What are the types of opera?

There are many kinds of opera.1. Kunqu

Kunqu, also known as "Kunqiang" and "Kun Opera", is an ancient type of opera. It originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and began to flourish after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, when most of the legendary plays were sung in Kunqu. In addition to Southern Kunqu, which maintains the characteristics of early Kunqu, many branches have been formed throughout the country, such as Kunyi, Xiangkun and Chuankun in the north. The style of Kunqu is clear and soft, delicate and lyrical, and the performances are full of songs and dances, and the program is rigorous, which is the representative of Chinese classical opera.

2. Gaoqiang

Gaoqiang is a general term for a kind of vocal system of opera. It was originally known as "Yiyang Cavity" or "Eagle Cavity", because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi Province. It is characterized by simple performances, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, a person singing and the crowd, using only golden drums to beat the rhythm, without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it began to spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and formed different styles of Gaoqiang everywhere, such as Sichuan Opera Gaoqiang, Xiang Opera Gaoqiang, Gan Opera Gaoqiang and so on.

3. Bangkang Cavity

Bangkang Cavity is a general term for a kind of vocal system of opera. It originated from the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi "Shan-Shaanxi Opera", characterized by the singing of high-pitched excitement, with wooden bang knuckles. Then, it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of clapper in different regions, such as Shanxi clapper, Hebei clapper, Henan clapper, Shandong clapper and so on.

4. Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic cadences, "Xipi" and "Erhuang", which make up its musical material. It is composed of two basic tunes, "Xipi" and "Erhuang", and also sings some small local tunes (such as liu ziqiang, blowing cavity, etc.) and Kunqu opera. It was formed in Beijing around 1840 and flourished in the 1930s and 1940s, when it was known as the "National Opera". Nowadays, it is still a big opera with national influence. It is a representative of modern Chinese opera with its comprehensive lines, mature performances, and beautiful atmosphere.

5, appraisal drama

Appraisal drama, the end of the Qing Dynasty in Hebei Luanxian area of the small song "counterpart of the Lotus Flower" based on the formation of the rural areas of Hebei, and then entered the Tangshan, called "Tangshan drop". 1920s or so in the northeast region, the emergence of a group of female opera singers and the emergence of a number of women. After the 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera, Hebei Opera and other styles, the performance of Pingju Opera became more mature, with the emergence of schools such as Bai Yushang, Xi Cailian and Ailianjun, etc. After 1950, plays such as Liu Qiao'er, Flower as Matchmaker, Yang Sanjie Sue, Qin Xianglian and so on had a great influence on the whole country, and famous performers such as Xin Fenghia, Xiaobai Yushang, and Wei Rongyuan appeared. Famous actors such as Xin Fengxia, Xiao Bai Yushang and Wei Rongyuan appeared. Now the opera is still popular in Hebei and Beijing

6. Hebei Opera

Hebei Opera

Hebei Opera, that is, popular in Hebei and Beijing, originated from the Shan-Shan Opera, which is located at the junction of Shan-Shaanxi, and then passed on to Hebei through Shanxi, and was formed by combining the dialects of Hebei and Beijing. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper cavity with the banging and beating of the knuckles, and the singing voice is soaring and agitated that it is good at performing tragic plots. Famous plays of Hebei Opera include Butterfly Cup, Regulator Chopper, Du Shiniang, etc.

7. Jin Opera

Jin Opera, also known as Zhonglu Bangkas, was developed from Shan-Shan Bangkas on the border of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of the Shanxi language. It is now popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper clapper with banging knuckles, and the music style is soft and delicate in addition to being high-pitched. The performances are popular and simple. Famous plays include "Playing the Golden Branch", "Small Feast" and "Selling Paintings and Splitting Doors".

8, Pu Opera

Pu Opera, also known as "Puzhou Bangkas", by the Shanxi, Shaanxi junction of the Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas development, a said that this is the original Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas. It is now popular in southwest Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, and is similar to Qinqiang in sound and Shaanxi dialect. Famous plays include Hanging Pictures, Killing Dogs, and Killing Stagecoaches.

9, Shangdang Bangkas

Shangdang Bangkas, one of the four major bangkas in Shanxi, was developed from the "Puzhou Bangkas" in southwest Shanxi, and is popular in the Shangdang area of southeast Shanxi. In addition to the clapper, it also sings Kunqu, Pihuang, and Luoluo cavities. The repertoire includes "Three Passes and a Banquet" and "East Gate Meeting".

10, Yan Opera

Yan Opera, also known as the "North Road Opera", developed from the "Puzhou Opera", popular in northern Shanxi and Hebei Zhangjiakou, Inner Mongolia. It is said to have had a great influence on the formation of Hebei Opera. The repertoire includes "Blood Handprint" and "Jinshui Bridge".

11, Qinqiang

Qinqiang, a local opera in Shaanxi Province, also known as "Shaanxi Bangzi", is the earliest Bangzi, formed around the middle of the Ming Dynasty. The performance is rough and simple, the singing voice is high and exciting, and its voice is like a roar, which is good at expressing tragic plots. The repertoire includes Butterfly Cup, Turtle Mountain, and Three Drops of Blood.

12, two people Taiwan

Two people Taiwan, popular in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Hebei Zhangjiakou area of the opera, in Inner Mongolia and Shanxi folk songs and folk tunes on the basis of the formation, and later absorbed the performance of the Jin Opera elements and gradually mature. The performance has a strong flavor of life, and the lyrics are popular. The repertoire is mostly small plays that express the rural life, such as "Going to the West" and "Five Brothers Herding Sheep".

13, ji opera

ji opera, popular in jilin province, ji opera. 1950s in the northeastern "duo" on the basis of the development of the tune of the light, the words of the common, the performance of the simple and fiery, the repertoire of the "yanqing sell line", "the bag of public compensation," and so on.

14, Longjiang Opera

Longjiang Opera, popular in the Heilongjiang region, in the 1950s in the Northeast, "two people", pull the field play, shadow play and the local folk songs on the basis of the formation of the performance of light-hearted and humorous, vulgar lyrics. The repertoire includes "Double Lock Mountain" and "Arakudo Baoyu".

15, Yu Opera

Yu Opera, also known as "Henan Bang Opera". It was developed in the late Ming Dynasty by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes with the Shan-Shaan Opera, and is now popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. The original Yu Dong tune, Yu Xi tune, Xiang Fu tune, Sha He tune four major schools, now Yu Dong, Yu Xi tune is the main. There have been famous Dan actors such as Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin, etc. The repertoire includes Mu Guiying Hanging Up. The repertoire includes Mu Guiying Hanging up the Marshalship, Red Lady, Flower Fighting Dynasty, Pair of Flower Guns, and the modern play Chaoyang Gully.

16, Yue tune

Yue tune, the local theater in Henan, popular in Henan and northern Hubei, because of the "four strings" as the main accompaniment, so also known as "four strings". The music is mainly in the form of plate cadences, but also sings the song. Famous actors include Shen Fengmei. The repertoire includes "Collecting Jiang Wei", "Li Tianbao Recruitment", and "Zhuge Liang Hanging Filial Piety".

17, Henan Qu Opera

Henan Qu Opera, Henan Province, the local theater, popular in Henan Province and the northwestern region of Hubei Province, by the development of the qu art "Henan Quzi". It has a soft and gentle singing style, and is famous for its tragic content. The repertoire includes "The Rolling of the Mat", "Chen Sanliang", and "The Meeting of the Flower Pavilion". （

18, Shandong Opera

Shandong Opera, Shandong Province, the local theater, popular in Shandong Province, around the Heze area, because of its ancient name of "Caozhou", so it is also known as "Caozhou Opera". It is also known as "Caozhou Bangkas" because of its ancient name, "Caozhou". It was formed by the Shan-Shaan Bangkas, which were imported to Shandong through Henan Province, and has undergone changes. The main repertoire includes "The Story of the Wall" and so on.

19, Lv Opera

Lv Opera is a local opera in Shandong Province, popular in central Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan, which was developed in the early 20th century by the folk art of folk singing, Shandong qinshu, and was named Lv Opera in 1950. The performance of Lv Opera is rich in the flavor of life, vulgar and simple, and the singing tunes are simple, easy to learn and easy to sing. Therefore, Lu Opera has a great influence in the rural areas. The repertoire includes "Wang Dingbao Borrowing Pawn", "Xiao Guxian" and the modern play "Li Er Sister-in-law remarried".

20, Huai Opera

Huai Opera, Jiangsu Province, the local theater, popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui and other regions. It originated from Jiangsu folk theater, and then absorbed the artistic factors of Huizhou Opera and gradually matured. Its performance is rough and simple. The repertoire includes traditional plays such as "Female Trial", "Three Women Robbing the Board", and new plays such as "The Golden Dragon and the Mayfly", etc.

21. Shanghai Opera

Shanghai Opera, a popular local opera in the Shanghai area, originated from the folk songs of Pudong in Shanghai, and then formed into the Shanghai Tangling tunes, which were influenced by the Suzhou Tangling tunes. it was performed as a civilized opera in the form of a play in the 30s of the 20th century in Shanghai, and was named Shanghai Opera. The repertoire is mostly modern, such as "Crowing and Laughing in Marriage", "Lohan Money", "Ludang Fire" and so on.

22, burlesque

Burlesque, popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places of the opera. Originally from Shanghai's "one-man show", later developed into a burlesque, mixed tunes, comical performances. The main repertoire includes "Three Hairy Students", "One, Two, Three, March", and so on.

23, Yueju Opera

Yueju Opera is a local opera popular in Zhejiang Province. It originated from the "Dudu Class" in Sheng County, Zhejiang Province, and entered Shanghai around 1916, performing under the name of "Shaoxing Wen Opera". The name "Yueju Opera" was used after 1938, and in 1942 the female actors of Yueju Opera, led by Yuan Xuefen, transformed their performances and singing, absorbing the strengths of drama and kunqu, and forming a soft and delicate style of performance. There are many artistic schools such as Yuan (Xuefen) school, Yin (Guifang) school, Fan (Ruijuan) school, Fu (Quanxiang) school, Xu (Yulan) school and so on. The repertoire of Yueju Opera includes "Sisterhood of the Xianglin Sisters", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Dream of the Red Chamber", "Five Daughters Bidding for a Happy Birthday", "The Story of the Western Chamber", etc.

24, wu opera

wu opera, popular in zhejiang jinhua area of local theater, also known as "jinhua opera". It is a multi-voiced theater. Its voice cavity consists of Gaoqiang, Kunqu, Tanlong, Hui tune, etc., each with its own repertoire and performance characteristics. The repertoire includes "Monks and Nuns Meeting", "Peony Class", "Broken Bridge" and so on.

25, shao opera

Shao opera, popular in shaoxing, zhejiang, ningbo area of local theater, formed in the late ming. With "three-five-seven" and "two-fan" as the main voice, the performance is characterized by martial arts, and the style is rough and simple. The repertoire includes "Three White Bone Demons", "Dragon and Tiger", "Hanging Irregulars" and so on.

26, Hui Opera

Hui Opera, popular in Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions of the opera, formed in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Department of multi-vocal theater, the main vocal cavity for the plucked, blowing cavity, Erhuang, but also sung by the Kunqu, Gaoqiang and Xipi. 1790, Hui Ban went to the Beijing for the birthday of Qianlong, and then evolved into the Beijing Opera. The repertoire is mostly historical, such as "Flooding the Seven Armies", which is based on "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

27, Huangmei Opera

Huangmei Opera, originated in Anhui opera, popular in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei. Its predecessor is the Huangmei region of the tea-picking tune, the mid-Qing dynasty after the formation of folk theater, called "Huangmei tune", sung in the Anqing dialect. 1950s in the reform of Yan Fengying and others, the performance is becoming more mature, and the development of Anhui's local opera. Famous plays include "The Match of Heavenly Fairies", "The Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden", and "Female Emperor's Son-in-law".

28, Fujian opera

Fujian opera, popular in Fujian region of the opera. Emerged in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty has been basically formed, but on a smaller scale. the early 20th century, the influence of Peking Opera is growing in scale, the sound is basically complete, including the teasing cavity, foreign songs, Jianghu, ditties, and five kinds of plate song. The repertoire includes "Refining Seal", "Swan Feast" and so on.

29, Putuxian opera

Putuxian opera, Fujian local theater, formerly known as "Xinghua play", the middle of the Ming Dynasty has fully matured, popular in Putian, Xianyou area. The music is in the form of song, and the performances are quite ancient and elegantly lyrical. The repertoire includes "Zhang Xie Scholar", "After the Reunion", and "Spring Grass Breaking into the Hall".

30, Liyuan Opera

Liyuan Opera, a kind of opera with a long history, can be regarded as the "living fossil" of opera. It has preserved many southern operas of the Song and Yuan dynasties, such as "Zhu Wen Walking Ghosts", "Jing, Liu, worship, kill", etc. After the 1950s, it also organized and performed "Dong Sheng and Li", "Setsubun" and other plays.

31, Gaojia Opera

Gaojia Opera, popular in Fujian Jinjiang, Longxi area, originated in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and then absorbed the performance factors and repertoire of the Liyuan Opera, and gradually developed into a large scale. 1920s was influenced by the Peking Opera, and gradually matured. It takes clown as its main role, and performs like a puppet with strings, which is very distinctive. The repertoire includes "Three Stars in a Row" and "Gold Star".

32, Gan Opera

Gan Opera, popular in northeastern Jiangxi Province, from the development of the Ming Dynasty Yiyang cavity, by the Yiyang cavity, Qingyang cavity, Kun cavity, chaotic bombing, and a variety of voices composed of a variety of theater. The repertoire includes Dou'e Grievance, Thorny Hairpin Story, Pearl Story, and Returning Soul Story.

33, tea-picking opera

Tea-picking opera, popular in Jiangxi opera plays, mainly sung by local tea farmers picking tea songs and dances combined with the development of folk songs and dances. Jiangxi tea-picking opera sub-division of the East, South, West, North, Medium different paths, each with its own characteristics in the performance. The repertoire has "Sun Cheng playing wine" and so on.

34, Han Opera

Han Opera, generally refers to the popularity of Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and other places in the opera, originating in Hubei region, formerly known as the "Chu tune" or "Han tune", the main voice cavity is the West Piqiang, and also sang two yellow cavity, so far, has a history of nearly three hundred years. It has a history of nearly three hundred years. The main repertoire includes "Cosmic Frontier", "Erdu Mei", "Trial of Tao Da", etc. It is also popular in Changde, Hunan and Guangdong. In addition, in Hunan Changde and Guangdong, there are also Han Opera, are multi-cavity theater, and Hubei Han Opera is very different.

35, Xiang Opera

Xiang Opera, that is, Hunan Province's local opera, popular in Changsha, Xiangtan area, originated in the Ming Dynasty Yiyang cavity, and then absorbed the Kun cavity, Pihuang and other voices, to form a multi-voice cavity, including high-cavity, low-page, Kun cavity, chaotic bombing of the theater. The repertoire is dominated by high-cavity and chaotic play, such as Pipa Tale, White Rabbit Tale, and Moon Worship Tale.

36, Qi Opera

Qi Opera, also known as "Qiyang opera", popular in Hunan Qiyang, Shaoyang area, originating in the Ming Dynasty Yiyang cavity, the voice cavity to the main high cavity, and also sang Kunqu, playing cavity. The repertoire consists of "Megilian Biography", "Jingzhong Biography", "Husband and Wife Play", "Guanyin Play" and so on.

37, Hunan Flower Drum Opera

Hunan Flower Drum Opera is a general term for flower drums and lanterns from all over Hunan, including Changsha Flower Drums, Yueyang Flower Drums, Changde Flower Drums, Hengyang Flower Drums, Shaoyang Flower Drums, and so on, which each have their own different stage language and form their own style. The performances of the Flower Drum Opera are simple, cheerful and lively, with the line of Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and Xiao Clown as the main characters, and long in the use of fan towels. The repertoire includes "Fighting Birds" and "Liu Hai Chopping Woodcutter".

38, Cantonese Opera

Cantonese Opera, popular in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia and other Cantonese-speaking areas. Formed in the early Qing Dynasty, it is a combination of the imported voices of Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Pihuang and Bangzi and local folk music. The music is in the form of a combination of plate cadences and quqiqi. The repertoire includes "Searching for the Academy" and "Guan Hanqing".

39, Chao Opera

Chao Opera, popular in Shantou, Guangdong, southern Fujian and Taiwan and other regions. Mainly influenced by foreign imports in the Yiyang cavity, Kun cavity and Han tune, formed in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in the repertoire retained a lot of Song and Yuan works, such as "Chen Sanwu Niang", "Sweeping Window Club", "Lulin Club" and so on.

40, Gui Opera

Gui Opera, popular in northeastern Guangxi and southern Hunan, was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, with a singing style based on Pihuang, as well as Kun, Gao, and Blowing accents. The repertoire includes "Robbing the Umbrella", "Picking Up the Jade Bracelet", "The Edge of the Cabinet", etc.

41, Caixiao

Caixiao, formerly known as "Tune" or "Caicha", is popular in the Guangxi area. Formed on the basis of local folk songs and dances, it has a history of nearly two hundred years and was named "Caixiang" in 1955. Its performances are free and lively, rich in the flavor of life. The most famous play is "Liu Sanjie".

42, Zhuang Opera

Zhuang Opera, popular in Guangxi, Yunnan and other Zhuang-inhabited areas of the opera, divided into two schools of the South Road and North Road. The former originated from the local "bench play", the main repertoire of which is "Wenlong and Shawnee"; the latter originated from the "double-reed play", the main repertoire of which is "Baohulu".

43, Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera is a local opera in Sichuan Province, popular in Sichuan and its surrounding areas. It consists of Kun Cavity, Gao Cavity, Huqin, Bouncing Opera, and Lantern Opera, each with its own repertoire. Sichuan Opera has a high-pitched and exciting singing voice, witty and humorous performances, and is rich in the flavor of life. The main repertoire consists of traditional plays such as The Jade Hairpin, The Willow Shade, and Catching Wang Kui Alive, as well as new plays such as Dead Water, Changing Faces, and Gold.

44, Qian Opera

Qian Opera, popular in Guizhou Province, a local opera, developed from the opera "Wenqin", mainly accompanied by the yangqin, with strong local characteristics. The repertoire includes "Zhuniang Langmei" and "Mrs. Xuxiang".

45, Dian Opera

Dian Opera is a local opera popular in Yunnan, Sichuan and parts of Guizhou, formed in the late Qing Dynasty. It consists of three kinds of vocal cadences, namely, silk string, Xiangyang tune and Huqin opera, with the silk string cadence being the main one. The repertoire includes "Niu Gao pulling the will", "break into the palace", and so on.

46, Dai Opera

Dai Opera, popular in Yunnan Province, the Dai settlement, formed in the mid-Qing Dynasty, originated from the local folk songs and dances, and absorbed the Beijing Opera, Yunnan Opera and the formation of the artistic nutrition. With erhu as the main accompanying instrument, the performance is simple and ancient, carrying songs and dances. The repertoire includes "E and Sang Luo" and so on.

47, Tibetan Opera

Tibetan Opera, that is, popular in Tibet, Qinghai and other Tibetan-inhabited areas of the opera, sung in Tibetan. Formed in the seventeenth century, mainly Buddhist stories and folklore as the performance content. Actors wear masks when performing. The performance is divided into three parts, the first part is the opening, called "Dun"; the second part of the play, called "Xiong"; the third part of the end of the blessing, called "Zaxi". The repertoire is best known as Princess Wencheng.

48, shadow play

Shadow play, also known as "shadow play", "light and shadow play", "earth shadow play". With the light irradiation animal skin or cardboard carved into the silhouette of the characters to perform the story of the drama. The repertoire and singing style are mostly influenced by local operas, and are performed by artists who manipulate and sing at the same time, accompanied by music. Chinese shadow theater has a history of more than a thousand years. Due to the popularity of different regions, singing tunes and silhouette materials, many categories and types of theater have been formed, with the donkey shadow in the Tangshan area of Hebei Province and the cowhide shadow in Northwest China being the most famous. Among them, Tangshan shadow has developed into a comprehensive art with exquisite carving techniques, dexterous manipulation skills and lyrical singing music.