Introduction of architectural features in Jiangxi?

Speaking of Jiangxi's architectural features, the most famous are Gannan Wai House, jinggang mountains revolutionary sites, August 1st Nanchang Uprising Memorial Hall, Longnan Kansai Xinwei and other landmark buildings in Jiangxi. Jiangxi, China provincial administrative region, referred to as Jiangxi (G? N), otherwise known as the land of Jiangxi, is it Jiangnan? Land of plenty? , ancient? Wu Tou Chu Wei, Hu Yuemin Ting? Known as. In 733 AD, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up a west road in the south of the Yangtze River, which made it a province name, and because the largest river in the province was Ganjiang, it was called Ganjiang for short. The following are related building materials of Jiangxi compiled by Zhong Da Architectural Consulting Company for architects. The details are as follows:

Brief introduction of Guanxi New Wai in Longnan;

Kansai Xinwei is located near Kansai Wai about 15km east of longnan county, Jiangxi Province. It was founded in 1798 (the third year of Qing Jiaqing) and completed in 1827 (the seventh year of Daoguang). It lasted nearly 30 years and was built by Xu Mingjun, a famous gentleman in Kansai. Later generations are different from their old homes, so they call it? Xinwei? . According to experts' research, Guanxi Xinwei is a representative Hakka paddock with the most complete preservation, structure and function in southern Jiangxi.

What is the plane in Kansai Xinwei? Country? The shape is rectangular, with a long side of 94.75 meters and a short side of 83.36 meters. It is a three-story civil structure with 79 closed houses on each floor. The outer wall on the second floor is made of columns with a thickness of 50 cm, and the third floor is made of blue bricks with a thickness of 35 cm. Gunholes are evenly distributed on each floor, and the roof is a two-story wavy roof with small blue tiles resting on hard hills. A two-story roof with a cannon angle. The whole fence has two gates, the East Gate and the West Gate. In the middle of the enclosure, a luxurious mansion with 14 courtyards and three entrances was built, and five groups were juxtaposed. There are gardens, earth houses, side houses and other buildings supporting the mansion, among which corridors, walls and tunnels are connected with barriers. In addition, 2000 square meters will be set aside at the west entrance of Xinwei for people to play and rest? Zhou Xiaohua and his students attend Meihua Academy.

1992 Kansai Xinwei is listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in longnan county. In July of 200 1 year, it was approved by the State Council and listed as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Architectural history of Guanxi New Wai in Longnan;

Kansai New Wai was built by Xu Mingjun, a famous gentleman in Kansai. Xu Mingjun ranks fourth among the brothers, so he is also called Lao Si. Xu Laosi once made a fortune in the timber business, and later opened a drugstore and pawnshop. His assets grew bigger and bigger and he became a rich man. Because of the increase of children, the originally closed house became more and more crowded, so it took millions and more than ten years to build this closed house. Because there is no formal name, it is different from the old enclosed house. Xichang Wei? Contrast, commonly known as? Xinwei? .

Xu Laosi, whose real name is Xu Mingjun, whose word is Yunbin, whose name is Qu Yuan and Zeng, is the candidate of Chief Secretary, and was awarded the title of Dr. Feng Zhi, who is the14th generation descendant of Kansai Xu. Born in November in the 19th year of Qing Qianlong (1754) and died in September in the 8th year of Qing Daoguang (1828), he was called Xu Laosi by later generations because he ranked fourth among brothers. He was diligent and thrifty all his life, honest and kind, helped the poor and needy, and was charitable, becoming a generation of noble gentry; He is diligent, honest and trustworthy. He is an outstanding representative of Jiangxi businessmen and a perfect embodiment of Hakka traditional virtues and Hakka spirit.

Functional characteristics of New Kansai paddock in Longnan;

Enclosures vary in size, and the big ones have nine halls and eighteen wells. The construction time varies from several years to more than ten years, and there are dozens or even hundreds of residential units. The beauty of the indoor space of enclosed residence lies in its cascading courtyards and large and small patios, which form rich changes in indoor space, different privacy levels and multi-level indoor space. As soon as you step into the gate of the paddock, the rooms inside are closely connected, and some patios are covered with pebbles, which are arranged neatly and regularly. In front of the gate, there are terraces, ponds, reflective walls and multi-level patios with low front and high back, which are beneficial to ventilation, lighting and drainage. The terrace in front of the door is used for drying and activities, and the pond is used for drought prevention, fire prevention, washing, drinking and sewage purification, which is a small cycle of natural ecology.

The periphery of the dragon enclosure is firm and closed, and the defense system is strict. It has extremely meticulous countermeasures and preventive measures against natural and man-made disasters. You can live behind closed doors for quite some time. Big house is a self-sufficient small society, which not only ensures their survival and development after going deep into the wild land, but also is less influenced and assimilated by local social culture, customs and language because of its closeness and independence, so it can maintain its inherent social ecology despite vicissitudes.

Architectural features of Guanxi New Wai in Longnan;

The total area of Kansai New Wai is over 7,700 square meters. Surrounded by mountains and waters, bamboos, ponds, farmland and blue sky complement each other. The new fence is square, 88 meters long and 88 meters wide. The wall is about 9 meters high and 2 meters thick, and a turret with a height of 15 meters is built at each corner of the wall. Overlooking the Kansai New Wai, its overall structure looks like a huge? Back? Word, in the middle? Mouth? Zibu is the ancestral temple of the enclosed house.

Does this ancestral temple belong to the residents of the enclosed house? Temple? It is the highest grade and the most ornate place in the enclosure. Taking this as the central axis, the buildings in the paddock are symmetrically arranged. Ancestral hall is divided into three halls: Shangtang, nave and Xiatang. Is the main room structure Hakka residence? Three in and three out? On the basis of characteristics, extend to? Three in and six out? , forming nine typical buildings with eighteen halls, 124 main rooms. Huge space and gorgeous decoration create a solemn atmosphere. The enclosure has exquisite craftsmanship and a large number of wood carvings. They are public places where people hold various collective activities, such as Spring Festival, fairs and sacrifices.

Architectural art

The inner passage runs through all buildings, and more than 100 houses have scientific layout and rigorous structure. Its lighting, ventilation, and sewage discharge are well considered. It not only has the functions of security defense, wind and earthquake resistance, regulating yin and yang, being warm in winter and cool in summer, but also has rich Hakka cultural connotation. Every building has a touching story, and every temple has a beautiful legend. The main building is divided into five groups, symmetrically divided into eighteen halls. Three gold? That is, the lower hall comes in from the gate, followed by the middle hall and the upper hall, increasing step by step; And then what? Six open? It is a balanced extension from left to right with the main hall as the central axis. The courtyards and houses on both sides are symmetrical, and the doors and windows are symmetrical. The structure that the central axis extends to the left and right makes the main hall the core of the whole enclosure, which embodies strong centripetal force and cohesion. It is connected by corridors, walls and tunnels. The traffic is complex, but the sequence is clear, and the space and courtyard organization are very rich. Kansai Wai not only embodies the unique architectural beauty everywhere, but also the beauty of painting and decoration is amazing. There are a pair of beautifully carved and lifelike stone lions in front of the main hall gate. The male lion on the left is arrogant, fierce and powerful with his mouth open, and the female lion on the right is elegant and dignified, showing the exquisite carving skills of the craftsmen. There are cylindrical stone carvings of gossip "Zhong Gan" and "Kun" on the big door frame, and various patterns or characters are engraved on the stone piers under more than ten big wooden columns in the hall. The courtyard and wing of the hall are inlaid with many wood carvings of animals such as dragons, tigers, unicorns and phoenixes, which are lifelike and beautifully carved. The whole paddock not only has the functions of safety defense, wind and earthquake resistance, regulating yin and yang, being warm in winter and cool in summer, but also has rich cultural connotation, which is praised as a legend by Hakkas. The eighth hall on the ninth floor? Palace-style houses can be fully proved here. Leisure place

Outside the west gate of Xinwei, there is also a place for people to relax, covering an area of 1600 square meters. Zhou Xiaohua dug a 680-square-meter lake between pavilions on the mainland and built an island in the lake. There are rockeries, towers, tables and chairs on the island, and two small bridges connect the island. Birds are singing and flowers are fragrant on the island, and fish and shrimp are playing in the lake, which is a good place for leisure tea. Due to the age, the buildings on the island have already been destroyed.

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