A debate about Unit 5 of the 6th grade second language book: the pros and cons of technological development, to the material of the big cons, and three tricky questions.

Think the disadvantages are great, because when mankind crosses into the 21st century, how many amazing changes have taken place in the world. While people are happy about the rapid development of science and technology, they have experienced better uneasiness and even disaster. In addition to the panic over the development of high technology, especially biotechnology, wars and diseases seem to have brought mankind directly to the gates of hell.

The 2003 SARS epidemic, including all the speculation about SARS, is directly linked to a growing global concern: biosafety. Biosafety is a scientific and technological system of detection, evaluation, monitoring, prevention and management of biological hazards, is the study of various biological factors on human health, the application of existing theoretical knowledge, technology, engineering design and equipment, etc., to prevent personnel engaged in related work, laboratories and the environment from being potentially infectious substances and biotoxic substances of the hazards of an emerging fringe discipline. Biosecurity issues are manifested in at least the following aspects:

The great danger of infectious diseases

Infectious diseases, including human, animal and plant infectious diseases, especially human infectious diseases is the most important biosafety issues, infectious diseases are still the first cause of death in the world, in our country, infectious diseases are still a serious threat to the health of the people and national security. the SARS epidemic is a strong proof of this The SARS epidemic is a strong proof. In addition hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza and other infectious diseases are still prevalent or outbreaks in some parts of the country and some countries and regions of the world every year

Potential Threats of Biological Weapons and Biological Terrorism

The entire international community has made unremitting efforts to prohibit biological weapons in the 20th century, and some progress has been made. However, in the 21st century, the potential threat of biological weapons has greatly increased, and some countries and regions may still continue to research and develop biological weapons. In addition, the rapid development of biotechnology has greatly increased the potential threat of biological weapons, and bioterrorism, symbolized by the U.S. anthrax incident, has posed a real threat to international security. The anthrax incident in the United States is a real threat to international security. Yuen Kwok-yung, head of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Hong Kong, was the first scholar to isolate a coronavirus and to discover that a variant of the coronavirus was the pathogen of SARS, an RNA virus that can easily recombine with other viral genes to become a new virus. Many experiments have shown that new viruses produced in this way are more virulent than their parent viruses. Coronaviruses can be found in many animals, and they can easily mutate, making them extremely dangerous. Yuan therefore believes that the SARS virus has great potential to become a pathogen for making biochemical weapons in addition to smallpox.

Negative effects of biotechnology

The negative effects of biotechnology are mainly manifested in the following ways: First, when people develop and utilize biotechnology, unexpected safety problems may occur. As the current widespread concern about the various types of genetically modified organisms living environment after the release of the harm posed to biodiversity. In addition, genetically engineered drugs and vaccines, genetically modified foods, gene therapy, and so on, may have similar problems. Misuse of biotechnology and unethical application of biotechnology may also pose significant safety risks. The research on somatic cell cloning of human beings is a prominent example.

Threats to Biological Resources and Biodiversity

From the perspective of biosecurity, the invasion of foreign species and the loss of biological resources may cause great damage to national interests. The environmental release of genetically modified organisms poses a great threat to biodiversity.

Safety hazards in microbiology laboratories

Compared with other physical and chemical laboratories or other kinds of laboratories, microbiology and biomedical laboratories are special laboratories in which everyone working in them, as well as the surroundings they come into contact with, have a high risk of suffering from infectious diseases or affecting their health. Negligence and accidents in the management of microbiological laboratories can lead not only to infections among laboratory workers, but also to environmental contamination and large-scale population infections. Accidents of accidental infection in laboratories at home and abroad are not uncommon, and in serious cases, thousands of laboratory animals have to be slaughtered, even leading to the death of laboratory staff.

At present, with the rapid development of biotechnology, the issue of biosafety has become a major proposition that affects the whole country and the whole world in terms of politics, economy, security and peace. In recent years, especially after the anthrax infection in the U.S., biosafety has attracted much attention both at home and abroad, and biosafety terminology is often found in governmental or nongovernmental organizations' documents and in various media, and the global pandemic of SARS will undoubtedly make countries all over the world pay more attention to biosafety and take it as an integral part of national security. component of national security.

With the development of the economy, the accelerated pace of people's lives and the improvement of living standards, the amount of plastic

is increasing day by day. 1996, China's use of plastic packaging amounted to 2.43 million tons, with an average annual growth rate of more than

20%, especially in the city, along the main transportation routes, the rapid increase of plastic waste in the garbage in tourist attractions.

According to the survey, the annual output of domestic garbage in Beijing has reached 3 million tons, of which waste plastics account for about 3%, with an annual growth rate of

48%. Coastal cities in the garbage in the plastic component is higher, up to 8-10%. These waste

Plastic in the proportion of garbage if calculated by volume, has reached more than one-third, and greatly increased

The difficulty and cost of waste disposal.

Because waste plastic is difficult to degrade for hundreds of years, if discarded in the natural environment, will give mosquitoes, flies and

bacteria to provide a breeding ground for survival; if buried in the ground, it is easy to contaminate the groundwater, impede the growth of plant roots

Systems, destroying the quality of the soil, affecting the crop yield; if incineration by fire, will produce a variety of toxic gases

Body. "White pollution" has become a major environmental hazard in our society, seriously hampering the sustainable development of our country's

economy and environment.

Currently, the annual consumption of disposable tableware in China is about 10 billion, mainly foamed plastic products, to prohibit

stop the production and sales of these large quantities of disposable foamed plastic tableware, we need to develop and produce alternative

supplies, green disposable tableware came into being. Experts believe that the development

and production of green disposable tableware is becoming China's new environmental protection industry.

In mid-December, the Ministry of Science and Technology, in conjunction with the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Railways jointly convened a green disposable tableware technology development and exchange meetings, at which the reporter interviewed the head of the China Rural Technology Development Center

Wang Zhixue, as well as several producers of business managers.

Wang Zhixue said: China's development and production of green disposable tableware according to the type of raw materials, can be divided into paper

pulp, rice husk, straw and starch. China's existing hundreds of enterprises to produce paper disposable tableware,

Annual production capacity of about 3 billion.

Paper tableware raw materials in the production process of serious pollution, high cost, and its own strength and waterproof and wet

poor, therefore, its popularization and application of greater limitations, people will naturally look elsewhere

place, to the benefits of science and technology. Such as rice husk as raw materials for the production of rice husk tableware, China now has more than a dozen of this

type of enterprise, the annual production capacity of about 150 million; straw tableware to crop straw as the main

raw materials, there are more than a dozen manufacturers in China, with an annual production capacity of 75 million; starch tableware to potato

starch as the main raw material, it is good degradation, the recovery can be used as feed. Recycling can be done after the feed. In a word, the country attaches great importance to the research and development of green disposable tableware, through scientific and technological research, Spark Plan, Torch Plan and other scientific and technological development

Development plan to give strong support, many enterprises of the production of green disposable tableware technology has been relatively mature, with

prepared for the foundation of industrialization.

Wuhan Far East Green World Group is to starch as raw material, green disposable tableware technology

Technological research and development, economic benefits of the company's first signs. The company's president Su Xiaohai's experience is quite legendary:

He originally studied arts and crafts in Hubei Light Industry Institute, Wuhan University in 1984 to read a master's degree in philosophy

degree, and then study and work in Germany, Europe's environmental protection has touched him a great deal, and then gave birth to return to China to engage in

environmental protection industry idea. Su Xiaohai told reporters: I studied arts and crafts, is a bit of aesthetics, I today

day into the green tableware such as environmental protection business, is the beginning of my initial understanding of the beauty; and aesthetics of the extension

extension of the end of the day is also a philosophy.

Between 1992 and 1996, the Far East Green World Company developed recycled cardboard disposable tableware and reed-pulp

molded food and drink utensils, due to the low technological content and other reasons, the scale of production has not been able to expand. 1996, the company

sent officers to study the European market biodegradable packaging supplies technology, that the development of plant starch production

The company has been working to develop the production of biodegradable packaging supplies, and has been working to develop the production of biodegradable products.

Total degradation of disposable tableware products may be a way to eliminate "white pollution". 1997, by a group of food

products, chemical, mechanical experts, the company focuses on investment in the development of a total degradation of disposable food and beverage products, the project

included in the 1997 National Torch Plan project. project.

They absorbed foreign advanced technology, combined with the domestic production process of paper tableware for a series of innovations: the use of

with domestic resources of sweet potatoes, corn and other starch as the main raw material, instead of a single foreign higher-priced

Potato starch; in the raw materials of sweet potato starch increased by 20% of natural fibers, so that catering products increase the strength of the obvious

The company also used foodstuffs and food products to develop a new product line, which was developed by the company.

degree, and then the use of food puffing processing technology to make products with light weight and softness; increase the strength of the surface spraying

processing and shaping equipment, so that the production of food and beverage supplies with waterproof, oil, heat-resistant features and so on. Su Xiaoxiao

Hai made a vivid analogy: it is like the reinforced concrete in the building materials, sweet potato starch is that cement, and

chopped and stirred into a variety of hay and plant roots and stems is that reinforced steel, so as to make the tableware strength obviously

enhanced.

The starch-based tableware products produced by Far East Green World, commissioned by the German SGS organization with reference to the international food

packaging standards for testing, filling in hot water at 100 degrees Celsius and hot oil for more than two hours without deformation, keep

temperature performance is excellent. Because the starch and additives are natural plant materials, the product degradation performance is excellent, by the National Environmental

Environmental Testing Center test shows that about 10 days can be degraded by more than 90%, within a month can be completely degraded.

It is reported that, because the project uses plant starch and plant fiber, the cost is low, each with a lid lunch

box cost about 0.12 yuan, no lid lunch boxes and bowls, trays cost about 0.07 yuan, has a broad market prospects.

At present, the Far East Green World Company intends to invest 160 million yuan to build a large-scale fully degradable green disposable tableware production base with an annual output of 5 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks, 3.5 billion various types of

bowls, trays, boxes and other products, and the project, when it reaches production, will be able to

add an annual output of 625 million yuan, and new profits and taxes of about 130 million yuan. The civil engineering of the base has been started in March this year,

has built a standard workshop of 20,000 square meters, if the follow-up funds can be guaranteed, it is expected that the end of 1999 can reach production.

Su Xiaohai said: our scientific and technological advantages are obvious, the future can create the social benefits are also obvious: with starch

made disposable hygiene chopsticks, its functional indicators can completely replace the disposable wooden chopsticks, and only this one, that is

could be the country each year, saving nearly 500,000 cubic meters of timber resources; the group if you can reach the production, it is estimated that each year, we need to use 200,000 tons!

More than 200,000 tons of sweet potatoes are processed into more than 100,000 tons of starch raw materials, which can also lift more than 100,000 people out of poverty in poor areas and promote

the development of agricultural industrialization in old areas.

Shantou Green Heng Industrial Co., Ltd. from the previous few years, the rice husk system of green disposable tableware development, at present

previously also has a preliminary industrial scale production capacity, the company produces a disposable packaging containers made of rice husk, especially

particularly to provide the use of supermarkets and other products such as food packaging containers, has begun to test market Japan, Taiwan, the United States and so on

The company has also started a trial run in the United States and other countries.

The company has already begun trial sales in Japan, Taiwan, and the United States.

The green disposable tableware produced by Green Heng is made by crushing and sifting rice husk, then mixing it with several edible organic

macromolecule bonding agents and water, and then going through the process of stamping and molding, drying, and spraying to produce different shapes of

plates, bowls and other utensils.

Ji Xiaopeng, general manager of Green Heng Business Co. Ltd, said: disposable tableware made from rice husk is not only inexhaustible in our country's rich

resources, but also can be quickly degraded in the soil after it is used, which can be said to be two birds with one stone.

Green Heng has a production line in operation, its investment is about 9.8 million yuan, production capacity of 400,000

tableware/day, currently up to 200,000 tableware/day. Annual output value of about 36 million yuan, the expected payback period of about

one and a half years, investment profit of about 30%, production technology and product quality has passed the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Commission organized

Technical appraisal and food hygiene departments of the test. According to reports, the company in order to better market the product, regulation

model operation, intends to set up a group of companies in the near future, and to invest in technological transformation, with a view to making the production

line of higher degree of automation.

According to the Ministry of Science and Technology held under the auspices of the green tableware technology development exchanges, July 18, 1998, Wen Jiabao

Vice Premier of the Taihu Lake Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Conference, specifically to solve the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake,

Railway along the "white pollution", and asked the relevant departments of the State Council to focus on three key areas of work. The relevant departments of the State Council were asked to focus on three tasks, one is to strengthen the management,

prohibit littering; the second is to stop the use of disposable foamed plastic tableware; and the third is to develop and mass produce alternatives as soon as possible

Products. The issue of promoting the application of alternatives. It seems that the green disposable tableware has caused the central leadership

comrades and science and technology, environmental protection and other relevant departments attach great importance to it as a new environmental protection industry, can be described as

born and just in time, now, both the need to climb the peak of science and technology personnel to continue to engage in research and development

Development, the need for us to understand the business, good management of entrepreneurs to increase Technological innovation and market development, but also need me

the visionary financiers, venture capitalists, give green disposable tableware industrialization to sufficient

enough capital investment.

China's green disposable tableware development and industrialization of most of the enterprises are currently smaller production scale, the ability to resist the wind

Weak, and many of them are private enterprises, the need for government departments to give enough industrial policy

Support and guidance, a better start, so that the emerging green industry can be healthy, sustainable development

Development.

Development.

Answer:2007-05-14 17:05

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