music is rhythm, which is the natural basis of their combination. Both dance and music have a sense of rhythm, and dance needs music to strengthen the sense of rhythm. The fundamental reason why primitive dance was combined with music from the beginning lies in rhythm. In a deeper sense, people's rhythmic movement naturally needs music, so all kinds of rhythmic collective labor in past dynasties have labor songs. As a free and rhythmic expression of emotional impulse, dance naturally needs the cooperation of music. Of course, what can be combined with dance is not any music, but music with distinct rhythm. Music was originally combined with other arts, such as drama, film and poetry. But dancing is the easiest and must be combined because they have the same rhythm.

Wu Xiaobang, a dancer from China, has proved this in theory and practice. He believes: "Any dance must be expressed by its artistic image through music, so that its' meaning' can be fully expressed." He also publicly claimed that he "got the image of dance" from March of the Volunteers, and he also pointed out that "this is a kind of unaccompanied dance. Although there is no sound, he also has a movement from silence to rhythm, which will make people feel that silence is better than sound. " Although some dancers strive to create works without music accompaniment in order to emphasize the independence of dance art, we still use walking kicks instead of music accompaniment, and use foot bells and hand bells to make rhythmic sounds with body movements. Broadly speaking, this rhythmic sound is the basic element of music. The dance Silent Song directed by China dancer Wang et al. shows Zhang Zhixin's fierce struggle in prison. It is a dance work without music accompaniment, but it is equipped with sound effects such as wind, underwater sound, shackles and flogging. In fact, this sound itself belongs to music in a broad sense, because it has rhythm, rhythm, pitch and timbre. In a word, dance and music cannot be separated.

(B) abstract and concrete lyrics

The similarity between dance and music lies in lyricism. Voice is closely related to people's emotional and spiritual life and has the impact of pure feelings. Plato, an ancient Greek aesthete, believed that rhythm and melody would permeate the soul, and the good and evil of musical character would make the listener's soul beautiful or ugly. So some people define music as "emotional shorthand" and "emotional language"; Dance art is also lyric art, the difference is that music expresses emotion through the rhythm and melody of sound, while dance expresses emotion through the rhythm and melody formed by human body's action strength, intermission, rotation, relaxation, speed, strength and rigidity. The expression of music is abstract and will not overlap, contradict or interfere with the concrete expression of dance. The performance of dance is concrete, more specific to the melody rhythm. In this way, music can be seamlessly combined with dance.

(3) Synchronization of time and space

Dance and music are both space arts displayed in the process of time. So that they can be synchronized and combined. Music is the art of time, and dance is the art of time and space. If the dance related to listening to songs is embodied, a single dance and a single music can't achieve the effect. Dance and music are two sides.

Dance with the symphony of Ode to the Red Flag.

Anyway. Defining the corresponding relationship between music and dance is conducive to cultivating dancers' sensitivity to music, making them good at capturing dance images from music, and making their every step and every shape more perfectly expressed through music. The high unity of music image and dance image; Music rhythm, melody and harmony are integrated with dance movements, modeling and arrangement; Let music become the art of "seeing" through dance; Let dance become an art of "listening" through music.

Second, the role of music in dance

(1) Cooperate with and help dance to express emotion, embody personality and set off the atmosphere.

Dance needs the stimulation and reinforcement of music. Without music, it is difficult for dance to fully express its feelings. Music has the characteristics of direct infiltration into people's hearts, and the appreciators often experience the feelings expressed in music as their own inner feelings. Dancers certainly have a deeper feeling and understanding of music as part of their works. This kind of feeling and understanding further stimulates the inner feelings, which are expressed through external body movements. Ulanova, an outstanding dancer, said in a dancer's self-report that when she played Maria in the fountain of saraj, Bakhti, her "starting point" was to understand music. She also said that good music is "indicating the expression and meaning of dance movements" for herself. Music can strengthen the emotional color of dance, help to understand the content of dance, and make dance more vivid and attractive. Music can directly touch the feelings of the audience, which is equivalent to adding an emotional bond between the dance and the audience, making the audience closer to the dance.

Help organize dance movements

Dance creation should be carried out in contrast with music. Because dance and music have the same rhythm, rhythm and emotional content, and they are displayed at the same time, they must be highly coordinated. There are two ways to organize a dance, one is that there is music before the dance, and the other is that there is dance before the music, but the latter is rare. An excellent choreographer first conceives dance, then imagines dance music, and then designs music. The composer writes the music according to the requirements of the director to see if it is appropriate. If it is not, he changes the music and then blends it together. There are also those who reflect the images of music into the director's brain and then imagine dancing, turning abstract musical concepts into concrete dances, which are in the majority in the dance industry.

Mr. Wu Zuqiang once said in the article "Music Structure of Dance and Others": "The task of dance and music is to express what they are trying to express by creating vivid and convincing images. Generally speaking, the biggest feature of dance music should be to help shape and establish the dance image, enrich the dance image and strengthen the appeal of the dance image.

(c) In dance and ballet, they are responsible for explaining and showing the plot.

For example, in the dance drama "What a Strong Wind", the whole dance is divided into three sections, and a tearful love story is told by narrative, memory and symbol. In the first "memory" of dance, music simulates the effect of turbulent wind through electroacoustic, from small to large, from far to near, bringing the audience into the atmosphere of the story to be told. In the first paragraph of Memories, the music changed from sadness to joy, entered Allegro, or suona played cheerful melody, string ensemble and beautiful duet, which once again brought people into that sweet memory. In the third "symbol" of dance, under the guidance of suona cry, accompanied by strong drums, loud cymbals and short and powerful performance of strings, the dance was pushed to a climax. Finally, the music came with a gust of wind, as if to blow this moving story further and let more people be moved by it. Artistic charm is embodied in the seamless integration of dance and music here.

Third, the relationship between dance and music.

The structure of cooperative artistic language makes them coordinate with each other in time and space and achieve a harmonious relationship.

I remember a master once said, "the highest state of art is to make people completely intoxicated." Indeed, the highest state of all things is harmonious, true and perfect dance. China's calligraphy and painting tend to dance, and solemn buildings also have cornices to show their dance. And no matter how these arts develop, they can't be completely separated from their mothers. The blood of dance and music always flows in the bodies of various arts.

If beautiful dance is a painted dragon's body, then music is the dragon's eyes. How can we make this dragon full of spirituality? First of all, we should draw the right eye, "fish eyes can't work, cow eyes can't work, it must be dragon eyes", and we should also draw this eye in the right position. The two must be perfectly integrated. Once the soul note longan is integrated into the graceful dance of the dragon body, the dragon will shine brightly and go straight into the beautiful fairyland.