Besides the chip industry, what other fields of science and technology in Shanghai include?

In the process of chip production, there is a very core equipment, which is mask aligner. At present, the high-end mask aligner in the world is basically monopolized by ASML in the Netherlands.

China, as one of the countries with the largest chip consumption in the world, has a relatively weak manufacturing level in mask aligner.

There are several domestic enterprises that can produce mask aligner, namely, Shanghai Microelectronics, Hefu Xinshuo Semiconductor, Wuxi Su Ying Semiconductor and Hebei Xianteng Optoelectronic Technology.

Among these mask aligner manufacturers, the most powerful one is Shanghai Microelectronics, but their mask aligner is only 90 nm, which is far from the 7 nm mass-produced in ASML.

Needless to say, the importance of chips, from computers to various household appliances, to mobile phones, as well as military medical care, are inseparable from these high-tech products. If the chip is not developed, even if your network speed is high and your software is developed, you can't carry so much data. Of course, if not all chips are further developed from today, people will make further progress in software and network speed.

But here comes the question. If the chip stops developing, how can the network speed be improved? So these two things complement each other. With optical fiber, it doesn't mean that all problems can be solved by only one optical fiber line. High-tech interpreters are needed at both ends of the optical fiber line to explain the large amount of data you want to transmit to computers and other devices.

While the technical level of mask aligner in several other manufacturing industries is relatively low. At present, the mass-produced mask aligner is only 200nm, and these mask aligner can only be used to produce some low-end chips.

However, after years of efforts, Shanghai Microelectronics has made a major breakthrough in the research and development of mask aligner.

After many exposures, this 28 nm mask aligner can produce not only 28 nm chips, but also 14 nm or even 10 nm chips, which is very exciting news for the chip manufacturing industry in China.

However, at present, the chip update is very fast. At present, the most advanced chips that have been mass-produced on the market have reached 5nm, and the chip production line of 3nm or even 2 nm is still under study. It is estimated that the global advanced chip manufacturing process may reach 2 nm in the future.

However, every time mask aligner advances to a new level, the technical requirements will become more difficult, especially for China.

From the perspective of national transportation, the most important thing is the chip. Now, due to the backwardness of chip technology, we are subject to people everywhere. Moreover, it is difficult to find such a core thing as a chip by leaving a back door. So I think China's leading technology is chips.