1. What changes have taken place in Chinese New Year customs and culture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? [It should be from the Song Dynasty] 2. What changes have taken place in the custom of Chin

1. What changes have taken place in Chinese New Year customs and culture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? [It should be from the Song Dynasty] 2. What changes have taken place in the custom of Chinese New Year now? Chinese new year custom

Spring Festival is an ancient festival in China, and this year's festival is the most important. How to spend this festival has formed some fixed customs and many legends in thousands of years of historical development.

sweep the dust

"Twenty-four days of the twelfth lunar month, cleaning", according to annals, Yao's era followed the custom of cleaning during the Spring Festival. Folk say: "dust" and "Chen" are homophonic. In addition to the significance of Chen Buxin, the purpose of China's New Year's dust-sweeping is to let all the poor count and sweep away all the bad luck. This custom is a new channel for people to yearn for, entrust and pray for the New Year. When the Spring Festival comes, every household should clean the environment, clean all kinds of electrical appliances, remove and wash bedding and curtains, clean the courtyard in Liu Lu, dust off cobwebs and dredge ditches. Everywhere is filled with joy, hygiene and cleanliness usher in spring and joy.

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

New Year's lucky money, the old people want to prepare the lucky money for the younger generation in advance, saying some money can restrain evil spirits. Because of the homonym of "old" and "hell", the younger generation can get some money to spend the first year safely. Some lucky money, 2, 1, is in the shape of a dragon, which is put on the bed under your feet and recorded in Yanjing Times. The other is the most common one, which is wrapped in red paper and given to parents and children. In the new year, young citizens will be rewarded with lucky money on New Year's Eve. Children fall asleep and find their parents stealing their children's pillows.

Folk believe that lucky money is for children. When evil spirits or "Nian" hurt children, children can use the money to bribe evil people for good luck. In the Qing Dynasty, Manyun's poem "Lucky Money" said: "A hundred yuan is put on the pillow, and the color line is re-divided, and the price of firecrackers is discussed, which adds to the busy night. From this point of view, the dolphin's innocent lucky money and the children's lucky money brought by the Ministry are all needed to buy firecrackers, toys and candy during the holidays.

The custom of giving lucky money to elders and younger generations is still prevalent, and the number left over to the next year ranges from tens to hundreds. These lucky money are used by children to buy books and school supplies, and the new fashion gives new content to the lucky money.

put up couplets

Spring Festival couplets, also called door couplets, are a unique literary form that depicts the background of the times, expresses good wishes and expresses our views on the Spring Festival with unified, neat and simple words. During the Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red couplets and stick them on the door to increase the festive atmosphere of the festival. From the Song Dynasty, this practice became popular, and from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it was greatly improved. This paper discusses the various characteristics of Liang Yike's The Origin of Couplets, which specializes in "related threshold words".

Couplets can be divided into door frames, cross spring rods and bucket squares according to the place of use. The center of the door is fixed at the central part of the upper end of the door. Box ",fixed on the left and right door frames; Split horizontally and stick it on the door tail rail; Spring strips are pasted in appropriate places according to their contents, and "Doodle Gold" is also called "door leaf", which is pasted on furniture, reflecting the diamond shape of the wall.

Supported by stick grilles and the word "Fu".

BR/>； Folk also like to stick paper-cuts on windows-window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also set decoration, appreciation and practicality in one. It is a popular paper-cutting art in China, which is deeply loved by people. People have lived for thousands of years, mainly because it is a so-called "window flower" stuck on the window. With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles are auspicious things, the sustenance of good wishes and the prosperity of festive decoration.

While putting up Spring Festival couplets, some people want to put large and small "Fu" on the doors, walls and lintels of the room. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a folk custom with a long history in China. The word "Fu" means good luck, wealth and hope, and it is people's longing for a happy life and a bright future. Some people paste the word "Fu" upside down in order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, and happiness is "always good luck". Folk also meticulously wrote calligraphy, designed a fine variety of "Fu", designed birthdays, peaches, carp leaping over Longmen, abundant grains and auspicious dragons and phoenixes.

New Year picture

It is also common to hang New Year pictures during the Spring Festival. In urban and rural areas, the thick and colorful pictures of black have brought many prosperous and joyful festive atmosphere to millions of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art, reflecting simple customs and beliefs, as well as people's hopes for the future. Painting and pasting Spring Festival couplets originated from the "door god". With the rise of woodblock printing, the content of New Year pictures is no longer limited to monotonous themes such as doors and harmony, but more colorful. In some seminars on New Year pictures, Fu Lushou has a three-star picture of God bless the people. "Five grains for the people", "Six animals thrive" and "Spring Festival" are the classic colors of New Year pictures to satisfy people's desire for happiness and happiness. China has experienced three important producing areas of New Year pictures: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong; The three schools have their own characteristics during the Chinese New Year.

Today, our favorite earliest painting is the Southern Song Dynasty, a woodcut New Year picture featuring four ancient beauties, Wang Zhaojun, Zhao, Banji and Lvzhu. The most popular folk "Mouse Married" New Year picture. The interesting scene depicts the world where mice marry their brides according to customs. * * * In the early years of the Republic of China, the calendar of Zheng Mandolin in Shanghai was combined with New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. Twenty percent of the group's paintings later developed into calendars, which became popular all over the country.

Celebrating New Year's Eve is one of the most important annual activities, and the custom of celebrating New Year's Eve has a long history. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the earliest record "Local Records: New Year's Eve" suggested that each stage was called "feeding the old", and the wine taken from nearby was called "making the old and young drink and toast, so-called" dividing the old ",and it was called" celebrating New Year's Eve "until dawn.

"Night and double years old, even divided into two days, New Year's Eve, reunion with family, dinner together, lighting candles or oil lamps, sitting around the fire to chat, waiting for the New Year's moment, vigil at night, symbolizing all the evils of racing, looking forward to good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular later. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem to celebrate New Year's Eve: "Cold words of winter snow, warm into the spring breeze. "Even today, people are used to celebrating New Year's Eve and welcoming the arrival of the New Year.

Celebrating New Year's Eve in ancient times has two meanings: the old people celebrate New Year's Eve, and the young people celebrate New Year's Eve to prolong life. Since the Han Dynasty, the moment when the old and the new turn is usually at midnight.

firecracker

China folks said, "Open the door and set off firecrackers. When the new year comes, the first thing at the door of every household is to set off firecrackers. Firecracker is a specialty of China, also known as "Firecracker", "Firecracker" and "Firecracker", with a long history of more than 2,000 years. Firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere. It is a leisure activity, and you can bring happiness and good luck to people. With the passage of time, the application of firecrackers has become more and more extensive, and it has become more diversified and colorful. Every major festival and wedding celebration, marriage, building and opening, firecrackers should be set off to celebrate auspiciousness. Liuyang City, Hunan Province, Dongyao City, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, Yichun City, Pingxiang City, Zhejiang Province, and Wenzhou City, the famous hometown of fireworks in China, produce firecracker sets with high quality. Products not only sell well, but also sell well all over the world. BR/>；

New Year

On the first day of the new year, people wake up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, have a happy New Year and wish each other good luck in the coming year. There are many ways to celebrate the New Year. Some new New Year leaders lead several colleagues from different places to celebrate the New Year together. It's called a "party". Later, some time-consuming elites and scholars would congratulate each other with stickers and develop "New Year cards".

Spring Festival, Happy New Year, the elders of the younger generation. In the first few years, I think the elderly who live a long and happy life can prepare some money for the younger generation in advance. Say some money, and evil spirits can be suppressed. Because of the "time-honored brand" and "special homophonic", you can spend the first year safely with some money from the younger generation. Some lucky money, 2, 1, is in the shape of a dragon, which is put on the bed under your feet and recorded in Yanjing Times. The other is the most common one, which is wrapped in red paper and given to parents and children. The lucky money is returned by the government during the Chinese New Year, and it is also secretly placed under the pillow when the child falls asleep on the New Year's Eve. At present, customization is still popular between elders and younger generations to distribute lucky money.

In an important activity of China New Year, friends and neighbors who made new friends congratulated China on the Lunar New Year, which was called the New Year. South Korea's Spring Festival wind was very popular in the Han Dynasty. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, some people who didn't go in person can use famous cards to express their congratulations. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was called "thorn", and such a business card was also called "famous thorn". After the Ming Dynasty, many people put famous cards in red paper bags at the door, which are called "door books".

The forms of non-governmental exchanges and mutual visits in the New Year can be roughly divided into four categories according to social relations:

Go first, relatives. Must be the father of the first grade, must bring a gift. The first Tathagata Buddha statue behind the gate worships three times in front of the memorial tablet, and then bows to the elders. You can stay for dinner.

Courtesy visit. For example, during the Chinese New Year, people give gifts to colleagues and friends and enter the room. Only three people kowtow to the Buddha, and the owner of the same generation only needs to hand over Yi Yi. For example, the old man should take the initiative to lower his head and step down from his seat as an arm, as if to say, give humility for free. This situation is generally not suitable for sedentary and should be left. Worship of the master should solve Bai Hui's daily troubles.

Thanks and visit. Due to people's situation (such as lawyers, doctors, etc. ) I need to buy some gifts for the Spring Festival last year. Thank you for the pillow.

4 Stop visiting. Between the neighbors, Suri is satisfied because she doesn't have much contact, but she can go to Shuidelai in the silver jubilee of shareholders' anniversary and just punch each other in the yard and say "Congratulations on getting rich" and "Success, Success". The room just sat for a while, which was a bit too polite.

Chinese New Year in ancient times and Chinese New Year in China: an old man knocking at the door at the age of 20; China New Year is a mutual congratulation of the same generation. Now, some organizations, enterprises and schools get together to congratulate each other, which is called a "party"

Chinese New Year is a traditional folk custom in China and a way for us to express our best wishes to each other. The original meaning of the ancient word "Chinese New Year" is "Chinese New Year with white cranes", which includes kowtowing to elders and greeting life. In the case of peers, friends and relatives, we should also salute and congratulate.

Ancient soup fire house? There are too many relatives and friends in the Spring Festival, so I send a servant a business card, which is called "flying post". A red paper bag with the word "good luck" written on it is always posted in front of it, which is for the position of flying. This customization began in the upper class of the Song Dynasty. That month, the film flew away. "Become a fashion. In the big house, there is a special "flying map of customer consultation and door book credit", and the front page of the door book is even more virtual "pro": one day, a centenarian lives in centenarian lane; Speaking of wealth, my classic scene Yuanbao Street, and your infinite adult life, the scholar archway said, I hope you are a classic between me and living in Five Blessingg Building. Tell me about Geely's plan. As China's New Year's gifts, greeting cards and greeting cards are flying cards left over from ancient times.

& gt

Scholars greet each other with customized posts. Song said in Qingbo Magazine: "In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the New Year's festival was often held by domestic servants." Academic friends are extensive, and it takes time and energy to start a new year. I didn't go to find some close friends myself, but his servant Mei Jian cut the juice into two inches wide and wrote more than three inches. His name, address and greeting card will continue to represent you in the new year, not the people of the Ming Dynasty to vote. Wen Zhiming, an outstanding painter and poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Poetry" in the New Year: "You seek satisfaction except through leaves and famous papers; After throwing several papers in a row, Jane put her hatred of the virtual world. It is said that the origin of "name thorn" and "leaf" is the name of modern greeting cards. New Year cards are convenient and practical. They can contact friends and exchange greetings, and they are still popular today.

Judging from the form of the Qing Dynasty, the word "reunion" was added in the New Year. The main side hat of Tsing Yi Lan said in Khotan: "At the beginning of the year, the capital met regularly, and we had many years of friendship and reminiscence." This happened every year, from eating a book feast to a festive day. "

With the development of the times, the custom of paying New Year's greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms, and now it follows the previous way of paying New Year's greetings and the rise of the year of etiquette telegraph and telephone.

But from grade one to grade five, most families don't accept women, which is called "taboo". Chinese New Year is only for men, and women have to wait until the sixth day of the first month. The New Year's activities will be extended for a long time until the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. People who pay New Year greetings in the evening worship the festival night, instead of "joking" the tenth day after the Lantern Festival. It is a sincere New Year, and it is not too late to make cold food.

If, for some reason, there is no time to fill in the future, it is called "worshipping the old".