What are the scientific and technological achievements of the pre-Qin period?

The main scientific and technological achievements of the pre-Qin period are:

1. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the exact record of Halley's Comet, the first recognized comet in the world, was left. The Spring and Autumn Annals recorded that in 613 BC, "a star was in the Big Dipper", referring to Halley's Comet, a record more than six hundred years earlier than that of Europe.

2. During the Spring and Autumn period, China's calendar had already formed its own fixed system, basically establishing the principle of seven intercalary leaps in 19 years, which was 160 years earlier than in the West.

3. During the Warring States period, there were great achievements in physics. There is a great deal of physics in the Mojing, including accounts of the principle of leverage and the theory of buoyancy, as well as accounts of acoustics and optics. On the relationship between light and shadow, small hole imaging, etc., written very systematically, by modern scientists called "Mojing" optics eight.

4. During the pre-Qin period, Bian Magpie was the most famous doctor in the Warring States period, and later generations regarded him as the "Emperor of Pulse Science", who used the four diagnostic methods of looking, sniffing, questioning and cutting to diagnose the condition of a person's body from the pulse. Pulse cutting is the main achievement of Bian Magpie. The Four Diagnostic Methods have become the traditional diagnostic method of Chinese medicine in China, and have been used in Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years.

5. During the Warring States period, there appeared a monograph on handicrafts, "Kao Gong Ji". Recorded the design specifications and manufacturing process of each type of crafts in the government-run handicrafts of Qi, which not only had an important position in the history of the development of China's engineering records, but was also unique in the world at that time.

Expanded Information

Pre-Qin Stage Characteristics: Formation of the Chinese Nation and the Origin and Foundation of Chinese Civilization.

1. Politics: an important period in the creation and initial perfection of the state.

(1) Xia Dynasty, hereditary throne system, the world for the public became the world for the family;

(2) Shang Dynasty, the internal and external service system;

(3) Western Zhou Dynasty, the establishment of the political system based on blood ties - patriarchy, feudalism, etc., which had a profound impact on the political outlook as well as the ethical outlook of the Chinese nation in ancient times, marking the beginning of Chinese civilization.

(4) Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou royal family declined, lost the status of the world's ****lord, the feudal and hierarchical systems were seriously damaged, and the "Five Hegemons of Spring and Autumn Period" appeared.

(5) the Warring States period, the Zhou royal family and vassal power further decline, through a series of changes (Shang Yang, etc.), the feudal system was gradually replaced by the county system, Shiqing Shilu system by the military title system, centralized power began to take shape, the feudal bureaucracy was finally set up in the vassal states.

2. Economy:

(1) Agriculture: Through the stages of slash-and-burn cultivation, stone hoeing, the Bronze Age, and iron plow and oxen plowing, the agricultural farming methods were constantly improved and tended to become mature; the land system was state-owned (the well-field system) during the Western Zhou period, and then feudal land was privately owned during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the relations of production underwent a fundamental change.

(2) Handicrafts: the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods saw the gradual formation of three forms of business: governmental, private, and family; technology continued to advance, especially in metallurgy and casting, with bronze in the Shang and Zhou Periods, and iron smelting in the Warring States Periods.

(3) commerce appeared, and gradually from the government monopoly to the private sector.

3. Culture:

(1) The "Hundred Schools of Thought" was a reflection of the social changes in the ideological and cultural fields during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, laying the foundation of Chinese culture, and was the first ideological emancipation movement in Chinese history.

(2) Academic downward mobility; education to break the learning in the government situation, the rise of private schools, learning in the folk.

(3) Science and technology and literature have developed. The Warring States Sinan; writing produced development: oracle bone script, the Great Seal Script; literature, "Poetry Classic", Chu Rhetoric represents the literary achievements of the time; Palm paintings of the Warring States, "Figures of the Dragon Wind Figure", "Figures of Harnessing Dragons Figure", shows that the art of Chinese painting from the bud to maturity.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Scientific and Technological Achievements of Ancient China

Baidu Encyclopedia - Pre-Qin