Performing Arts of Zhangzhou Bag Puppet Show

The role of puppet show is roughly the same as that of China traditional opera, with various trades, such as life, courage, purity, ugliness and unique birds and animals. In the past, there were only directors and deputy directors, usually father and son or mentoring. Forehand not only manipulates puppet shows, but also sings, recites and tells the truth. The deputy just manipulated the puppet to cooperate with the forehand performance. The stage is a 2-meter-long "one-word stage", facing the audience, sitting side by side, manipulating puppets to perform on the stage. Forehand should also be able to manipulate performances of different foot colors, such as health, Dan, Jing, final and ugly, and master the skills of different voices (tones) in various occupations. The puppet show is supported by the palm of your hand, and the operator must practice the basic skills such as "finger pointing", "handshake", "wrist skill" and "arm skill".

Zhangzhou puppet show is called the Northern School. The northern puppet show is characterized by Beijing opera, good at martial arts and short plays, light and flexible movements, good at portraying distinctive characters, strong musicality and rich sense of rhythm, and the puppets have movements all over their bodies. Bag puppet show has accumulated thousands of years of artistic history and has a unique artistic form. The puppet is about a foot (30 cm) long and is manipulated with five fingers. The index finger is placed in the head and neck, which is the trunk; Thumb and middle finger are left arm and right arm respectively, and palm is trunk. An actor's left and right hands can put on two puppets at the same time and perform two characters with different roles.

People's fingers are the most dexterous limbs of the whole body, and it is even more handy to manipulate bag puppets. When performing characters and animals, they can vividly express the internal and external shapes of the characters, so that they have both form and spirit and are very flexible. Its speed, strength, priority and action rhythm can be similar to those of humans and animals. Therefore, puppet show is the most magical art form of finger manipulation. The stage of the puppet show is about two meters wide, the floor of the stage is about 1.70 meters high and the depth is about two meters. During the performance, the actors put on puppets and put their hands on their heads.

The traditional stage art of puppet show is developed from a table, two chairs and imaginary cloth city and car flag. The puppet is only 8 inches high, and the stage is about 6 feet. The performance area is very small (the length of puppet and stage is calculated according to the market system adopted at that time, the same below). Sitting on a long bench with a wooden frame fixed in front and gauze in the middle, the deputy and the deputy performed "telling the past through the curtain". There are hanging curtains on the left and right for puppets to come in and out. The stage is beautifully designed, and the frame is composed of various ancient figures and patterns carved from wood. In 1930s, folk artist Xu Niansong made the first stage art reform in Chen Nantian's troupe "New South Fuchun", and hung canvases with palaces, courtyards and gardens in the performance area. This is the earliest puppet show in Zhangzhou.

195 1, Nanjiang Puppet Troupe Zheng Fulai and Chen Nantian changed "sitting" to "standing" for the first time. With the expansion, the stage performance area was changed to be about 8 feet wide and 3 feet deep, and a side curtain was added. In the 1960s, puppets increased to 1.2 feet, and the protagonist of "model opera" was 1.5 feet. The stage length is 16 feet. Later, many adjustments were made. The stage used by the troupe has three specifications: the ordinary stage 1 1 feet long and 9 feet deep, the stage for going to the countryside 8 feet long and 7.5 feet deep, and the special stage for going abroad 9 feet long and 8 feet deep; 3.3 feet to 3.6 feet tall. From 65438 to 0960, the Puppet Troupe of Longxi District went to Bucharest, Romania, to attend the Second International Puppet Drama Festival, and performed "Fighting Tigers in Lei Wanchun" and "Daming Mansion", and designed special scenes with realistic style for the first time. Combined with the use of projection projectors,

1990, in order to meet the needs of plot development and performance, Marshal Zhong Kui carried out comprehensive reform and innovation in the dance beauty design, which broke the original stage framework in overall form and expanded a second performance area at a height of 1.2 meters above the ground; Cancel the side curtain and use a slightly circular canopy to contain the background of the whole performance area, making it a fan-shaped space before and after. Secondly, the use of moving scenes shortens the time for changing scenes between scenes and maintains the continuity of plot development. Thirdly, design the scene with the audience's eyes, choose local images related to dramatic actions to decorate the environment, and boldly adopt the design scheme of anti-perspective method of the scene to change the audience's head-down and head-up into overlooking. The play won the puppet set design award of the 18th drama performance in Fujian Province. Zhangzhou puppet show music has no independent and self-contained style, and generally follows the popular local operas at that time. Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, China opera has been used in music, and Peking Opera was used in the early years of the Republic of China. After the rise of xiang opera, he sang with xiang opera, or sang in Beijing and Hunan. Percussion music has always maintained the style of Beijing opera. Its music adopts the method of divertimento (card). Said it in dialect.

In the 1950s, with the implementation of the script system, music began to be arranged according to the characteristics of the repertoire, and various tunes such as Peking Opera, xiang opera, folk music, children's songs and dance music appeared. Because Zhangzhou Puppet Troupe often has the task of going abroad and hosting performances, traditional operas such as "Lei Wanchun Fighting Tigers", "Jiang Gan Stealing Books" and "Playing Tongguan" have been completely finalized, and Peking Opera is still adopted. The whole drama, even the drama and some vivid "falling scenes" in language, adopted the easy-to-understand xiang opera music. Newly created children's plays and pantomime are written according to the characteristics of children's music, and some absorb folk music to sing in Mandarin, such as The Story of Umbrella and Briefcase, Brothers and Sisters, etc. Some plays have several kinds of dubbing at the same time, such as "Surprise Attack on the White Tiger", there are performance books for xiang opera, Beijing Opera and Chaozhou Opera, and Beijing Opera and Chaozhou Opera are performed on tape. Participate in provincial and national performances and shoot movies, such as Crossing the Sea with Eight Immortals, monster hunt, Marshal Zhong Kui, and The Legend of Dog Legs. , are mainly based on Miqu music, or take Miqu music as the material, extend and expand their own creation, and occasionally use children's music. Amateur troupes only use rice songs. Since the 1960s, most plays performed abroad are performed on tape, and live singing is seldom used.

There are many dubbing forms of Zhangzhou puppet show: First, role dubbing: singing. There are Mandarin and Minnan dialect. The second is music dubbing: there are operas and songs. Mainly national musical instruments. The third kind is pantomime with background music. This form determines the diversity and flexibility of Zhangzhou puppet show. Its breadth is higher than other operas.

There are two kinds of performing music: one is commonly used tape dubbing; One is the live dubbing of the band. Band dubbing is generally used when performing in the location of the troupe. Most people go out to perform in different places and use recording equipment to score music. The performance team is capable.

Bag puppets have stood on the altar of art in the form of "short, flat, fast", "flexible, mobile and rhythmic" since ancient times. With the progress of time and the development of social form, there will be a musical performance from the background to the front of Zhangzhou Bag Puppet Show, an intangible cultural heritage. Bag puppet, it goes without saying that the puppet head is a mask and a frozen expression. Puppet sculptors carve the heads of characters into smiling faces, so this mask has to cope with the different expression changes of characters and plots in an instant. In short: the puppet's head is engraved with a smiling face, and it is still smiling when it cries. Then, the screenwriter's duty is to write the performance plot that best reflects the puppet man. Therefore, puppet writers have to consider this aspect when creating. Moreover, it is necessary to make the repertoire closer to the law of puppet art in order to create good works. Daming Mansion is a play that conforms to the rules of puppet performance art very much.

As we all know, the puppet is a mute. Puppets can't talk. Solve the puppet's language, let the puppet say the lines, only dubbing. This is its characteristics and defects, but also its advantages. It is natural and reasonable to dub the puppet. However, because it is dumb, it is the best choice to promote this short film, and for this reason, it is also the best choice to make a puppet show mime.

Puppet's performance art is best at body movements. Action is to perform a puppet, or the life and soul of the puppet image. The motionless puppet is the art of sculpture. Puppet is performing art when it moves. Only when the puppet moves and performs can the magic of the puppet be displayed, which is a higher level puppet art. Moreover, the puppet's movements take performing difficult movements as the highest art, and what the audience thinks incredible is to conquer the audience. Zhangzhou puppet head carving is a unique skill in puppet show props production, belonging to folk arts and crafts. Together with Zhangzhou puppet show, it was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Zhangzhou puppet head carvings are mainly distributed in Zhangzhou City, Xiamen City, Quanzhou City and surrounding areas in Fujian Province. The overall shape of Zhangzhou puppet includes head, limbs, clothes, crown and helmet. The sculpture of puppet head only refers to the head modeling. As a sculpture of characters' heads on the stage of traditional Chinese opera, it attaches great importance to the depiction of characters' personality characteristics. Exaggerated modeling, rich expressions and typed treatment are the common characteristics of Zhangzhou puppet head sculpture. This sculpture has always been passed down from master to apprentice, mainly to the next generation, and has been passed down to this day without interruption.

Zhangzhou Muppets are rigorous in modeling, exquisitely carved, exquisitely painted, and the colors are steady but not gorgeous, retaining the painting style of the Tang and Song Dynasties, with distinctive characters, exaggerated rationality and local characteristics. The basic shapes of puppet heads include life, beauty and ugliness, immortals, ghosts and animals, as well as characters in traditional famous dramas, such as Guan Gong, Cao Cao and Liangshan heroes in Water Margin. Famous sculptors such as Xu Zhuchu, Xu Niansong and Xu.