What are the folk customs of Huating?

Huating is simple in folk customs, simple and kind in human feelings, but there is no lack of spirituality. For thousands of years, they have created many folk cultures to entertain themselves. There are fairy tales such as "gathering the sea in the mountains" and "the drug king scatters seeds on the mountains", and folk songs such as "embroidering the purse", "raising oats" and "picking wheat" are sung. Folk social fire performances, such as Quzi Opera, Yangko minor, lion-hunting and roller boating, which have been circulating for a long time, are simple and diverse, and can be sung in streets, villages, courtyards and fields. 2 1 century, the scope of participation is wider. Jockey Club Fire, Car Club Fire, Stilts and Gaoxin rehearsed by villages and government agencies are staged on the ninth day of the first month of each year, with "Shangjiu" and "Yuanxiao" being the most lively. Lantern is also one of the traditional arts of Huating. Every Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, colorful lanterns are hung in front of every household and in the yard of the unit to add color to the festival. Military and civilian folk music, mainly banhu and drums and cymbals, is deeply loved by the people. The "Music Stand" developed by Wang Youfu, a county cultural center, can install 36 kinds of musical instruments. One person can operate both hands and feet at the same time, which can replace a small band. He has been invited to participate in large-scale cultural activities for many times, and his superb performing arts are very popular. 1975 and 1986 performed in Beijing twice, and were received by party and state leaders and commended by the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television.

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, operas were introduced into Huating, and HarmonyOS Temple Theater was built in Shimin Village of Xihua Town. Shaanxi opera "Xifu" has become very popular. There was Huating Quzi Opera in the middle of Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were Huating Town God Temple Music Building and Hongshan Town Theater. Huating Quzi Opera mainly combines four skills of singing, reading, doing and playing with five skills of mouth, eyes, body, hands and steps, and performs with corresponding musical instruments. It is a folk art singing form, which can be performed in the streets, courtyards and fields, and can also be sung on the kang.

The performance of Huating Quzi Opera focuses on the first month of the lunar calendar every year. It has a wide range of activities, from county offices and units to streets, rural villages and family courtyards. Its content is mainly chanting based on Huating customs, Yangko minor, lion dance and folk dance, including blowing, beating, singing, talking about spring walking, bending over and other indispensable roles. When gongs and drums rang, singers, clowns, runners, boatmen and lion dancers performed together, and the civil and military scenes were comparable to big dramas. Very lively!

Xiaoqu minor is the main content of Quzi opera, and the lion gongs and drums open the scene for the performance and inspire the atmosphere; Ugliness and Allegro play the role of foil and coordination in Quzi Opera. Spring official (plasterer) specially presents humorous auspicious words to people at the beginning and end of the performance. When the social fire is to be transferred from A to B; The dry boat with exquisite workmanship, exquisite decoration and realistic shape appeared at the performance site, which attracted the attention of the audience and enabled the audience to follow their team to continue watching. At the same time, in order for the performers to enjoy the cool, they packed their bags and took good care of them. By the time the boat dance was over, the next scene was ready. This is what people often say: "the dry boat comes out, the lion comes in, the yangko on the mat, the song memorized."

There are three ways to sing Huating Quzi Opera.

First, there are large venues, such as Li Yangui selling water, two official letters patent, noisy pubs, singing sellers and other tunes, and the performance time is as long as three or four hours. Accompaniment instruments include banhu, sanxian and erhu, among which banhu is the main one; There are four kinds of tiles, bells, drums, cymbals and hand gongs, which fully embody the four functions of singing, singing, doing and playing.

Second, the venue is small. The small field is mainly composed of ditty, minor or yangko, which the locals used to call "ditty". For example, there is a pipe word specially sung by a clown: "Laughter can be sung to people's hearts in a short time. The shaft is rotten with hemp thread, the egg is broken, the fly steps on the pot cover, and the calf jumps on the chicken rack ... Who said that I sang the ditty down, and arthritis is harmful to his mouth? " Another example is a passage sung in the minor "Little Cowherd": "I went to Ankou kiln and bought a rotten casserole. There are many sons and women, so I rushed to scoop rice and smashed the pot. There are many poor people in the world, which one is like me ... ". The lyrics of this little song are humorous, plus the singer's lively and funny performance. It often causes the audience to burst into laughter.

The third is to run a field. The singing method of running a venue is mostly that people who don't wear makeup mix a few clowns. First, I sang face to face and walked around the circus without strings. After a while, I turned around. One follows the other in circles around the circus, occasionally changing several formations such as "cotton wrapped" and "pearl rolling door", accompanied by drums and cymbals to encourage the atmosphere. Sometimes, when a performer sings out of breath, he will insert a casual allegro to adjust the audience's taste and let the singer catch his breath. Allegro can be divided into single-mouth allegro and counterpart allegro, which can be adapted according to different places and environments when performing.

Whether singing or chanting, Huating Quzi Opera contains the wisdom of Huating working people, inherits the essence of folk spoken language, and is concise, lively and elegant.

In 2007, Huating Quzi Opera was awarded "National Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Project" by the State Council and the Ministry of Culture.