What are the main ways of vegetable nursery

Because of China's vast territory, different climates, the cultivation of a wide variety of vegetables, as well as the economic base of each place, the conditions of facilities and cultivation techniques vary. Therefore, everywhere in order to fight for farm time, production of high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency vegetables, the formation of a form of vegetable production with certain characteristics. Vegetable nursery is also the same, vegetable nursery ways and means, facility utilization, management technology and so on there are a variety of forms, can be summarized as: open field nursery, protected nursery, soilless nursery, factory nursery and so on. According to the characteristics of these forms of nursery and the facilities required, can be broadly divided into open field nursery, warming nursery, cooling nursery and nutrient solution rapid nursery and other types.

(1) open field nursery

Open field nursery is set up in the open ground seedbed direct cultivation of seedlings in the form of nursery. It is characterized by: in the natural environmental conditions suitable for vegetable seed germination and seedling growth season (generally spring and fall) for seeding and seedling management, its method is simple, the age of the seedlings is generally shorter, seedling cost is low, suitable for large areas of vegetable nursery; the facilities used are also very simple, at most, a simple cover. However, this form of nursery can not artificially control or change the environmental conditions in the nursery process, but also vulnerable to natural disasters. Currently suitable for open field nursery vegetables are mainly cultivated in large areas, seed germination or seedling growth on the environmental conditions of the adaptability of cabbage, kale, mustard, spinach, celery, lettuce and other leafy vegetables, as well as part of the beans and onions and garlic vegetables.

(2) warming nursery

Warming nursery generally refers to the use of man-made measures to use certain facilities or materials to heat preservation or warming of the seedbed, improve the temperature of the seedbed, cultivate vegetable seedlings of the nursery form. The common warming nursery has the sun bed cold bed nursery, brewing heat warm bed nursery, electric heat warm bed nursery, plastic shed multi-layer cover nursery and greenhouse nursery and so on. These forms of warming nursery have their own characteristics, but **** the same thing is to varying degrees to improve the temperature of the nursery environment, so that the temperature in the seedbed is appropriately higher than the outside temperature, basically to meet the needs of seedling growth. In winter or early spring temperature-loving fruit and vegetable nursery, warming nursery plays a role. Temperature-enhanced nursery seeding and seedling management technology requirements than open field nursery, although the relative increase in the cost of nursery, but the economic and social benefits are obvious, so the development of faster, more forms. Increased temperature nursery is generally in the colder or low-temperature season, the main cultivation of spring cultivation of temperature-loving vegetables, such as tomatoes, eggplants, hot (sweet) peppers, cucumbers, watermelons, melons, winter squash, kidney beans and so on.

(3) cooling nursery

The so-called cooling nursery refers to the use of certain facilities or certain means to reduce the temperature of the nursery environment, to improve the local microclimate, cultivate vegetable seedlings of a form of nursery. Temperature is the ground of the sun's radiation, heating the soil, so that the soil temperature increases, and then by the soil to the air to release heat energy, so that the temperature of the air also rises. Cooling nursery is the use of this principle, reduce or block the sun's radiation on the ground, so that the ground and near the ground temperature is lower than the surrounding temperature, so that to a certain extent to reduce the role of the seedbed temperature. In China, cooling nursery is a major form of nursery in the summer and autumn high temperature season, shade cultivation of seedlings of fall and winter vegetables (mainly fall and winter kale, celery, early cauliflower, etc.), to solve the problem of poor germination and abnormal growth and development of fall and winter vegetables in high temperature climatic conditions, and can be sown in advance, slowing down the low season of vegetable supply in September to October.

(4) soil-less nursery

Soil-less nursery is also known as nutrient solution nursery, which refers to the use of prepared inorganic nutrient solution in a specific container to cultivate vegetable seedlings in the form of nursery. Solid materials with good physical and chemical properties can be used as the substrate for seedling culture, or the nutrient solution can be used directly in hydroponics. General units and individuals can usually use substrate nursery.

The advantages of soilless nursery is good nursery substrate aeration, nutrients, water supply is sufficient, seedling growth rate than the bed soil nursery fast, developed root system, is conducive to shorten the age of the seedlings; easier to realize the scientific and standardized management of vegetable nursery, choose a good nursery substrate and nutrient solution formulations, temperature, light and other environmental conditions of the artificial control and regulation, with the necessary automation, mechanization Facilities, conducive to the realization of factory nursery; vegetable seedlings without soil at the root to facilitate long-distance transportation, saving labor, and the root system is almost no damage, the survival rate of seedlings is high, can be continuous, batch cultivation of vegetable commercial seedlings.

Substrate nursery method is the use of gravel, slag, vermiculite, perlite, charred rice husk, peat, sawdust and other inorganic or organic materials as seedling nursery substrate nursery method. The use of substrate seedling nursery, can make seedlings can be fixed, some substrate also contains some mineral nutrients (such as gravel contains iron, manganese, boron, zinc and other trace elements, carbonized rice husk contains phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and other nutrients), the growth of seedlings is beneficial. In addition, the substrate has a certain degree of water retention, and the substrate can be used repeatedly after cleaning and disinfection. The method of substrate seedling nursery is simple and basically similar to bed soil seedling nursery, but the difference lies in the need to provide nutrient solution to the seedlings frequently. At present, the substrate seedling method is mainly used hole tray seedling.