History of Chizhou Nuo Opera

After 1949, it was regarded as "feudal superstition" and "old culture", and Nuo activities gradually declined in Chizhou, especially during the Cultural Revolution. After the reform and opening up, Chizhou Nuo, as a precious cultural heritage, has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. 1In February, 987, China Academy of Art, Anhui Art College, Anqing District Cultural Bureau, Guichi County and other units jointly held the "First National Symposium on Nuo Opera" in Chizhou. Experts and scholars from Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangxi and other provinces and cities visited the local mountain villages and watched Nuo ceremonies, Nuo dances and Nuo operas in several village communities. This is the first time that Chizhou Nuo has been shown to the outside world, and it has been highly praised. Since then, scholars from German, Japanese, Korean, Taiwan Province, Hongkong and other countries and regions have also come here for field research.

The historical and cultural value of Chizhou Nuo has been paid more and more attention by local governments. The city has set up a special protection agency to encourage and guide the healthy and orderly development of rural Nuo opera activities. At the same time, organize relevant departments to focus on excavation and sorting, and actively take rescue and protection measures. After years of efforts, four pieces of Nuo Opera Sanqu, such as Su Qin Reunion and Zhang Xian Songzi, were rescued and sorted out. Collect a complete set of Nuo art materials, mainly including scattered folk writing materials (genealogy, music score, etc.). ), physical materials (masks, long ting, clothes, etc. ) and oral and intangible materials (artist's voice, performances, etc. ). Relying on Huangmei Opera Troupe, the city's Nuo Opera Art Troupe was established, and professional actors were organized to study in the countryside, so that Nuo opera and Nuo dance scattered among the people took to the formal stage.

Nowadays, Chizhou Nuo is not only active in the rural areas of Shan Ye, Chizhou during the Spring Festival, but also goes to the whole country and the world. In recent years, Chizhou Nuo art has frequently appeared on the stage of big cities such as Beijing and Guangzhou. Especially this year 1 month, the "Auspicious Nuo Dance Troupe" composed of farmers from Mei Jie Town 10 in Guichi District came to Shanghai to perform. The original plan lasted only one week, but it was very popular. The invitee repeatedly stayed for one month 120, and the audience exceeded 65438+ 10,000. There are media in Shanghai. In August, 2000, at the invitation of Yi 'an City, the Chinatown People's Theatre Foundation in Singapore, Chizhou Nuo went abroad for the first time, showing its elegance. Subsequently, he went to Korea, Hungary, Germany, Hong Kong and other overseas performances. In June, 2008 165438+ 10, the Nuo Opera Art Troupe, composed of farmers from Yaojie Village 14, was invited to participate in the 12th French Video Art Festival with six programs, including Dancing Umbrella and Playing Red Birds, and gave an authentic performance at the Zingaro Grand Theatre.

In May 2005, Chizhou Nuo Opera was listed as the first intangible cultural heritage by the State Council. In June 2007, China Folk Writers and Artists Association named Guichi District of Chizhou City as "the hometown of Nuo culture in China".

Undoubtedly, over the past 30 years since the restoration of rural furniture in Chizhou, the highlights have become more and more dazzling. However, through its excitement, people are worried about it. Tan Jianxin, a folk Nuo opera expert in Chizhou, conducted an in-depth investigation. He believes that there are three major concerns from the current situation: First, natural villages with activities are shrinking, with more than 40 in 2000 and only more than 30 in recent years; Second, the performing arts team did not pick up. In many Nuo opera clubs, the main actors are mostly the elderly and infirm, ranging from the oldest in their 80s to the youngest in their 60s, with less than 30% middle-aged backbone actors. Once the old artist can't perform due to illness and other reasons, the whole performance will face paralysis; Third, the artistic quality has declined. With the death of a group of old artists, some of their unique skills, such as "high-pitched voice" and "jumping back", are difficult to be truly passed down. Some people also pointed out that most young people in rural areas go out to work at present and have no time to study Nuo art attentively. However, Chizhou Nuo, which mainly relies on the fragile way of inheritance, does have the worry of lacking successors.

How to protect and inherit Chizhou Nuo, a precious intangible cultural heritage, the reporter visited some experts and scholars. They believe that a long-term protection mechanism should be established first, and the government should incorporate the protection and inheritance of Nuo culture into the local important development plan, so that it can be protected by laws and regulations, supported by policies, managed by institutions, handled by personnel and guaranteed by funds. Secondly, we should attach importance to and strengthen the construction of Nuo art team. In addition to selecting "non-legacy" inheritors at all levels, we should also adopt encouraging policies to build a backbone of Nuo art for the younger generation. Third, the establishment of protected areas, Liu Jie, Mei Jie, Mao Tan, Dunshang, Lishan and other key villages as Nuo cultural and ecological protection areas. Through a series of positive support measures, we will ensure that the performances of Nuo opera in these places will not be interrupted, the venues will not be destroyed, and the team and skills will not be lost. Fourthly, to adapt to the needs of the times, create Nuo culture industry, especially according to the characteristics of Chizhou as a tourist area, and closely combine Nuo culture with tourism. By "grafting" with tourism, Chizhou Nuo culture can not only go to the market, expand its social influence, but also embark on a new road of self-protection and effective inheritance.

Chizhou Nuo has a long ancient style, which shocked the hearts of modern people with its simple and rich charm. Let's protect it together and let this ancient voice be passed down from generation to generation and never disappear.