Green building: the road to future building design?

The peak era of building energy efficiency and green building has come, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, Guangdong will vigorously carry out the "Ten Hundred Thousand" project to create a number of national, provincial and municipal green building demonstration. First, to create more than 10 green eco-city (park) with Lingnan characteristics; second is to create more than 100 building energy-saving products and technical services key enterprises, focusing on supporting a certain scale and conditions of the enterprise bigger and stronger, to establish a perfect building energy-saving industry chain in Guangdong Province; third is to obtain the green building labeling of the building, merit selection of about 1,000 buildings as a demonstration of Guangdong Province, the green building projects, summarize the experience and promotion. Third, from the buildings that have obtained the green building label, select about 1000 buildings as Guangdong Province green building demonstration projects, summarize the experience and promote. By the end of the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the province of Guangdong will accumulate more than 40 million square meters of green buildings. The newly introduced "Guangdong Green Building Action Implementation Plan" stipulates that: from January 1, 2014 onwards, the new large-scale public **** building (physical floor area of 20,000 square meters or more), government investment in new public **** building, as well as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, the new guaranteed housing to fully implement green building standards. From January 1, 2017, the province's guaranteed housing all implement green building standards, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, the implementation of large-scale public **** building energy consumption quotas. From the national situation, Beijing since June 1, 2013, Shenzhen regulations since August 1, 2013, new buildings must all meet green building standards. In the future, all new buildings will be required to meet the green one-star standard as a mandatory requirement at the national level will also become possible. First, the green building design is still green building "leader" Throughout the current situation of China's buildings, regardless of what kind of geographic location, what kind of climate, building appearance is almost a thousand city side, high-rise office buildings, hotels and commercial buildings are mostly shiny glass curtain wall, central air conditioning. Regional architectural features have not been reflected in the slightest, the indoor environment of air conditioning or too much reliance on artificial regulation (air conditioning, electrical equipment). So that the building of self-regulation, self-adaptation function is lost. Most of the buildings remain in the copying and imitation of foreign dazzling bright shape, glass boxes are all over the place. Heavy form, light function; heavy skin, light connotation. They are detached from or even contrary to the actual function and climate environment, resulting in double waste and impracticality in construction and operation. In the whole life cycle of a green building, the design is still the "leader". Although the design only needs to consume a very small amount of resources, it determines the fate of the building for decades - the level of energy and resource consumption. If the concept of green building is integrated into the planning and design stage, and green building factors are injected from the source, it can play a role in the sustainable development of the building with half the effort. Green design is the foundation and "faucet" of green manufacturing and sustainable development, because the design often determines the resource consumption and pollution emission of the whole life cycle of the product. Only by making full use of the whole life cycle of green design, so that the product from the design and manufacturing, operation and management until the end of life and waste disposal of the entire life cycle, resource consumption and harmful substances, emissions, waste at least, the least adverse impact on the environment, the highest utilization rate of resources, in order to ultimately obtain the real economic benefits, social benefits, ecological benefits. Therefore, green design is the foundation and root of green building. Second, let the green building design concept throughout the whole process of planning and designing the development of green building is the most critical point: must be in the design enterprise to establish green consciousness, popularize green design. And not just to achieve the national and provincial green standards, get a few star logo to complete the task. But from the heart to gradually accept: energy saving, land saving, wood saving, wood saving, protect the environment of the concept of green building, in the design practice consciously for the owners, for the community to create a healthy, comfortable, resource-saving, sustainable development of the building works. This requires us from the site selection, planning, architectural program until the single building details of the construction of the whole process must be carried out in the green consciousness, and in each project to have thought, have practice. The difference between green building design and traditional building design. Green design: with the green building evaluation standards and objectives as the requirements, it needs the cooperation of many related professions to complete the optimization design of the technical integration of various professions, which is the superposition and combination of multiple technologies. Green design includes a lot of refinement design, following the strategy of "passive priority, active optimization", but also to do a variety of planning comparisons, simulation and analysis, in order to achieve the goals of the building, the green building team and the construction unit, the architectural unit to get together to discuss, meet, grind, inspire the wisdom of all, the disciplines need to be cross-fertilized, each green building target options. Each green building target option should be specifically implemented in the corresponding professional program and construction drawing design. Traditional building design: according to the professional division, on the basis of the identified building program, basically follow the linear process of "building - structure - water supply and drainage - electrical - heating and ventilation - budget", each in its own way to complete. In the design of architectural engineering, each specialty usually aims to meet the requirements of the construction unit's wishes and schedule, focuses on meeting the relevant norms of their respective specialties, pays attention to not violating the provisions of the mandatory provisions, and pays no attention to the economic benefits, social benefits and sustainable development benefits at the same time. It is difficult to take into account the building innovation and operation after the reduction of energy consumption, energy saving and environmental protection, sustainable development. At present, our country still belongs to the primary stage of green building development, it is inevitable that the phenomenon of disconnection between traditional building design and green building design will occur. For example, because it is a new thing, many architects in the program conceptualization of the early stage is still generally in accordance with the traditional mode of thinking, buried in the conventional way of creation or procedures, without much attention to green, and even many people do not take the concept of green ecological and sustainable development as their own basic qualities, think that architectural creation can be not to take into account in this regard, that the other engineers looking for green building consulting program to be determined after adding to it. It is enough to add to the program after it is finalized. Engineers in other disciplines also tend to only consider filling in the green content after the project has been designed according to the traditional process. Specialized green consulting engineers due to most of the project's pre-planning, building program can not participate, to be involved in green technology in the face of the program has been a stereotyped version, most of the time due to time constraints, only according to the map to find their way, on the rice in the pot, inevitably, there is a patchwork of technical and standard provisions, there are some have to choose or pain in the neck of the technical program, feasibility and cost-effective are limited, contrary to the purpose of the green building and principles of green building. Third, the appropriate choice of technology is the key to the success or failure of green building design all energy-saving technologies have applicability and limitations, the blind pursuit of high-tech and green building technology list, not necessarily bring energy saving and emission reduction effect, but will bring high investment and high energy consumption, cost-effective, but low, and undermining the good reputation of green building. Therefore, in the design stage, it is necessary to carry out technical and economic evaluation of the proposed green building technologies according to the climatic characteristics of the design project, the specific use of the functions and characteristics of the factors, to select the appropriate green building technologies, and to adopt an effective integration of them in accordance with the local conditions. Appropriate technologies are not necessarily "high-tech" technologies, but mostly traditional "low-tech" technologies, also known as passive technologies. Such as Lingnan architecture of the patio, riding floor, cold alleys, courtyards, lattice sunshade and other regional architectural elements. Therefore, in the process of green design, the principle of "passive priority" should always be adhered to, drawing nutrition from local houses, taking into full consideration of local climatic characteristics, and determining the appropriate form of the building, and architects at this level should have more to do, far more than after the program is determined or after the completion of the construction drawings, and then do some energy-saving measures to remedy the contribution is much greater. The clever use of passive technology relies on computer simulation for quantitative analysis in addition to the designer's own qualifications. Quantitative analysis is to use computer simulation technology to analyze the impact of various external natural and artificial interference factors on green buildings. For example, ventilation effect simulation, sunlight effect analysis, noise interference effect analysis. A design project, from the project site selection, master plan planning, small structure nodes, detailed design may have a great impact on the use of functionality, if you rely only on the perceptual knowledge and experience of the designers can not be satisfactorily resolved, the most accurate way is to carry out computer simulation, such as CFD fluid analysis, lighting simulation, lighting simulation, noise analysis to assist in the design. In the simulation analysis, pay attention to the boundary settings and model selection is also very important with the actual match, so as not to mislead the design, the above refinement of the design in order to create a truly green building. Fourth, promoting green design is the historical responsibility and development needs of large and medium-sized design enterprises to carry out green design is the need for the development of the enterprise itself, low-carbon society, green building is the trend of world development, has also become China's national policy. Carrying out green design is the need of enterprises to upgrade technology level and improve core competitiveness to prevent being eliminated from the market. Scientific and technological innovation leads the development of enterprises and determines their industry status and improves their soft power. Based on this, large and medium-sized design companies must take the road of green building design. Design is the most important part of the green business. Although scientific research units, universities and colleges to take the first step to carry out green building research more, but ultimately the scientific research results should be implemented into the actual project, the theory must be combined with practice, large and medium-sized design firms is undoubtedly the promotion of the green cause of the backbone of the force, we are duty-bound. Without the participation of design companies, all green building standards are castles in the air and cannot be implemented. Without the participation of design firms, all green building standards are just castles in the air and cannot be implemented. If the design is not well done, even the most appropriate technology will be useless. In addition, through the refinement of the optimization of the design, but also to change the green behavior of people, green lifestyle and green way of working, so as to truly achieve the green goals of the whole society, so we have a long way to go, when up and down and seek.

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