Relatives of Shandong Dialect

The Shandong dialect belongs to the northern dialect of Jilu. As a part of Qilu culture, the Shandong dialect emphasizes order, affection, etiquette, affinity, and internal and external relations, which is a distinctive traditional cultural feature of the Chinese nation. "Only when there are old and young is a family considered." Order is the basis of political rule and family management. In Shandong dialect, kinship titles are centered on patrilineal titles, and there is strict order in the order of elders and children, and the old and the young are distinct.

To the elders and to the juniors, the seniority is emphasized, and the young and old are clearly distinguished. For example, to the elders, the father is called "master", "father", "dad", "big", the mother is called mother as "mother", "mom", grandfather as "grandfather", grandmother as "grandmother", and for every generation above, add the word "old" in front of it. The word "old" is added to each generation to show the difference: great-grandfather is called "old grandfather" and great-grandmother is "old grandmother"; great-grandfather is "old grandfather" and great-grandmother is "old grandmother"; and great-grandfather is "old grandfather" and great-grandmother is "old grandmother". The senior grandfather is called "Old Grandpa" and the senior grandmother "Old Grandma". For the younger generation, the son is called "son", the daughter is "daughter", the son of the son is "grandson", and the daughter of the son is "granddaughter".

For peers, great attention is paid to the ranking, the order of the eldest and youngest. For example, they call their grandfather's siblings Great Grandfather, Second Grandfather, Third Grandfather, Great Auntie, Second Auntie, Third Auntie; they call their father's siblings Great Grandfather, Second Grandfather, Third Grandfather, Great Auntie, Second Auntie, Third Auntie; and they call their own siblings Eldest Brother, Second Brother, Third Brother, Eldest Sister, Second Sister, Third Sister. Their spouses are also called "Great Grandmother", "Great Aunt Master", "Great Mother", "Great Aunt Husband "Great Grandmother", "Great Aunt Master", "Great Mother", "Great Aunt Husband", "Great Sister-in-law", "Great Sister Husband". In some places, such as Jiaodong, the order is more tidy, calling the father "Da", "Dad", "Dad", and the uncle "Da Da", "Da Da", "Da Da", "Da Da", "Da Da", "Da Da Da", "Da Da", "Da Da", "Da Da", "Da Da Da". ", "big father", "big father", "big father", uncle is "two big", "second father "Two dads", "two dads". Some families within three or four generations of the same generation, all in one order, appearing to be very prosperous, very large, family rule is very tight. For the younger generation, the most common phenomenon is to emphasize the order in the breast name and address, such as "old x", "x share", "x son", "x daughter". In dealing with family problems, the elders have the last word and the boss has the last word, showing the authority of the orderliness of the title.

Shandong dialect

Clan relatives and foreign relatives each form a system. Shandong dialect kinship appellation in the system embodies the speaking order and speaking of human relationships, it inherits the old custom of the patriarchal family as the center, "respect" and "pro" as the standard, forming a four major kinship appellation system: one is the paternal kinship appellation, the second is the maternal kinship appellation, the third is the maternal kinship appellation, the fourth is the maternal kinship appellation, the fourth is the maternal kinship appellation, and the fourth is the maternal kinship appellation. The first is the paternal kinship title, the second is the maternal kinship title, the third is the husband's kinship title, and the fourth is the wife's kinship title. This encompasses all the objects of respect and kinship included in a person's blood and marriage. At the same time, each system is independent of the other, each forming a system, not crossing or containing each other, and the order is very strong. "When you enter a family door, you are a family". The kinship-heavy character of Shandong dialect kinship appellation is manifested in the facial appellation of non-blood relatives.

Relative Address

For in-laws, in-person address is to be addressed with the title of blood relation. For wives, all relatives of their husbands are addressed as their husbands, that is to say, as if they were their own relatives. For example, the father-in-law is called "father", "master", "da", "dad", and the mother-in-law is called mother-in-law as "mother" and "mom", the eldest uncle as "brother", and the youngest uncle as "brother", "brother". For husbands, the wife's relatives are also called with the wife, such as, called the father-in-law as "father", "master", "da", "Dad ", mother-in-law as "mother", "mom", great-uncle as "brother", brother-in-law as "brothers "Brother" for great-uncle, "brother" for little-uncle, and "brother" for little-uncle. In the case of great uncles and great aunts, the wives of the younger brothers are always called "second sister" and "third sister", just like their own sisters. The husbands of the sisters, the children of the great-uncle and the second-uncle are also called "nephews" and "nieces", just as they call the children of their siblings.

For the godfathers, face to face with the full relatives, not like other places have "mom", "mother" difference, or "big", "Gan Da" distinction.

For the relatives, the wife of the same generation and the husband of the same generation are called the same siblings. For example, the wives of the same generation, older than themselves, are called "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law"; younger than themselves, are called "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister", "sister". "If they are younger than themselves, they are always called "sister", "big sister", "second sister". The husbands of people of the same generation are always called "brother-in-law", "big sister-in-law", "second sister-in-law" if they are older than themselves; and "brother-in-law", "sister-in-law" if they are younger than themselves. The first is called "brother-in-law", "eldest sister-in-law", "second sister-in-law"; the second is always called "brother-in-law", "eldest sister-in-law", "second sister-in-law"; the second is always called "sister-in-law", "eldest sister-in-law", "second sister-in-law".

In addition, the maternal relatives of the same generation are also called the same as their own maternal relatives, such as "maternal grandfather", "maternal grandmother", "great-uncle", "Second aunt"; their spouses address these people, also so called.

For Zhuang relatives, that is, people with different surnames in the same village, the title between them is also used to address the kinship predicate, highlighting the kinship of the townspeople.

Neighborhood address

The strangers, also according to their age, gender characteristics, called "master", "ma'am", "big brother", "sister-in-law", "big brother", "big sister", but always with "big" instead of using the It's just that we always use the word "big" instead of "two", "three", "four" and other sort of words.

But in southwest Lu, in addition to the relatives of the title, taboo called "big brother", meet should be called "second brother", "second brother" is the honorific. It is said that the origin of the legendary story of Wu Dailang and Wu Song. Wu Dalang is a three-inch ding, his wife and adultery, is a "turtle", "cuckold"; and Wu Song Wu Lao Er, heroic and heroic, become a model of Shandong big man. And in the southeast of Shandong, meet shall be called "three brother", commonly thought "big brother wangba two brother turtle, counting three brother is a good man". Pro is pro, do not call also pro; not pro is not pro, call also not pro"

In the face of the name, Shandong dialect rely on the predicate word before the word "table" to distinguish between pro and detached, that is, the proverb is called "a table of three pro". This situation, mainly on the wife of the same generation, maternal relatives. For example, the father-in-law of the same generation is called "cousin grandfather", "cousin uncle", mother-in-law is "cousin aunt", "cousin aunt", aunts and uncles are "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin". For aunts and uncles, they are called "cousin" and "cousin". Aunt, aunt's husband's relatives, also crowned with the word "table", such as, aunt, aunt's children as "cousin", "cousin", "cousin sister For example, the children of aunts and uncles are called "cousin brother", "cousin brother", "cousin sister", "cousin sister", and their grandparents are called "cousin grandfather" and "cousin grandmother". The parents of both parties to the marriage, i.e. the "in-laws", also use the term "cousin" to refer to each other: "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin", "cousin".

On the back, the Shandong dialect has its own set of predicates to distinguish between close and distant relatives.

One is the vulgar appellation of the husband's line and the wife's line. For example, the husband's father is called "Eunuch", the mother "mother-in-law", the grandfather "old man", the grandmother "old lady", the brother "old lady", and the grandmother "old lady". "brother", "brother-in-law", "sister-in-law", "brother-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "brother-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law", "sister-in-law". daughter-in-law", sister as "great aunt", sister as "sister-in-law"; sometimes, in order to show a little courtesy and dilute the color of irreverence, followed by the first relatives of the title words, such as "father-in-law

The wife's relatives back called more vulgar. Such as father-in-law as "father-in-law", mother-in-law as "mother-in-law", his wife's brother as "great-uncle", brother as "brother-in-law ", sister for the "sister-in-law", sister for the "sister-in-law"; can also be suffixed to the first degree of kinship predicate, such as "master of the father-in-law", "great-uncle brother", "sister-in-law". The husband of the wife's sister, the use of "lapel pins", "cut", "a shoulder", "two Joe", "even the bridge". The "Lianqiao" playful name.

Two, there is a saying, called "destroy relatives do not destroy the ancestors", you can not recognize the six relatives, but can not not recognize the clan. This shows that the Qilu culture "affinity" distinction standard is blood, marriage is second.

In the clan name, the Shandong dialect according to the different affinity of the proximity of the different, but also distinguished into different levels of affinity. From close to distant order: pro brothers and sisters, pro-great-grandparents, pro-grandparents, pro-great-grandparents - pro-uncle siblings (the same grandfather), pro-uncle great-grandparents (with the father of the same grandfather), pro-uncle grandparents (with the grandfather of the same grandfather. This is five generations of relatives, commonly known as the "five services") - a woodland (woodland, i.e., the cemetery, "outside the five services, affinity is determined by the woodland) - an old woodland -An old woodland - a branch (i.e., the clan has the same historical origin) - a surname.

All of these clansmen, excluding the "one-surname ones", are to be found in the genealogy. Performance in the appellation, often emphasized in the narrative, preceded by "pro", "pro-uncle", "uncle", "five services ", "a woodland" and other words. Such as "pro-mother", "pro-great-grandfather", "uncle brother", "a branch of the unit's sister".

For distant relatives, that is, relatives of relatives, or ancestors of relatives, Shandong people called "melon pulling Yang pro", "corner pro", "old pro", that "Fang Gua Yang climbed onion ground, HuLang HuQiu", generally no longer deep friendship, so in the title also use the front plus components to emphasize out. Such as "maternal door on the", "father-in-law door on the", "old relatives", "Zhuang relatives".

Shandong dialect to the first relatives unique direct expression of affection, to show the distance. On the first-degree relatives, the elders can call the children and grandchildren of the "little name" (i.e., milk name), children have reached half a hundred years of age, the parents are still called by the name of the milk face. Milk name is the elders call the children and grandchildren of the patent, other people shall not face to face, direct face to face with the nature of insults. For the first siblings, brother, sister can also directly address brother, sister breast name, but only in brother, sister childhood. Face called the children and grandchildren of married people, can also be ranked address, such as "two parts of the", "three parts of the"; address their spouses, "two parts of the", "Sanfenli family". Peer brother, sister can also be ranked to address the married siblings, but the terminology is different, to "the second", "the third" or "the second family", "the old three family "said. In the vast area of southwestern Shandong, because of the use of "second", "the second" euphemistically refers to the male genitalia, so unless the biological parents and siblings, shall not be face to face called others as "second", "the second".

There are also some specific ways of calling people in the Shandong dialect that distance them from each other. In the first degree of kinship, the name of the eldest belongs to the family taboo, shall not be called directly; however, for three generations beyond the clan relatives, Zhuang relatives, you can use the kinship title before the name of the person being addressed in the form of the name of the name of the address, such as "Qingtang uncle", "Zhengfa great grandfather", "Aunt Guangtong". "External nephews and nephews to the outside" and "married out of the female, splashing out of the water," meaning not close. This difference between inside and outside, manifested in the title, there are the following characteristics:

The external relatives of the title system for the simplification of the treatment. Matrilineal relatives of the title system, no longer distinguish between the mother's brothers and their spouses of young and old, all with "uncle", "realities", rather than longer than the mother of a name, younger than the mother of a name; sisters and their parents and their spouses are no longer distinguish between young and old, and all with "aunt". The sisters of the parents and their spouses are no longer distinguished from each other, but are always called "aunt", "aunt husband", "aunt", "aunt husband". The most prominent is the descendants of sisters, daughters, granddaughters, without careful distinction, regardless of gender, regardless of the children and grandchildren of daughters and children and grandchildren of sisters, all with "nephews", "outside", and "inside" of the children and grandchildren of the opposite. The "nephews" were called "nephews" regardless of gender, and "nephews" were called "nephews" regardless of gender. Face called in-laws especially ceremonial, called son-in-law as "guest", "guest", and even messed up the generation, called "aunt"; and back said that the wife's relatives for the "Joe", "uncle", "aunt", very vulgar, with the nature of insults.

Using a unique form of address married daughters, sisters, that is, they married the husband's surname, or married the village name to call them. If the daughter's surname is Huang, the daughter is called "Huang's"; if the daughter is married to Liu Zhuang, the daughter is called "Liu Zhuang". "

Honorable names and slang are distinct. It is a requirement of the etiquette code to use honorifics for facial address, and honorifics and slang for narrative address.

The other name, straight to speak. The so-called he called, that is, down a generation to call each other, standing in the next generation of people on the perspective of the call, which is the Shandong dialect of "respect for the body". The use of respect for the body should pay attention to the predicate in front of the "you" or "he", to show the difference. For example, address your parents as "your grandpa" and "your grandma", and address your brother and sister-in-law as "his grandpa" and "his grandma". ".

The other name for the younger generation is very simple, calling all sons, nephews and grandchildren "his brother" for men, "his sister-in-law" for their spouses, "恁(你)姐" for women, "恁(你)姐" for their spouses, "恁(你)姐" for their spouses, and "恁(你)姐" for their spouses. The female is "Nim (your) sister" and her spouse is "Nim (your) brother-in-law". And not to brother, sister-in-law, sister, brother-in-law. This other name can also be preceded by the breast names of the children of the younger generation, such as the wife as "Yan Yan his mother", the husband as "Ni her grandfather", mother-in-law as "Lai Fu his grandmother"; can also be preceded by "child". "child", such as "child his mother", "child his grandfather".