General contracting of design and construction is the only way for the development of China's construction industry?

In the new century, China will soon join the WTO, and its economy will be integrated into the global market. Facing the change of market mechanism, if China construction enterprises want to survive and develop, they must be in line with international standards in management system, update in technology and reform in management mechanism. The general contract of design and construction is the only way for the development of China's construction industry, the catalyst for improving the management level of engineering projects, and the foundation for China's construction industry to enter the international market. Design and construction general contracting is very popular in the international market. According to ENR, the contract value of industrial projects completed by 100 international contractors in the form of design-construction reached 36 billion. In Singapore, from 1992 to 1996, the annual contract value of government projects for design-construction contracts was S $0.74, S $2.32, S $4.56, S $1.39 and S $1950,000, respectively. Internationally, the translation of design-construction general contract includes: design and construction (design and construction), turnkey project (EPC) or package transaction. Literally speaking, it is what we have heard about "turnkey" and "fixed price general contracting" projects. This way ensures the owners and relaxes their spirit, so large foreign companies are happy to accept it.

Second, the status of China's project management

The research and industry practice of engineering project management in China is relatively late. 1987, the World Bank loan was introduced into the diversion system project of Lubuge Hydropower Station, and the bidding and project management were carried out in accordance with international regulations, which achieved obvious economic benefits. China realized the importance of project management for the first time, and in essence this project is a good example of design-construction general contracting. Since then, China has begun to implement the project management system, and many construction enterprises have gained some construction management experience and studied some new management methods. However, the construction market is still quite chaotic, and quality accidents, construction delays, cost overruns and even unfinished buildings can be seen everywhere. Why is this happening? There are four reasons for this:

① The government allows the "project" company to exist. In order to seize the market, the project company requires design and construction to be carried out at the same time. The traditional way only shortens the planning cycle of each link, resulting in loopholes and hidden concerns in the project. The headquarters of many projects don't even have legal personality, and these project companies will be dispersed after they are completed.

(2) The construction management department has not established nationwide networked data management, and there is local protection.

(3) The feasibility researchers of the project, without accumulating practical engineering experience, make things up, and often the settlement is greater than the budget, and the budget is greater than the budget estimate. Design and construction units are cooperative and conservative, and each has its own abacus. Many projects have no bottom and funds are overspent, so the management department can't monitor such "unfinished" projects.

(4) In project management, there is no mechanism to promote turnkey projects, which makes foreign-funded enterprises with investment risk awareness at a loss and lack confidence in domestic contracting enterprises.

Third, China's project management countermeasures

Facing the present situation of project management in China and the reality that China is about to join WTO, how to adopt a new mechanism to improve the level of China's construction industry to adapt to international development?

First of all, the construction management department should establish a nationwide network of information management, which can inquire about laws, industry norms, company status, patents and so on. While establishing and perfecting various laws and regulations, we will promote the general contracting of design and construction. On June 65438+1 October1in 2000, China officially implemented the Bidding Law passed by the National People's Congress, which provided legal protection for the healthy development of China's engineering management, embodied the principle of fair competition in the market, and also embodied China's determination to open its domestic market to meet the WTO.

At present, most domestic bid-winning enterprises sign construction contracts, and rarely sign design-construction general contracts, which is related to the construction management level in China and is also inseparable from the traditional design-bidding-construction. This traditional practice is widely adopted in our country. Generally, the design unit is entrusted to design. After completion, the owner will ask the contractor to construct according to the design drawings, and the owner will assist or hire a supervision company to supervise through the design unit. What happens is that the contractor mainly considers completing the project as soon as possible, without overspending, and is not responsible for the design drawings that are omitted or wrong; The design unit only considers the building requirements, ignoring the project cost and technical problems, and is irresponsible for the construction plan compiled by the construction unit.

I once participated in a large-scale sewage treatment project of Procter & Gamble Company in China. This fixed-price international contract was completed by a well-known construction company in Guangzhou. The project is carried out according to the traditional design-bidding-construction. Procter & Gamble invited the design supervisor to evaluate and demonstrate the construction scheme by experts. Finally, among the four large construction enterprises, this company won the Luban Award at the highest price. However, after the start of construction, the design unit found that there was something wrong with the demonstrated construction scheme, and it was impossible to do anchor and shotcrete construction in quicksand layer, so it was necessary to change it into deep mixing pile. The construction unit also found that the tender of their bidding department was wrong, and the anti-corrosion coating chosen by the design unit was not a common material, so it needed to be constructed by a professional construction team, and it was expensive. To this end, the construction unit has made many representations with Procter & Gamble on the contract issue, and the construction unit finally completed it at a loss in overtime. The employees of China Procter & Gamble, who have invested heavily in China, don't understand that outstanding enterprises in China have so many problems that they can't do turnkey projects, which makes them very hard. In fact, foreign companies entering China need contractors who can undertake turnkey projects. Especially after China's entry into WTO, China's industrial barriers have dropped, the domestic market has been internationalized, and the domestic and foreign markets have gradually merged. Foreign enterprises must take advantage of their advantages in capital, technology, management, talents and services to occupy China's domestic market, especially the general contracting market. Facing the increasingly fierce market competition, China enterprises must be market-oriented, change their business model, enhance their adaptability, strive for self-improvement, be brave in making progress, learn to survive in the competition and seek development in the struggle. On the other hand, according to the most-favored-nation treatment and national treatment after China's entry into WTO, we will gain more opportunities and enter the international market more easily. At the same time, after China's accession to the WTO, as a member country, China enterprises can enjoy the same rights and enjoy the same tariff reduction and exemption in the international market. Under the guidance of the principle of "trade liberalization", the examination and approval procedures for foreign contracted projects will be reduced, more companies will engage in international project contracting, and all these enterprises will turn to design-construction contracting.

Why do design-construction contracting companies have advantages?

(1) One unit is responsible for design and construction, which has great advantages in industrial construction contracting. The contractor can design and construct at the same time, and adopt new technology to put new products on the market as soon as possible, so as to adapt to the fierce market competition and meet the needs of the owners.

(2) The contractor has already participated in the project in the early stage of design, and can reflect his own technical knowledge of construction technology, cost reduction and construction period in the design documents, thus reducing the possibility of problems in construction.

(3) The contract contractor has unique advantages in cost control, time limit control and quality control. This makes it possible to realize a fixed-price contract.

(4) The owner only handles one unit, which is convenient for both parties to coordinate. The contractor not only provides design and construction services, but also provides financing for construction projects, training and maintenance services after completion, which is the so-called "turnkey" project.

⑤ A safeguard mechanism can be introduced. Because the design-construction contractor's responsibility to the owner is clear, the performance guarantee and payment guarantee can be carried out by legal means, which can effectively maintain the economic order, which is also the promotion and improvement of China's construction law.

⑥ After popularizing the design and construction contract, the construction management department only needs to strengthen the management of the design and construction contractor (such as stipulating that the contractor should have more than one patented technology, the number of qualified personnel, the excellent degree of the completed project, etc.). ). You can also check the fund credit guarantee of the project through the bank to prevent the unfinished project. At the same time, the fixed cost management with China characteristics can also be cancelled accordingly.

To sum up, design-construction general contracting can promote the development of the construction industry market, meet the market demand, organically combine design work with construction technology, and help enterprises develop their own fist products.

Fourthly, design the concrete form of the construction contract.

There are three kinds in common use: traditional design and construction contract and traditional design-construction contract; Construction, detailed design-construction development and; Engineering consulting organization.

① Traditional design and construction contract

In this form, in the early stage of the project, the owner finds one or several contractors who have been known in advance (or passed the pre-qualification). The contractor requires its designers to put forward plans and cost estimates according to the requirements of the owner or the design task book. The owner's design task book may only put forward some basic design requirements. Some owners may ask consulting companies to help them prepare more detailed design task books and tender instructions. Once selected by the owner, the contractor will take full responsibility for the design and construction of the project. The owner only needs to deal with the selected contractor.

② Detailed design of the construction contract

According to this practice, the owner first invites himself or a design consultant to do the concept and scheme design of the project. As long as it is detailed enough to prepare the tender documents. Then invite tenders. Require the bidding company to put forward detailed design and suggestions for completing the remaining unfinished design work, as well as design cost estimation. Companies interested in the owner's project can invite design consultants to prepare proposals. The owner generally evaluates the proposal according to the bidder's quotation.

This method can be used when the owner is uneasy about handing over all design tasks to the contractor, or wants to control the design process, but intends to let a company be responsible for the detailed design and construction of the project.

③ Consulting agency contract

Like a detailed design-construction contract, the owner first requires himself or an external design consulting company to design the concept and scheme of the project in a certain degree of detail. Then the bidding company is required to submit a proposal and cost estimate. When selecting the contractor, the owner will introduce the invited design consulting company to the contractor. The contractor signed an agreement with the design consulting company. The latter assists the contractor in detailed design, completes the remaining unfinished design work, and provides assistance during the construction stage.

Design-construction is not only applicable to the whole project, but also to some parts of the project. For example, fire protection system, wall and support design style, automatic environmental control system, etc. can be signed by professional subcontractors. Then the general contractor will be included in the whole project. The design of professional subcontractors shall be approved by the design unit and tested by relevant institutions or government departments.

These three ways can let the owner know the progress of the project in time and provide quality service for the owner.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract

Design-construction general contracting company is a new machine that quickly transforms knowledge into productivity. China should vigorously cultivate and support, and western developed countries have more experience in this field, so we should learn more. In the future, a number of key design institutes will be transformed into international engineering companies, facing the domestic and foreign markets, organizing and managing the whole construction project on behalf of the owners with their professional skills, engineering experience and project management ability, and carrying out turnkey contracting business of engineering construction projects.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd