On the Characteristics and Training Methods of Creative Thinking

On the Characteristics and Training Methods of Creative Thinking

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abstract:

Innovation is the soul of national progress. The core of innovation ability is creative thinking, which refers to the most advanced thinking that produces innovative, unique and valuable results. This kind of thinking is the main part of the psychological structure of creative talents and the cornerstone of the whole education, science and technology and social development. Starting with the characteristics of creative thinking, this paper focuses on the training methods of creative thinking.

Paper Keywords:

Innovative thinking; Characteristics; training method

Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity. Innovation ability is the ability of individuals to use the existing basic knowledge and available materials to master the frontier knowledge of related disciplines and produce some novel and unique ideas, viewpoints, methods and products with social or personal value. Regarding the structural elements of innovation ability, the popular view is that it consists of three elements: innovative consciousness, innovative thinking and innovative skills. Creative thinking is the core element of innovative ability.

First, the connotation of creative thinking

Creative thinking is a kind of creative thinking activity, that is, exploring new cognitive fields and creating new achievements. Creative thinking can not only reveal the essence of things, but also put forward new and constructive views and opinions on this basis. Often manifested in inventing new technologies, forming new concepts, putting forward new plans and decisions, and creating new theories. Broadly speaking, creative thinking is not only manifested in the thinking process of making complete new discoveries and inventions, but also in the thinking methods and skills, and in some local conclusions and opinions. It is the dialectical unity of divergent thinking and compound thinking. Creative thinking widely exists in political and military decision-making and in production, education, art and scientific research activities.

Second, the characteristics of creative thinking

(1) fluency: the so-called fluency, also known as non-oneness, is the ability of thinking to respond to external stimuli. Measured by the amount of thinking, thinking activities are required to be unimpeded, sensitive and rapid, and more concepts can be expressed in a short time. Fluency reflects whether a person reacts quickly or slowly in front of a situation, which is closely related to creativity. To show creativity, you need to be based on fluent thinking. This quality can be reflected by phenomenological method. For example, the teacher asks questions to see who can come up with the answer quickly. If you think quickly, it will be smooth, and if you think slowly, it will not be smooth or not very smooth. Some standardized measuring tools are compiled according to this method, such as torrance Graphic Creative Thinking Test.

(2) The so-called flexibility means being open-minded, being good at jumping from one concept to another quickly and flexibly according to the changes of time, place and conditions, entering from one artistic conception to another, and exploring and solving problems from multiple angles and directions; This quality can be reflected in the classroom, such as students' multiple solutions to a problem, multiple endings of a story, multiple ways of writing a thing, etc. You can also ask students to tell the purpose of a thing, the more they say, the better, and then sort out and classify the said purposes. The more classifications, the more flexible their thinking. The creativity test in guildford and the creativity test in the University of Minnesota were compiled in this way.

(3) The so-called treason means that thinking constantly breaks through conventional stereotypes, transcends the traditional theoretical framework, and points to new fields and new objects. It is not superstitious about the original traditional concepts and classic creeds, but critically thinks about established things, which embodies a rebellious spirit. The rebellion of thinking is the destination of fluency and flexibility, and the highest realm of innovative thinking. The criticism of thinking is first manifested in the courage to treat oneself and others' original knowledge with scientific skepticism, including authoritative judgment. The criticism of thinking is also reflected in the courage to break through the shackles of habitual thinking, to break away from conventional thinking, to find another way, to think independently, and to use rich knowledge and experience to fully spread the wings of imagination, so that generate can create sparks and discover unprecedented things.

Third, three methods of innovative thinking training

Research shows that the development of students' creative thinking is not a natural process, but a process that needs careful cultivation. Only creative education and teaching can promote the development of students' creative thinking Injection teaching and cramming teaching hinder and inhibit the development of students' creative thinking.

(A) divergent thinking training

Divergent thinking is a way of thinking when the subject faces a problem, from one to many, and from one direction to many directions. That is, if there may be multiple answers to a question, then start thinking in the direction of this question, and find the more appropriate answer, the better, instead of just finding a correct answer. In the process of cultivating divergent thinking, we should pay attention to expanding the breadth of students' thinking, expanding the scope of observation, cultivating the spirit of group cooperation, avoiding blindly seeking common ground and "softening" thinking.

1, brain agitation method. In a brainstorming way, in a certain period of time, using extremely fast association, a large number of ideas are generated. This is a group training method, in which individuals can give full play to their talents and creativity. For example, group discussion is easier to be creative than thinking alone. Personal creativity is easily stimulated in competitive state, so it is a very effective training method. Its characteristics and requirements include freedom, non-criticism, quantity orientation and mutual encouragement.

2. Reverse method. In other words, it is one of the creative thinking methods widely used in scientific and technological research to ask questions from the opposite direction, expand ideas and get new ideas. When people use the reverse conception method, they can conceive new creations from the opposite functional areas of existing things, which is called functional inversion; We can also imagine new technological creation from the opposite structure of existing things, which is called structural inversion; You can also change the causal relationship of existing things to trigger new ideas and ideas, which is called causal reversal.

3. Category change method. This method is used to overcome the influence of stereotype and improve the flexibility of thinking. In the process of creative thinking, mindset is one of the main obstacles. The effective way to overcome it is to transform "raw" and "cooked", "smooth" and "reverse". When it is difficult to find a new relationship when encountering strange things, it can help students transform them into familiar things ideologically, eliminate their strange factors and guide the emergence of new ideas. On the contrary, in the face of familiar things, consciously maintaining a sense of strangeness in cognition makes the familiar objects become strange, which often makes students have whimsical ideas and opinions.

(B) intuitive thinking training

The so-called intuitive thinking refers to the sudden realization or understanding without step-by-step analysis. Many psychologists believe that it is the active expression of creative thinking, the forerunner of invention and creation, and the fruit suddenly obtained after confusion, which plays an important role in the process of invention and creation. "Archimedes principle" in physics is the moment Archimedes jumped into the bathtub, and found that the volume of water overflowing from the edge of the bathtub was as big as his own body, thus realizing the famous law of specific gravity.

In the process of learning, intuitive thinking sometimes shows strange questions, sometimes makes bold guesses, sometimes gives urgent answers and so on. In order to cultivate students' creative thinking, don't ignore these imaginations when they come in droves. Young people have a keen sense and an extremely active imagination. When new ideas and concepts suddenly appear, we should capture the products of this creative thinking in time and be good at developing our own intuitive thinking.

1, bold idea. This refers to an innovative method that completely breaks through the shackles of existing things and concepts and boldly imagines things that are not yet available but may be produced. The vast sky, even fantasy, thus expanding the scope of imagination, catching the spark of creative imagination and inspiring. We should boldly conceive, explore and compare, and organically combine image thinking with logical thinking, which should be both whimsical and down-to-earth.

2. Reduction method. Also known as retrospective thinking. This is to use the thinking method of reduction and retrospection to the existing conclusions or the results of things, consider their causes, expose their fallacies, eliminate old prejudices and establish new theories and viewpoints. This thinking method based on causal reasoning has been widely used in scientific and technological inventions.

(C) thinking in images training

In educational practice, different training combined with different subjects can promote students' image cultivation in vision, hearing, smell and touch, develop image system and improve their sensitivity to things, thus promoting image thinking and cultivating creativity.

1, mirror method. The method of conveying creative thinking with symbols. The application of abstract symbols or images is a great progress of human thinking and a leap development of human creative thinking ability. Because symbols and images can make complex things easy to understand, concise and to the point, you can also see the new relationship of things, and you can freely conceive or make new combinations that are divorced from reality.

2. Association method. It is a thinking process that connects the knowledge already mastered with a specific thinking object and gets inspiration from its correlation. Associative thinking can overcome the difference in meaning between the two concepts and connect them. Frequent free association can enhance imagination and lay a foundation for further creation or innovation. According to the relationship between associative things, association can be divided into similar association, close association, comparative association, bionic association and duplicated association.

Extraordinary thinking

Extraordinary thinking is an unconventional way of thinking. Although it is not a common and standardized way of thinking, it plays a unique role in cultivating the sensitivity, extensiveness and flexibility of thinking and inspiring innovative inspiration, and often receives the effect of "hitting the nail on the head".

"Brainstorming" and "solve riddles on the lanterns" are effective ways to train special thinking. "Brainstorming" is a game to solve problems with unconventional thinking. It masquerades as a mystery, leaving a "trap", and it is misguided to make people think according to conventional thinking. In this case, we can only think in a specific or even weird way in order to "realize". In this process, the flexibility of thinking has been effectively trained, and the spark of creation has been ignited in the "epiphany". What is emphasized here is that the key to "brain teasers" and "riddles" in creative thinking training is not whether students can answer the required answers, but the process of "epiphany" once the confused students find their answers, so as to explore their thinking direction and context. Knowing this is very beneficial to open creative thinking.

Innovation is the main theme of our times and the core quality of innovative talents. Only when a person, a nation and a country are brave in creative thinking can they win in the increasingly fierce competition.

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