Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - What is the essential difference between the demons in the west and the ghosts in China (not about the religious system)? What are the spatial characteristics of their existence and why?

What is the essential difference between the demons in the west and the ghosts in China (not about the religious system)? What are the spatial characteristics of their existence and why?

The cultural elements cultivated in different cultural soils are different, and the cultural products derived from different cultural elements are also very different. Ghosts have always been an important field for the development and reproduction of various folk cultures —— whether it is the Buddhist cultural circle in East Asia centered on China, the Islamic cultural circle in West Asia centered on the Persian Gulf, or the Christian cultural circle in Western Europe and North America, ghosts occupy a place in their respective religious and cultural fields. Ghost stories and ghost images are mostly rooted in folklore and folk stories, and are closely related to various ethnic groups and their traditional cultures, religious beliefs and even living habits. Through the data collection and comparative study of the object of "ghost", we can further peep at the deep differences between Chinese and western cultures and their reasons. First of all, in terms of quantity and variety, compared with western culture, China's "ghosts" are not only numerous, but also rich in variety. Ghosts in China, in a broad sense, can refer to the spirits of all things represented by demons, immortals, monsters and symbols. A ghost in China can be a soul that doesn't care about good and evil after death, an entity with a soul, or a zombie without a soul. It can be the spirit of ancestors worshipped by people, or it can be the evil existence that haunts the hearts of the living. "Ghosts" in western culture mainly refer to demons and souls. There are a large number of ghosts in China, and their image combinations even form a ghost world corresponding to human society. In addition to the same ghosts as before, they can also be classified according to different standards. For example, according to the proportion of various parts of the body, it can be divided into grotesque ghosts such as big head ghosts and half-length ghosts; For example, according to the method of death, it can be divided into foodies, drowning ghosts, tigers, plague ghosts and so on. Influenced by Buddhism, ghost images in Buddhist allusions are also common in China traditional culture, such as hag and Luo Cha ghost. In western culture, the number and image of ghosts are much thinner and their behaviors are fixed. Ghosts in western culture are stragglers and have not formed a kingdom of ghosts. The most famous independent ghost images in Christian culture are vampires and ghosts. Furthermore, from the essence of ghosts, the ghost collective in China traditional culture is like another time and space society, with good ghosts, evil ghosts and evil ghosts. People in China regard ghosts as a continuation of human beings in another world, a systematic and comprehensive continuation, and human morality can also be preserved and observed in the ghost world. Pu Songling's famous ghost novel Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio fully embodies the view that ghosts have good and evil in China's traditional culture. Lin Siniang, Lian Jia, Nie and other female ghosts in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are all beautiful and intelligent. Wang Liulang and other male ghosts are also kind and upright. Evil spirits such as painted skin and splash are extremely horrible and do great harm to people. Ghosts in western culture, especially in Christian culture, are basically the embodiment of evil and terror. Not only do they look terrible and do great harm to people, but they are not kind and basically will not be affected. For example, the ghost of Miss Will, the ghost of Otranto Castle, the vampire Drakula and the ghost of the haunted house in Bourvil are typical representatives of evil spirits. Through the embodiment of "ghost" in Chinese and western cultures in literary works, we can preliminarily explore the reasons for this difference. No matter what kind of cultural form, the formation and production of micro-ghosts are mostly immortal bodies after death, which remain in the world or other time and space after physical death. Both China folk culture and western folk culture have the saying that "the soul is immortal". On the one hand, it reflects human self-superiority, and also reflects people's attachment to life and fear of death. However, there are still great differences between Chinese and western cultures about the nature and existence of the soul. The concept of ghosts and gods is inseparable from religious culture and folk tradition. The concepts of time and space, good and evil, and karma in Chinese ghost culture all come from the basic concepts of ghosts and gods in Buddhism and Taoism. For example, Taoism advocates that people should be gods or ghosts after death, while the concept of reincarnation in Buddhism fundamentally constructs the afterlife world with ghosts as the main body. On the other hand, the types and images of ghosts in Buddhist and Taoist classics also provide prototype and imagination space for ghosts popular in folk culture. Another noteworthy phenomenon is that the "hell" in China's traditional culture is influenced by the strict hierarchical system of ethics and imperial power, and it is also hierarchical. The soul after death will be judged by Yamaraja and punished by hell according to the crimes committed in previous lives. People who were good people in their previous lives will be reincarnated after trial and enjoy the blessings accumulated in their previous lives. It can be seen that the ghost world in China's traditional culture is a reflection of the human world, and it is full of thoughts of karma, reincarnation and hierarchy of Buddhism and Taoism. In western Christian culture, the original sin of human ancestors was to be tempted by the devil. Satan, the devil, turned to God's creation-human beings after failing to compete with God for heaven, because human beings have a beautiful thing-soul. In the western ghost stories under the background of Christian culture, being lured by the devil or being used by the devil is an eternal cultural prototype model. For example, in Goethe's Faust, Dr Faust exchanged souls with the devil. In fact, ghosts in western Christian culture no longer belong to themselves, but are swallowed up and occupied by the devil. Therefore, ghosts can only be evil spirits dominated by the devil. They are bad ghosts from the soul to the bones and cannot be good.

Frankly, it was copied from the internet. But I think it makes sense. But one thing, I think, is that not all ghosts are bad.