Adjust and improve the ownership structure of geological prospecting units

For a long time, because geological prospecting units are single state-owned enterprises, there is no other ownership participation.

First of all, we must break through the single state-owned ownership structure.

For example, geological prospecting units can carry out the transformation of multi-asset structure in horizontal joint and cooperation. There may be the following situations here: ① Engineering survey and foundation construction teams can participate in the project contracting company through horizontal joint, or as one of the shareholders of the company, as a professional construction team of the company, undertake the contracting tasks shared by the company. This has adjusted the ownership structure and increased market opportunities. ② Mineral exploration and development companies can adjust their shareholding structure through cooperative exploration and joint-stock development of mineral resources. For example, a survey base with good metallogenic conditions can be transferred to foreign mining companies or domestic mining companies for cooperative exploration. The specific cooperation measures are: we provide the exploration right of the exploration area, but we don't recognize the exploration right price of the exploration area; All expenses for further exploration in foreign contracted cooperative mining areas; If the exploration is successful, starting from the mine infrastructure, according to the proportion agreed by both parties in advance, * * * will jointly invest and bear the corresponding risks and rights; If the exploration fails, the foreign party will bear the exploration risk of the new investment, and we will lose the value of the original exploration right. This kind of cooperation is very attractive to geological prospecting units: it can revitalize assets (exploration rights) that are not reflected in the books, and if the exploration is successful, the value can be calculated. Can provide considerable exploration services for geological prospecting units, because the foreign party has no construction strength, all contracted to us; It can create conditions for the new mine to implement joint-stock management. (3) It is also a good choice for geological prospecting units lacking funds to make use of the existing good lots in the city with high price difference and jointly develop with foreign investors or foreign units to adjust the ownership structure. Its obstacle may come from the "property hoarding" mentality, because some people always feel that the land they have worked so hard to occupy for many years has been developed and utilized by outsiders, and it really feels unbalanced. I don't know that if this site is one day late, I will earn one less day. Long-term non-use can not produce benefits, and assets can only be added by liquidity.

Two, support the bureau as a unit, based on the team, enliven the form of ownership.

The scale of the existing geological prospecting units basically meets the needs of a single geological prospecting business under the planned economy system. After the geological prospecting units entered the market, their scale has long been unsuitable. Some in the same city, each with a set of living security system, small and complete, everything is Dont Ask For Help, causing great waste; Under the leadership of the same geological prospecting bureau, some industries converge and compete with each other in the market to offset their strength. In view of this situation, the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources proposed that it is feasible to set up professional companies or regional companies in the form of trade associations and regional associations. However, this kind of formation should not be a simple merger between brother units, but should be combined with adjusting and perfecting the ownership structure and establishing a modern enterprise system. That is to say, on the premise of taking the bureau as the unit, it emphasizes taking the geological team as an independent legal entity, implementing legal person alliance and forming a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company. In this way, investors can be personalized immediately, and the constraints of owners on operators will inevitably be strengthened. This kind of organization should be based on market rules, and administrative means should not be used as hard and fast rules. Take this as an opportunity, for example, to evaluate the assets of the original unit closely related to production and operation, clarify property rights, and increase assets according to the amount. In this way, those units that do well will have more equity; Those who originally wanted to give support and support can expand their share capital by increasing their share capital to achieve the purpose of promoting development. Take advantage of this opportunity to thoroughly clean up the business outlets of geological prospecting units, find out the assets and liabilities one by one, and on this basis, determine the economic relationship with the organizers one by one. For example, some can engage in business contracting, some can engage in leasing contracting, some can sell, some can engage in joint-stock cooperative system, and some can buy shares from other enterprises. In this way, these small outlets can enliven the realization form of ownership with geological prospecting units.

Third, conditional implementation of internal employee stock ownership is also an effective way to adjust the ownership structure.

For example, for those geological prospecting units or entities sponsored by geological prospecting units with good business performance, on the basis of serious and fair assets verification and asset evaluation, part or all of the welfare funds and incentive funds of the units can be allocated to employees. Assume that the net assets of the original unit after evaluation are 6.5438+0.6 million yuan, and the welfare fund and reward fund are 4 million yuan; There are 400 employees in the original unit, each of whom can be allocated RMB 6,543,800+0,000, and his own contribution is RMB 6,543,800+0,000, which constitutes an employee stock of RMB 8 million. To establish a limited liability company with the original unit as a legal person, the employee's equity can be entrusted to the trade union as an enterprise as a legal person. Trade unions represent individual employees to enter the board of directors and participate in dividends. Through employee stock ownership, a corporate governance structure with clear property rights relations, diversified property rights subjects and mutual encouragement and restraint among owners, operators and producers is constructed. Its advantages are as follows: ① It is conducive to the unity of employee interests, enterprise interests and national interests. When employees don't care much about enterprise assets, employees are more concerned about maximizing recent income than maximizing enterprise interests. After employees are allowed to hold shares, part of their income comes from the company's year-end dividend, so they are not only concerned about the immediate situation, but also about the final operating results of the company, that is, the goal of maximizing profits and increasing net assets. In this way, the income of state-owned shares will increase and the value of state-owned assets will be preserved. (2) It is beneficial to the formation of incentive and constraint symmetry. After the implementation of employee stock ownership, it not only strengthened the incentive mechanism, but also made a breakthrough in the construction of the restraint mechanism, because on the one hand, employee shares and state shares share the same interests and responsibilities; On the other hand, employees' shares cannot be transferred, and they must be in the same boat with the enterprise. In this way, the shares held by employees not only have benefits, but also have risks. In order to reduce risks, employees will consciously restrain the short-term behavior of "sharing food" and pursue the maximization of profits and the long-term development of enterprises. (3) It is beneficial to the combination of external supervision and internal supervision. After employees hold shares, from general manager to ordinary workers, the risk is * * *; At the same time, the trade union directly participates in the board of directors and the board of supervisors on behalf of employees and exercises the functions of shareholders. In particular, because employees in enterprises can not only get the real information about the efforts of business operators, but also care about the business conditions of enterprises, they can control the business behavior of business operators with lower supervision cost and higher supervision efficiency. This kind of internal supervision is combined with the external supervision of state-owned shares to form a more effective supervision mechanism.

Four, the implementation of joint-stock cooperative system is an important choice for geological prospecting units to adjust the ownership structure.

The reform practice in many areas has proved that the joint-stock cooperative system is suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the enterprises sponsored by geological prospecting units are all small and medium-sized enterprises. The advantages of joint-stock cooperative system are as follows: ① It has the dual advantages of joint-stock system and cooperative system, and is an enterprise organizational entity integrating investors and workers. This is very important for changing the operating mechanism. For a long time, geological prospecting units and their sponsored enterprises have not made much progress in the transformation mechanism, just because the superiors have too much and too little control over the subordinates, resulting in a serious "dependence mechanism" at the grassroots level. However, this dependence can't be got rid of under the original system, and only the joint-stock cooperative system can solve this problem. (2) It makes employees become veritable masters, which is conducive to establishing a democratic management and supervision mechanism and mobilizing the enthusiasm of employees. In the joint-stock cooperative system, directors and supervisors are generally elected by the general meeting of shareholders, and then the chairman and chairman of the board of supervisors are elected by shareholders according to the principle of one person, one vote, and the chairman appoints the general manager. In this way, the mutual restriction between the decision-making, executive and supervisory levels has been formed, which has changed the past situation that all enterprise assets are state-owned and some people are operating without being responsible, and really mobilized the enthusiasm of the broad masses of employees in financial management. (3) The implementation of joint-stock cooperative system in small enterprises can effectively increase the liquidity of enterprises. This is because after the implementation of the joint-stock cooperative system, all the assets of the original enterprise are collectively invested by the employees of the enterprise, which makes the enterprise invisibly increase a part of capital, which can be used to expand reproduction, expand the scale of the enterprise, reduce costs and improve efficiency for enterprises in trouble due to insufficient funds. It can be used to carry out technological transformation, improve the competitiveness of enterprises and invigorate enterprises. Therefore, the joint-stock cooperative system has sufficient room for development in geological prospecting units. Of course, in the specific implementation of the joint-stock cooperative system, there must be conditions, we must insist on piloting first, then pushing it away, and we cannot rush headlong into it.

Five, in various economic activities of geological prospecting units, employees can be absorbed into shares, and risks and benefits are the same.

For example, in the prospecting survey, letting employees and prospectors contribute part of the funds can immediately improve the enthusiasm and responsibility of prospectors; In engineering survey and construction, letting employees invest in controlling part of the shares of equipment can also promote employees to care about the whole project operation and care for the equipment. At the same time, absorbing employees' shares will also help solve the problem of insufficient funds, increase the pressure on operators and strengthen the supervision of the masses. Therefore, qualified geological prospecting units should be widely implemented.