Exploring the Folk Custom of Bai, Miao and Mongolian

In the housing form of Bai people, the dam area is mostly "three long houses", with huts with kitchens, barns and yards, or tile houses with "one front and two ears", "three sides and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios", with bedrooms, kitchens and barns separated. Most of the mountainous areas are straw houses, "flash houses", bamboo baskets or "wooden cribs" with stables upstairs and downstairs, and cooking and sleeping places are often connected.

Due to the unique migration history, the Miao people have formed their own unique architectural style in the selection of building materials and housing construction. Miao people like wooden buildings, which are generally three-story buildings. The first floor is generally a semi-house to solve the problem of uneven slope, so it is generally used for stacking sundries or keeping livestock in captivity. The second floor is the main house, and the third floor is the granary. Someone specially set up a "beauty lean" on the third floor for young girls to watch and show their beauty, so as to establish a preliminary relationship with Miao's brother. The whole village of Miao village uses wood as building materials, which is praised by modern architects as the most ecological way of building.

"Mongolian yurt" is the name of Mongolian herdsmen's housing. "Bag" means "home" and "house". In ancient times, yurts were called "vault", "felt tent" or "felt house". There are round yurts, large and small, and large ones can accommodate more than 20 people to rest; Little people can also accommodate 10 people. The construction of yurts is very simple. Generally, draw a circle according to the size of the bag where it is suitable for aquatic plants. Then Hana (made of 2.5-meter-long wicker) was erected along the drawn circle, and Wuni (a wicker with a length of about 3.2 meters) was erected at the top to kidnap Hana and Wuni together into a circle. Even if a herder settled on the grassland. After the yurt was built, people decorated it. Spread a thick carpet, place furniture, and hang picture frames and posters around. Now some furniture and electrical appliances have also entered the yurt, and life is very comfortable and happy. The biggest advantage of yurts is that they are easy to assemble and disassemble. Easy to move. When it is erected, the Hannah will be opened to form a circular fence. When disassembling, folding Hannah back will reduce the size and can also be used as a board for cattle and carriages. A yurt can only be carried by a two-humped camel or a two-wheeled ox cart, and it can be covered in two or three hours. Although the yurt looks small, it has a large use area. And indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, not afraid of wind and rain, very suitable for herders to live and use frequently. Because the Mongolians in Balikun have lived together with the Han nationality for a long time, their costumes are close to those of the Han nationality. Only a few elderly people wear traditional Mongolian costumes, including blue headscarves, blue big-breasted robes, ribbons around their waist and leather boots. However, on major festivals, Mongolian men and women should wear traditional national costumes, lacy Mongolian robes, colorful silk belts and Mongolian leather boots, which are heroic and majestic. In the past, Mongols were mainly nomadic, so they lived in yurts. Now, in addition to nomadism, a considerable number of Mongolians are engaged in agricultural production or farming and animal husbandry, and have settled in villages and towns. The traditional diet of Balikun Mongolians is mainly pasta, milk, meat and wild leeks, onions and mushrooms in summer. Later, due to the long-term mixed living among the Han people, engaged in the life of semi-farming and semi-grazing, vegetables are now widely eaten. Mongolian people are warm, generous and sincere in hospitality. When entertaining guests, they must propose a toast and sing a "toast song" to create a warm atmosphere and express their welcome, blessing and respect to the guests. Mongolians especially advocate respecting the elders and caring for the younger generation. If an older elder comes to the house, you must meet him and tie up your horse. When the elders want to leave, they should also hold the saddle on their horses. Mongolian festivals are mainly Spring Festival and Aobao Festival, as well as some Lantern Festival (Zulu Festival) and Maier Festival. The first day of sending winter to welcome the Spring Festival, that is, the Spring Festival, is called "Chagan Sari". Mongolians have their own unique ways to celebrate the Spring Festival. May 13 of the lunar calendar is Aobao Festival, which is the most common ritual activity of Mongolian people. Aobao is a common mountain pile on the grassland for people to sacrifice. At the top, you should insert willow branches into clusters and erect poles into columns. "Making a mountain out of stone" and "regarding it as a god" are the embodiment of mountain gods, land gods and nomadic protector gods, and are typical of shamanism's primitive worship. On the day of offering sacrifices to Aobao, people happily gathered in front of Aobao to offer sacrifices. First, lamas burn incense and recite scriptures. After offering the offerings, people walked around Aobao's palm from left to right and kowtowed three times, praying for God's blessing. After Aobao Festival, there will be horse racing, wrestling, archery, singing and dancing and other recreational activities. Therefore, offering sacrifices to Aobao is not only a religious activity, but also an opportunity for young Mongolian men and women to display their talents, skills and emotional exchanges. Horse racing, wrestling and archery are called "three arts for men" and are the specialties of grassland riders. Mongolians, both men and women, have learned to ride horses since childhood, and have been riding horses in Ma Rufei since they were teenagers. They can bend down and pick up handkerchiefs, whips and other things that the horse put on the ground when running. Wrestling is also a favorite competitive activity of Mongolian people, and the wrestling scene is wonderful and exciting. Archery is the strong point of Mongolians, and it is also a skillful sport that has been passed down to this day.