What are the treatment methods of hypertension?

First, general treatment: the onset of hypertension is related to the dysfunction of the central nervous system, and attention should be paid to the combination of work and rest.

Second, antihypertensive drug therapy

(1) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: currently, captopril and enalapril are used.

(2) Calcium antagonists are a group of drugs with different chemical structures and different mechanisms of action. Because it inhibits the influx of calcium ions through calcium channels on cell membranes, it is called calcium channel antagonism.

Antidepressants. Commonly used drugs are verapamil, thiazides, nifedipine and nitrendipine.

(3) Vasodilator: directly relax vascular smooth muscle, dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure.

Commonly used drugs are:

1. sodium nitroprusside.

2. Long press.

3. Hydrazine bendazine.

(4) Antihypertensive drugs acting on sympathetic nervous system.

1. Central sympathetic nerve inhibitor:

(1) clonine.

(2) methyldopa.

2. Sympathetic ganglion blockers. Ardronate is often used to treat hypertensive encephalopathy.

3. Sympathetic postganglionic blockers. The storage of norepinephrine in sympathetic nerve endings is exhausted, thus achieving the purpose of lowering blood pressure.

Commonly used drugs are:

(1) guanethidine.

(2) reserpine.

4. Adrenaline receptor blockers.

(1) beta blockers; Salicylamine benzathine is an antihypertensive drug recommended by WHO. Acetyl propionamide

(2)α receptor blocker: prazosin is commonly used. Doxazosin.

(5) diuretics and antihypertensive drugs.

1. Thiazines: Dihydrochlorothiazide is the most widely used oral diuretic and antihypertensive drug.

2. Chlorpyrithione.

3. furosemide

4. aminopterin.

Third, the principle of drug treatment

(1) Individualization: According to the pathophysiological characteristics, course progress and complications of different patients, different drugs and different doses are used.

(2) combined medication.

(3) Graded treatment: For general hypertension, drugs with small side effects should be used first. If the curative effect is not satisfactory, one or more drugs with different mechanisms can be gradually added. Graded treatment can be considered.

Grade I: diuretics, beta blockers, calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can be selected.

If one drug doesn't work, you can switch to another.

The second level: combined medication, the two drugs are used together, starting from a small dose until effective, if ineffective, go to the third level.

Three levels: combined medication and combined medication of three drugs.

Grade Ⅳ: If the treatment effect of Grade Ⅲ is not good, guanethidine or clonine can be used instead.

Emergency treatment of hypertension

1. Acute left heart failure should be considered when the patient suddenly suffers from palpitation, shortness of breath, sitting breathing, cyanosis of lips and limbs, and pink foam-like sputum. He should instruct the patient to sit with his legs drooping, take oxygen in time if there is an oxygen bag, and inform the emergency center in time.

2, blood pressure suddenly rises, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, severe headache, palpitation, frequent urination, and even blurred vision, that is, hypertensive encephalopathy has appeared. Family members should comfort patients not to be nervous, stay in bed, take antihypertensive drugs in time, take diuretics and sedatives.

3. After being tired or excited, the patient has angina pectoris, even myocardial infarction or acute heart failure, precordial pain, chest tightness, and extends to the neck, left shoulder, back or upper limbs, pale face and cold sweat. At this time, the patient should be instructed to rest quietly, take a piece of nitroglycerin or amyl nitrite and take oxygen.

4, hypertension patients, accompanied by cerebrovascular accident, in addition to headache, vomiting, and even consciousness disorder or limb paralysis, at this time to let the patient lie on his back, head to one side, in order to avoid consciousness disorder, or serious vomiting will vomit into the airway, and then notify the emergency center.

Four steps of drug treatment for hypertension

Step 1: Diuretics (such as Dichlorothiazide) start with sodium excretion and blood volume reduction, or use β -receptor blockers (such as propranolol) to reduce myocardial contractility, heart rate and cardiac output, thus achieving the purpose of lowering blood pressure. If it fails, the second step of treatment is carried out.

Step 2: Two drugs can be used at the same time, diuretics plus beta blockers, or either of them, plus other antihypertensive drugs such as reserpine or methyldopa. Diuretics plus reserpine, or diuretics plus methyldopa, or diuretics plus clonine, or β -blockers (such as propranolol or metoprolol) plus hydralazine. If it is still ineffective, the third step of treatment is performed.

Step 3: Use three drugs at the same time, such as diuretic plus β -blocker plus vasodilator [such as pyridazine]. If you fail again, you can change to step 4.

Step 4: Use four drugs at the same time, including diuretics plus beta blockers, vasodilators, and other antihypertensive drugs such as verapamil.

During the treatment, blood pressure was properly controlled. After a period of consolidation, we can try to reduce the dosage, that is, gradually "step down" to reduce the minimum dosage and minimum dosage, while still stabilizing blood pressure, getting the dosage suitable for each patient, and reducing the side effects of drugs, and the curative effect can reach the best level of individuals. This step therapy is suitable for patients without complications.

Traditional Chinese medicine therapy

Pillow therapy for hypotension

According to the ninth volume of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty, "Gypsum is also called fine stone, also called cold stone, which is mainly used to treat apoplexy, cold and heat, relaxing muscles and sweating, except dry mouth, headache and elegant pain." ? A good medicine for reducing fever. "According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and folk use, it is proved that hypertension is a kind of gypsum cold and heat. Using plaster pillow to clear heat with cold can naturally adjust the normal temperature of brain and brain, make the cerebral vessels work normally, and effectively control the rise of blood pressure. Long-term use can gradually reduce blood pressure to normal level.

Qigong therapy with plaster hypotensive pillow

Generally, you can take internal static exercise, sitting posture or standing posture. Sitting posture is to sit in a chair, push your legs apart naturally, put your hands on your thighs, palms down, relax, feel comfortable, eliminate distractions, stay in your abdomen, gently close your lips, slightly close your eyes, and adjust your breathing. Standing posture is that the body stands naturally, feet are shoulder height, knees are slightly bent, hands hold the ball in front of you, the whole body relaxes and stays in the abdomen, and breathing is adjusted. 10 ~ 30 minutes each time, 1 ~ 2 times a day.

Head massage

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "the head is the meeting of all yang", and the eight veins of the twelve meridians and Qijing converge on the head, which has dozens of acupoints. Correct massage and some good daily habits can play an unexpected health care role for patients with hypertension.

1. Combing hair can promote blood circulation in the head, dredge meridians, smooth qi and blood, regulate brain nerves, stimulate secretion of subcutaneous glands, increase blood flow in hair roots, slow down premature aging of hair, and be beneficial to the removal of dandruff and greasy.

The way to comb your hair is to comb it once a day in the morning, at noon and at night, with moderate intensity, and comb all parts of your scalp for 2 ~ 3 minutes at a time.

2. Push the hair on the hairline of the ear with the jaws of both hands relatively open, with the index finger in front and the thumb behind, and push it from the hairline of the ear to the top of the head. When the jaws of both hands meet at the top of the head, lift the hair and push it repeatedly for 65,438+00 times, with a little force. The palm massages like a comb from the forehead to the brain. When reaching the back neck, the palm and fingers cross and squeeze the back neck with the palm root to lower blood pressure.

Foot massage

According to the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the foot heart is the part of Yongquan point of kidney meridian, and the palm is the part where the heart wraps Laogong point. Rubbing the foot with the palm of your hand often can tonify the kidney, regulate qi, improve intelligence, communicate the heart and kidney, make fire and water meet, prevent insomnia and dreaminess, and also have a good effect on hypertension.

Feet are closely related to the viscera and meridians of the whole body and bear all the weight of the body, so some people call it the "second heart" of human beings. It is observed that the relationship between the foot and the whole is similar to that of a fetus lying on its sole. The head is facing the heel, the buttocks are facing the toes, and the viscera are distributed in the middle of the plantar surface (sole). According to the above principles and laws, stimulating foot points can regulate the whole body function and treat visceral diseases.

Foot massage is a natural health care method based on stimulation principle to massage the reflection area of diseased organs or glands, so as to restore their original functions, achieve therapeutic effects and maintain health. It is the traditional medical method of the third medicine.

Our bodies can eliminate wastes and toxins from our bodies through metabolism. Lymphatic system, kidney, large intestine and skin scattered all over the body are the main organs to remove waste produced by metabolism. If these organs are dysfunctional, wastes and toxins in the body cannot be eliminated, and the body is naturally unhealthy.

Foot massage can significantly stimulate the reflex zones of various parts, make the blood circulation smooth, eliminate the accumulated wastes and toxins in the body, make the metabolism work normally, and finally achieve the therapeutic effect. Foot massage and "pedal magnetic massager" are recommended for treating hypertension.

Medical principles

1, as the saying goes: "Old feet get old first, old roots get tired first". There are many important acupoints on people's feet. Yongquan point, located in the depression of the sole of the foot, is related to the rise and fall of human life, so it is also called "Changshou point". Massage this point is beneficial to kidney essence and prevent premature aging. Often rubbing the soles of your feet is the secret of many people's longevity. Medical evidence shows that the eyes, nose, heart, kidney, brain and other organs have fixed reflex zones in the foot, which reflects the pathophysiological information of the human body. Therefore, massaging the foot and stimulating the local area can achieve the purpose of regulating the function of the whole body organs, which is very helpful for hypertension and can also strengthen the body.

2, promote blood circulation, is conducive to maintaining health.

Feet are farthest from the heart, the lowest position, often oppressed, prone to insufficient blood supply, blood circulation disorders. Foot massage can speed up blood circulation, enhance metabolism and regulate nerve function. It has a good effect on eliminating mental fatigue, lowering blood pressure, and treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases.

3, massage+magnetic therapy = sick and strong

Magnetism acts on human body, which has the functions of promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, lowering blood pressure, sleeping and relieving pain. Magnetic therapy and massage complement each other. During massage, skin tissue and magnetic field generate subtle bioelectricity at acupoints on the soles of feet, and bioelectricity gradually spreads around with massage until the whole body. Bioelectricity can regulate yin and yang of human body and dredge meridians. Therefore, magnetic therapy massage has a good effect on hypertension.

Due to modern means of transportation and lifestyle, our legs and feet are facing the crisis of insufficient exercise, which will accelerate the aging of our feet and whole body.

Using the pedal magnetic massager can not only stimulate the reflex zone of the foot most effectively, but also exercise the joints of the lower limbs. At the same time, the magnetic field acts on the human body, which can promote blood circulation, dredge collaterals, lower blood pressure and sleep well.

Foot bath therapy

Chinese medicine believes that the five internal organs of the human body have corresponding projections on the feet. Foot is the starting point of Yin San Meridian of Foot and the end point of Sanyang Meridian of Foot. There are more than 60 acupoints below ankle joint. If you often soak your feet with hot water, you can stimulate the acupoints of your feet, promote blood circulation, and regulate the viscera, thus strengthening your body and eliminating evil spirits.

The purpose of stress therapy. When soaking feet, the water temperature is generally kept at about 40 degrees, and it is not good to be too high or too low; Don't exceed your ankles. Soak your feet with exothermic water for 5 ~ 10 minutes, and then massage your feet with your hands.

Hypertensive tea therapy

Hypertension is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Patients should not only insist on drug treatment, but also often drink Chinese medicine to make tea, which can also play a good auxiliary treatment role.

Apocynum tea Eucommia ulmoides antihypertensive tea: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. It has good effects of lowering blood pressure, reducing blood lipid, counteracting side effects of drugs, improving immunity and preventing musculoskeletal aging. Eucommia ulmoides tea can not only relax blood vessels, but also improve the elasticity of blood vessels, restore the original elasticity of hardened blood vessels, thus restoring the self-regulation mechanism of blood pressure and achieving the purpose of lowering blood pressure.

Apocynum tea: apocynum tea's hypotensive principle is to improve the function of heart and blood vessels, reduce blood lipid and improve the antioxidant capacity of blood pressure through the natural effective components in Apocynum venetum, so as to achieve the purpose of lowering blood pressure.

Chrysanthemum tea: The chrysanthemum used should be chamomile, which is not bitter, especially the big white chrysanthemum or small white chrysanthemum produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou. Drink about 3 grams of tea each time, three times a day. You can also drink tea with chrysanthemum, honeysuckle and licorice, which has the special effects of calming the liver and improving eyesight, clearing away heat and detoxifying. Has obvious curative effect on patients with hypertension and arteriosclerosis.

Hawthorn tea: Hawthorn contains ingredients that can help digestion, dilate blood vessels and lower blood sugar and blood pressure. At the same time, drinking hawthorn tea regularly has obvious auxiliary effect on treating hypertension. The drinking method is to make tea with fresh hawthorn fruit 1 ~ 2 tablets, several times a day.

Matters needing attention in the process of depressurization

1, don't step down blindly. First of all, find out whether hypertension is caused by kidney disease, pheochromocytoma, hypercortisolism, pregnancy poisoning, arterial disease and so on. It is necessary to find out the reasons and prescribe the right medicine;

2. The dosage and types of drugs cannot be the same. Treatment should be graded according to the severity of the disease, paying attention to individual differences. Dosage varies from person to person.

3, in addition to mild or just appear hypertension, medication as far as possible not single, should be combined with medication, compound treatment. Has synergistic effect, and reduces the dosage of each medicine and its side effects;

4. Insist on long-term rational drug use, frequently measure blood pressure, adjust dosage in time, and consolidate the curative effect;

5, should gradually step down. For patients without complications, the blood pressure should be reduced to about 140/90 mm Hg. Excessive reduction of blood pressure will lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain, heart and kidneys, leading to further ischemia, from dizziness to ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.

6, rational use of antihypertensive drugs, it is not appropriate to suddenly stop taking drugs, so as not to cause blood pressure to rise;

7. Prevent emotional excitement, ensure adequate sleep and feel comfortable;

8. It is advisable to take antihypertensive drugs in the morning and avoid taking antihypertensive drugs before going to bed;

9, should adhere to a warm bath every day (40℃), the bathroom temperature should not be too low;

10, drink more mineral water and ice water (water that melts after freezing);

1 1, reduce the number of sexual intercourse, shorten the time of sexual intercourse, and be more temperate over 40 years old;

12, keep the stool unobstructed, and don't hold your breath when defecating;

13, the color of the working environment and living room is preferably green, blue and other cool colors, which can make the mood stable and not impulsive.