Features of Huizhou Culture

What are the characteristics of Huizhou culture? As a feature of a regional culture, what it expresses is the spiritual characteristics of this regional culture in an era constituted by its special spiritual needs, spiritual state and spiritual power. The spirit of Huizhou culture is not an abstract spiritual entity in history, it exists specifically in the characteristics of Huizhou region in each historical period, and through the accumulation and cohesion of those universal and constant factors in each historical period, it is constantly enriched and manifested. So, what is the connotation of the spirit of Huizhou culture? How to summarize and express it? What is its value? This is the central question of exploring the spirit of Hui culture. Over the years, domestic academics have different opinions and deepening understanding. Some people believe that "it embodies the concept or spirit of: righteousness to unify the concept of righteousness and profit, public and private public-private concept, the people rich and strong family and country concept, abide by the contract of good faith, Jia and good Confucian talent concept, the integration of conflict and the concept of harmony, and so on". This is the spiritual pillar of Huizhou's prosperity. Others combined with the historical development process of Huizhou area, that the special geographical environment and a specific era, but also in the land of Huizhou created a generation of Confucian merchants - Huizhou merchants, who are not willing to be poor, pioneering and enterprising, with a high cultural literacy, Jia and good Confucian characteristics, living in China for hundreds of years, the so-called The so-called "no Huizhou is not a town", resulting in the historical splendor of the material culture of Huizhou. Huizhou merchants are the important creators of Huizhou culture in its heyday. In addition to the traditional virtues and cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation, they also have the "spirit of the Huizhou camel" which is adventurous, pioneering and indomitable. To study the spirit of Hui culture, it is necessary to talk about the "spirit of the Hui camel": to protect the dry countryside, strict ancestral temple, ancestor worship, education, good righteousness, frugality and hard work, cultural prosperity, and respect for etiquette. ...... There are also some people who believe that the spirit of the spirit of the Hui culture is characterized by: (1) conservative and rigid with openness and innovation coexist (closed mountain and open). Innovation coexist (the closure of the mountains and the openness of the water, the conservatism of science and the innovation of Huizhou merchants, the feudal backwardness of the ideological content of Huizhou craft works and the innovation and progress of science and technology, etc.); (2) the combination of art and the environment (the Huizhou printmaking, Xin'an School of Painting, Huizhou bonsai, Huizhou dialect, Huizhou four treasures, Huizhou architecture, Huizhou cuisine, etc. are all closely related to Huizhou's special mountains and rivers); (3) the combination of absorbing foreign cultures and expanding Huizhou culture to the outside. (3) the absorption of foreign culture and the expansion of Huizhou culture (such as Xin'an medicine pioneer division Hubei, Sichuan masters, Huizhou Opera absorbed Yiyang cavity, the essence of the West Qin cavity; and Huizhou businessmen's pioneering Huizhou culture spread to the four sides of the expansion of Huizhou culture, Huizhou Opera to Beijing, contributing to the Beijing Opera, Huizhou prints, "the only ao art forest" and so on); (4) the courageous and strong and well-mannered (Huizhou culture is a combination of the Shan-Yue culture and Central China Han culture) (Huizhou culture is the fusion of Shan-Yue culture and the Han culture in the Central Plains, and it has the characteristics of both Shan-Yue and the Tujia, which are both brave and strong. Other scholars have elaborated on the spirit of Huizhou culture from different perspectives, and I am afraid that there are dozens of various expositions, so-called "difficult to write is the spirit of the spirit", the spirit of the Huizhou culture of the connotation of the vast, but also breathtaking. I think to fully and accurately grasp the spirit of Hui culture, should find the essence of the spirit of Hui culture throughout all the things. The important characteristic of Hui culture is that it is a concentration and convergence of Chinese culture, containing a specimen of Chinese culture and microcosm. Because it is an organic part of Chinese culture, always subject to the constraints and domination of the system culture of this large system, so it has two distinctive features: on the one hand, the most representative of the Hui culture of Hui merchants, their "Hui camel spirit" is the Chinese nation's tenacity of the primitive vitality and the courage to open up a vivid embodiment of the spirit of innovation. The most representative of the Huizhou merchants. The "Huizhou camel spirit" represented by Huizhou merchants shows the world that the Chinese nation does not lack the spirit of openness, enterprise and the ability to break through the "stagnant and unchanging society", and that the Chinese nation has the ability to create history, modernize, and move towards the world and the future. This spirit is embodied in the pioneering spirit of a large number of philosophers and sages from Huizhou to the world. This is the core and driving force of the spirit of Huizhou culture, which is the most valuable and the essence of Huizhou culture. On the other hand, Huizhou as "Cheng Zhu mulberry", Cheng Zhu science has become the guiding ideology of Huizhou culture, so that Huizhou culture is y marked by feudal culture, we believe that with the spirit of Huizhou multi-level development and exploration, people will further deepen the understanding of Huizhou culture, understand its status, and take the essence of the modernization of the cause of service.

Analyze which features of Chinese culture are embodied in Huizhou culture Huizhou culture is Hui culture, one of the three major regional cultures in China. It refers to the sum of the material and spiritual civilization of the six counties in one of the ancient Huizhou capitals, and is not equivalent to the culture of Anhui (which consists of three cultural circles: the Huizhou culture, the Huaihe River culture, and the Wanjiang River culture).

Huizhou is now Huangshan City, Jixi County (now belongs to Xuancheng City), Wuyuan County (now belongs to Jiangxi Shangrao City).

Huizhou culture is a regional culture with great local characteristics, its content is broad, profound, and has the characteristics of the whole series, y revealing the mystery of the Oriental society and culture, holographically embracing the basic content of the folk economy, society, life and culture of the late feudal society in China, and it is regarded as a typical specimen of the late feudal society in China. Academic research, at least half a century, and Dunhuang and Tibetan studies and known as the world of China's three major local eminent science.

What are the characteristics of Huizhou culture Compared with the general family in history, Huizhou cultural family has the following three distinctive features.

First, the complete genealogy of the clan. Huizhou's famous families attach the greatest importance to genealogy, "the family has a genealogy as if the country has a history, the country has no history not to establish, the family has no genealogy not to pass on." (Jixi "Panchuan Wang genealogy? Based on this understanding, they regard the genealogy as a classic, the repair of the genealogy is regarded as a family event, the most important and prosperous. Each genealogy includes all the family members since the "first ancestor", from the source to the flow, the end of the consistent, forming a rich, complete genealogical system. According to the "Beijing Library of ancient books", the library collection of 427 genealogies, Huizhou family genealogy accounted for more than half, is very impressive.

The second is the developed education program. The Huizhou scholars generally regarded the cultivation of their children's studies as the first important thing to cultivate themselves and their families. "Hundreds of years of family is nothing but accumulation of good, the first good thing is just reading", "Mian Shizhe Muo such as accumulation of virtues, vibration of the family's voice or reading", these Huizhou ancient residential couplets fully illustrate the importance of reading and expectations. Huizhou has a relatively complete education system. In addition to the government-run government schools and county schools, there are also private schools, community schools, academies, and other types of schools established by clans or gentry. As for the teachers of the schools, they must choose the upright and well-educated people and spare no resources for this purpose. Jixi "Jinzi Hu genealogy" that his family "teach their children must be a thousand miles to seek teachers. So the science developed, talented people. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of Huizhou Province, second only to Suzhou Province, the country ranked second. Many famous families tend to have successive successes in the imperial examinations, and their families are full of purple and gold. Such as wuyuan pit head of pan jue a door has Ming generation out more than ten jinshi, four of them and official to Shangshu, so the later reputation of the store "a door nine jinshi, six department four Shangshu".

Third, the brilliant academic achievements. Huizhou scholars to study and cultivate virtue is not only the purpose of seeking fame and fortune in the civil service or business, but also to consciously take charge of the inheritance and promotion of academia as their own responsibility. They or the use of the organization of the academy, literature will be seminars and lectures, or seclusion of books, thus leaving a large number of academic documents and writings, and vigorously promote the development of China's academic and cultural undertakings. This is an important manifestation of the cultural heritage of the Huizhou family. To the Qing dynasty during the Qianlong years of compilation of the "Siku Quanshu" as an example, this is the entire feudal society academic and cultural construction of a landmark achievement. The total number of writings in the book is 3461, of which 197 writings are by Huizhou scholars, accounting for 1/18 of the total number of writings, which is more than ten times of the average number of writings in the state capitals at that time, and also more than the number of writings in most of the provinces, which is a brilliant achievement. The content of these writings covers almost all the fields of the "four departments", of which the Jing department is the most numerous, followed by the Zi department, showing a strong academic character.

What is Huizhou culture? What are its characteristics? What are the causes of Huizhou culture Mainly Huizhou merchants, you go check Baidu

What are the characteristics of Huizhou culture? Huizhou culture characteristics

"Huizhou", both a geographical area concept, but also a historical and cultural concept. Huizhou is a traditional Chinese cultural region with typical significance. Relatively closed natural geographic environment, the formation of patriarchal society by large immigrants, the cultural atmosphere of the "Southeast Zulu", the solid foundation of the Huizhou economy, contributed to the overall comprehensive development of the Huizhou cultural region. Since the Song Dynasty, Huizhou has been a place where "Confucianism is unique", where culture, education and imperial examinations have flourished, where celebrities have emerged in large numbers, and where the humanities have come together, forming a number of famous academic schools and cultural brands. Huizhou culture refers to the characteristic regional culture centered on the historical Huizhou Prefecture, which has been accumulated for a long time and has rich remains. It consists of material culture and non-material culture, and there is an intertwined hierarchical structure. Material culture mainly includes Huizhou historical geography, Huizhou ancient villages, Huizhou ancient towns, Huizhou architecture, Huizhou merchants, Huizhou historical figures, Huizhou cultural relics, Huizhou literature, Huizhou documents and so on. Intangible culture is mainly institutional (such as Huizhou patriarchal system, Huizhou tenant-servant system, Huizhou education system, etc.), ideological and academic (such as Xin'an science, Huizhou Park, etc.), literary and artistic (such as Xin'an literature, Xin'an painting, Huizhou printmaking, Huizhou seal carving, Huizhou bonsai, Huizhou opera, etc.), scientific and technological (such as Xin'an medical science, Cheng Dawei bead algorithm, Huizhou architectural, etc.), traditional crafts (such as the inkstone, ink, Huizhou cuisine, etc.). The traditional crafts (such as inkstone, ink, Anhui cuisine, Wanan compass, etc.), folk customs (such as dialects, folk music and dance, folk games, production customs, living customs, etc.).

The academic significance of Huizhou culture Huizhou culture is a regional culture with great local characteristics, its content is broad, profound, and has the characteristics of the whole series, which y reveals the mystery of the Oriental society and culture, and holographically embraces the basic content of the folk economy, society, life and culture of the late feudal society in China, which is regarded as the typical specimen of the late feudal society in China. The academic research on it has been going on for at least half a century, and after the 80s it has become even hotter, and gradually formed a relatively independent local science - Huizhou science, which is regarded as one of the three major local schools in China that are going to the world, alongside Dunhuang science and Tibetology. Huizhou is located at the foot of the Huangshan Mountain, the ancient name of Xin'an, the Northern Song Dynasty Xuanhe three years (A.D. 1121) built Huizhou Province, so the name. It covers Shexian County, Yixian County, Xiuning County, Qimen County, Tunxi District, Huizhou District and a part of Huangshan District in present-day Huangshan City, as well as Jixi County, which is now part of Xuanzhou District in Anhui Province, and Wuyuan County, which is part of Jiangxi Province. Huizhou society and culture rose to prominence after the Southern Song Dynasty, reached its peak and prosperity during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and declined after the end of the Qing Dynasty. Historically, it has a variety of schools and schools of thought, the content of which covers almost all areas of culture. Its literary style is flourishing, developed education, talent, since the Song to Qing, Huizhou **** built more than 260 schools, seminaries, etc.; social studies in the early Ming Dynasty, there are 462, the Qing Emperor Kangxi time up to 562, private schools are forests, far away from the mountains and deep valleys, the residents of the place, there are teachers, books and history of the collection. Science and the first many, only the Ming and Qing dynasties Huizhou native in the lifer 996 people, 618 people in the jinshi, the scholar number of only one generation of the Qing dynasty native plus sends 18 people, there has been the emergence of Zhu Xi, Cheng Da Bit, Wang Dokun, Zhu Rise, Jiang Yong, Dai Zhen, Yu Zheng Xie, Wang Maoyin, Hu Shih, Tao Hsing-zhi, Huang Binhong, and so on a large number of outstanding people. What's more, there are far-reaching Huizhou merchants, which have become the everlasting research topic. The reason why Huizhou culture has far-reaching influence, the author believes that there are four aspects of academic significance. First, to prove the truth of feudal society in rural China can be based on Historical records of the official account of history, though mostly fair or honest, but more or less with the decorative or branded with personal subjective views, and the account is also mostly for the upper echelons of social events, national events or local regional events, the folk, the people's affairs are rarely asked. Even for the upright literati, the learned Yenru and the scribes, when they wrote down some events of the lower class, they were inevitably influenced by the inherent unconsciousness of the traditional Chinese culture and the values of the feudal society, and they were biased or confined to a single blind spot. As a result, there is very little information reflecting the culture and reality of China's rural society as an agricultural country in the world, and what there is is also selective and decorative, which is exactly the space where Huizhou society and culture exist. Huizhou in the mountains, such as the paradise, history, in addition to the Taiping military chaos, few wars, humanities, known as the southeast Zulu, the state of culture and rituals, cultural relics of the sea of reputation. Coupled with the Huizhou people due to high cultural quality, cultural relics, cultural awareness of protection, even if the Cultural Revolution's ten years of catastrophe, there are many historical and cultural relics are protected down. Only in the territory of Huangshan City, Huizhou ancient ground cultural relics such as ancient pagodas, ancient ancestral halls, ancient houses, ancient bridges, ancient towers and so on have remained nearly 5,000 places. In particular, a large number of ancient Huizhou documents are preserved and found, more known as a miracle, by the museums, libraries, universities, research institutes, the collection of more than 100,000 pieces. 50 years when these documents were found in large quantities, was known as one of China's five major discoveries with the oracle bone inscriptions, the Han Jane, Dunhuang documents, the National Palace of the Ming and Qing dynasty archives, etc., but also scattered in the private sector of the undiscovered is estimated to be at least nearly one hundred thousand, only the author's collection has also reached the number of the five major discoveries, and the discovery of the ancient Huizhou documents. Only the author has a collection of more than a thousand pieces. These Huizhou documents, such as a variety of contracts, genealogical ultimatums, official books, family books, fish scale atlas, etc., can be traced back to the Song Dynasty, down to the early liberation of China, are extremely valuable historical relics and materials, and the vast majority of them are the Huizhou folk people because of their own interests and so on and so on the formation of the formation of the first-hand sex and the real reliability of a high number of wide-ranging, rich in content. Studying them can truly understand and reproduce the real situation of rural society in Huizhou at that time, including the real life, labor, interpersonal communication and social structure, land relationship, business operation, cultural development of the common people; in addition, there are not only historical documents and archives, but also villages, villages, ancestral halls, houses, primitive objects and descendants of the parties concerned, which are almost preserved in their original appearance. The contents are vivid and thus of high academic value, intrinsically and effectively filling the gaps in the study of Chinese history and sociology. Secondly, it has the typical specimen research value of the social and cultural development of the late feudal society in China. The center of economic and cultural development of Chinese society was completely moved to Jiangnan with the crossing of Jingkang of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Jiangnan has become the most active and representative area of China's economic, cultural and social development since then. And Huizhou culture is in ...... >>

What are the characteristics of life rituals in Huizhou What are the characteristics of life rituals in Huizhou Life rituals as the rituals of social folklore are intertwined with the Huizhou culture and clan social characteristics to form a complex, diverse and multiple folklore structure, presenting a process of social life from life to death and a process of faith life from death to life.

Having children is a major event in family life, and also a major event for the clan. The increase in population can make the family prosperous, the clan developed, and improve the status of the family and the clan in society. Shexian Shimen, Ye village, Yang village area, the clan's newly married family, the ancestral hall to send a "hundred children lamp", until the birth of a child, the ancestral hall will only take back the lamp.

The third day of the baby's birth, "do three Chao", to give the child a name. In Huizhou strict clan system, can not be deviated from the "affinity difference, the order of the eldest and youngest" law, must be drawn up in accordance with the ancestral hall of the row, in order to take the name. For example, She Fu Xi Dabentang Wang's seventy-second to the nine command one line poem: "Ren Xuan literature, Yuan Shi Dachan Zong; Yude should be Cheng Zhi, scripture Qidu." One character represents one generation. In case of inheritance, according to the Zhaomu, clear generation, and then handle the ancestral ancestral succession.

Men are generally 18 years old, women are 15 years old adults, when men perform "crown ceremony", women perform "maturity ceremony". To crown a boy, it must be a respected male elder; to add maturity to a girl, it must be an old woman with two grandchildren. After the coronation ceremony, one becomes eligible to pay homage to one's ancestors and add one's name to the family tree. The first time into the ancestral shrine to the ancestors to offer gold "thank you", commonly known as "crown gold", the amount of money depending on the family of the crown Ding. The day after the wedding, the bride and groom dressed in gowns, with offerings to the ancestral hall to pay homage.

Social etiquette is an important part of life etiquette, in Huizhou social life plays an important role, these etiquette is not only a sign of hierarchical order and interpersonal code of conduct, but also a strengthened moral concepts. Clan etiquette is an important part of social etiquette and an indispensable part of the daily life of Huizhou people, and at the same time it becomes a kind of social force of moral control, which directly reflects the social customs of Huizhou area and reveals the essential characteristics of the social customs of the imperial state.

How to recognize the value and status of Huizhou culture ① cultural innovation, is the inevitable requirement of the development of social practice, is the intrinsic motivation of the development of culture itself.

② Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and the inexhaustible power of a country's prosperity. ③ Cultural innovation can promote the development of social practice.

④ Cultural innovation can promote the prosperity of national culture.

Cultural Characteristics of Huishang Culture Huishang, as the most influential business school in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has stood out from the many merchant gangs in China for hundreds of years, carried forward the Confucian culture of Chinese history, promoted the prosperity of Chinese business, formed a unique quality of business culture, created a vitality of the business philosophy, and accumulated an indelible and beautiful scenery, which is a model and exemplary of modern business operation. It is a model of modern business operation. Huishang culture is a colorful stroke in the history of China's business development, a valuable spiritual wealth of China's business culture, invaluable, inexhaustible source of culture and the best teaching materials for businessmen. The most basic characteristic of Huizhou merchants is honesty, trustworthiness and elegance. According to historical records, Huizhou merchants operated in the area of "weird and island, rare and desert, footprints several half of Yunei", and their land was everywhere. Huizhou six counties in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, there are at least nearly 1,000 rich merchants, which, with a million of the giant rich businessmen have as many as two hundred and thirty people. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the commodity economy is quite developed, Huizhou merchants gathered, powerful, so there is "cover the Yang Sheng, the real Huizhou merchants to open the" statement. In Hankou, Hubei Province, Hui merchants not only built a luxurious hometown hall, but also in the construction of the riverside "Xin'an Pier", specifically for the Hui merchants to moor their boats. In other cities along the river, Huizhou merchants are also gathered into gangs, living in the vast market. So, from the mountains and backwoods, "flowing in all directions" of the Huizhou merchants why can in the south and north of the sky to take root, stand firm commercial port, invincible? When studying this important historical phenomenon of Hui merchants, people will find that the core lies in the "integrity-based" business philosophy. End of the Qing Dynasty Xu Fengyen notes written by the novel "Li multiply" in a "penny" story: there are two Anhui merchants A and B, hostage to the heavy capital to Suzhou trade, the two love a ***, not a few years, it will be squandered for this empty. Soon, they were reduced to the day is begging, the night is boarding the ancient temple. One night, two people on the ground fire, relative [sob. A Hui Shang touched out the only remaining pennies to throw away, B Hui Shang hastily took hold and said: "I have a way." Not long after, Hui Shang B returned with bamboo pieces, grass stems, torn paper, chickens and ducks feathers and other things. He encouraged a Huishang and he bought with a penny of flour, water, so as to adjust the pulp, the grass wrapped around the bamboo slice, masked on the paper, and then stick all over the chickens and ducks hair, a **** made two or three hundred pieces of paper toys like a living variety of birds and birds. To the dawn, A and B Hui merchants with these bird paper toys to the Xuanmiao Guan. Xuanmiao Guan for the Suzhou temple of the Yabu, especially in the spring, visitors. Women, children and the people see a B Hui merchants with birds, thought the cool Xiao, scrambling to buy, all in a moment. Each bird is sold for ten dollars, a B Huishang income of more than five thousand wenqian. At this point, B Hui Shang told A Hui Shang: bamboo, grass stems, broken paper, chicken and duck feathers, are picked up in the market, and with that one penny to buy some flour, which is all the "belongings". Thereafter, a, b emblematic merchants with a penny earned money, add to buy all kinds of paper, pick up chickens and ducks feathers, in order to Xiao character flowers and plants and so on. Two people at night, the daytime system will be sold to the Xuanmiao Guan. Less than two years, a, b Hui merchants will accumulate tens of thousands of capital. They then opened in suzhou gate of heaven a valve cloth store, in order not to forget the store of the original, big book "a penny" three words list in the door. From then on, "a penny" famous Suzhou, business is growing. Not coincidentally, Xu Ke "Qing Barnyard Class Notes" also recorded a similar story, the protagonist is a merchant in Nanchang, Jiangxi, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, also known as the "right Jiangshang": a "right Jiangshang" due to poor management, at the end of the year, only two hundred money left, the debtor Bi set. So he went to the cemetery ready to kill himself, but met a person who also wanted to kill himself, he first aid, to comfort each other. The man knew the reason why "Jiangyou Shang" wanted to die, and laughed at his notion that he could not get anything done with two hundred dollars, so he asked "Jiangyou Shang" for the two hundred dollars, and bought a bottle of wine, a piece of meat, and dozens of toys, and the two of them looked for an old temple, and had a full meal on the ground. The next morning, the man woke up "Jiang right business", told him: today's New Year, the ladies play, you go to sell toys, such as adults to buy, can be cheaper, such as with children, children holding clothes to buy, can be sold more expensive. "Jiangyou Shang" according to this to do, the results of a small fortune, return to see the man, and intends to go back to sell toys, the man laughed at him: the reason why this son folded read also. Yesterday is still the end of the year, the market price of toys is cheaper, so the sale of toys, you can make a profit. Today has been a new year, the price of toys in the city also rose. Our cost is not much, the goods sold quickly, enough to fund the turnover, not as much as the wealth of good business people flow, can live in strange goods to wait for the good price. Huishang is in almost nothing in the desperate situation, only with a penny, buy flour, pick up poultry hair broken paper, according to its own artistic talent, made the elders and young children are happy toys, and they dare to go to Xuanmiao Guan and others to compete. Xuanmiao Guan in the Qing Dynasty is indeed a commercial center, stores are densely populated, the arts, A, B Hui merchants but the new beauty of the toys to get ...... > >