Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Who knows the origin of "Gu Thai Boxing"?
Who knows the origin of "Gu Thai Boxing"?
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9kY.d-f2k Through textual research, Thai culture is deeply influenced by China and Indian culture, and Thai people are closely related to the Chinese nation. But for hundreds of years, the Thai people have been living and breeding in Indochina Peninsula. In the long-term struggle against foreign aggression, they gradually formed their own unique boxing methods. Therefore, we can say that Muay Thai came into being under the historical background of long-term resistance to foreign aggression.
(\% \} * B% u & ampa. The Thai people originally lived in the southwest of China, which was called "Nanman" in history. According to records, in 649 AD, the ancestors of Thais still lived in Yunnan Province, China, which was called "Six Imperial edicts" in history. After Fine slaves ROM unified the imperial edicts of the six countries, it became king on its own and established Nanzhao State, which was later renamed "Dali". In the future, it will dominate this land and become stronger and stronger. According to the new Tang book "Biography of Nanman", Nanzhao's political organization was quite sound at that time, and its achievements in culture and art could even be comparable to that of the Central Plains. In terms of military system and armament, there is a saying that "learning to fight after the mulberry in the sky", which shows that there have been martial arts activities in Nanzhao in ancient times.
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In the Song Dynasty, Nanzhao became a vassal of China. In the Yuan Dynasty, China became more and more powerful, and Dali was destroyed by the Yuan Army and became the administrative region of China. Thais gradually moved south to northern Thailand and gradually descended the Mekong River. By AD 1275, they merged into a powerful country, with Sukhothai as its capital, and established the kingdom of Siam.
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%u"v cW4Y[ |0I/w$@o After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Thais have been in constant war for years and have been harassed by their strong neighbors frequently. Therefore, emperors of all dynasties advocated consolidating dynasty rule by force and coping with frequent civil strife and foreign invasion. Most of the kings of ancient Siam personally went to the battlefield and led the troops to kill the enemy. So many princes themselves are masters of Muay Thai. Soldiers use swords, guns and arrows in long-distance combat on the battlefield, and fists, elbows, knees and feet as offensive weapons in close combat. The earliest record of Thai people practicing boxing and martial arts can be found in the Chronicle of the North, which is an early book describing Thai people from Sukhothai Dynasty to Dacheng Dynasty after they entered Indochina Peninsula.
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According to records, U^5aHuBe had fist fight activities in the army at that time as a pastime for the princes during the truce. Although boxing did not become a professional competition, the princes trained warriors to fight in order to please the king. With the return of the Year of the Loong Boxers and veterans, boxing was gradually introduced to people. According to historical records, the laws promulgated in the early Dacheng Dynasty have already exempted those who killed or injured their opponents in fist fight from punishment. During the heyday of Dacheng Dynasty (A.D. 1350), the wind of fist fight became increasingly popular all over the country. Thai people gradually realize that new technology can protect their country and defend their country, so the wind of practicing martial arts is very strong. Not only adults are good at martial arts, but also Thai children can punch, kick and practice boxing. Boxing has developed into a popular recreational activity. 1Rs"j3kS
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During the period of 14 1 1, the king of Chiang Mai died, and the two princes were at loggerheads for the throne. Finally, they decided to send a martial artist as a representative to fight for the final victory and agreed to fight until one side bled. After several hours of fierce fighting, the South Martial Arts Division changed commanders because of bleeding from a foot injury, and the North Martial Arts Division won. This is the first boxing match in Thai history. ，f[5 { PK } z }
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15 18, the king of Siam reformed the military system and issued an order to compile the book "The Art of Winning", which included weapons, martial arts and armaments. In Thailand, Muay Thai is booming. It is not only a national movement, a treasure house of culture, but also a shortcut for a few young people to get rid of poverty and become rich. Muay Thai is a kind of martial arts, which evolved from the unarmed fighting technique of Siamese warriors in the16th century. The first Thai National Muay Thai School was established in the northern suburb of Bangkok under the vigorous advocacy of Cheta Tana Jaro Ff, commander of the Thai Armed Forces and president of the Thai Olympic Committee. This school belongs to the Ministry of Education and was founded to commemorate the key role of Muay Thai in Thai culture.
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In the era of "Pai Li Na Xuan" (A.D. 1555 to 1606), boxing was included in military training subjects. Emperor Li Xuan, known as the "black prince" in history, was brave and good at fighting. He led the Thai people to liberate Siam under the occupation of Myanmar and restore Dacheng Dynasty. After years of war, Pina Li Xuan knew that to maintain national security, he must have a brave and skillful army, so he specially included boxing in military training and named it "South Run". 4? xwoIF$\F
f(U0W O C & amp； One "running south" is Siam Tuquan, which is fierce and vicious. Its moves include hitting the head, biting the mouth, punching, kicking, kicking, sweeping, elbows, knees, shoulders and arms. Push, grab, hit, fall and so on are all around. Any part of the whole body can be used, which is a kind of boxing used in actual combat. After practicing boxing, the ancient Thai soldiers were all strong and brave.
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The era of "Tiger King" photographing Buddha and Zhao (1662 to 1708) was the heyday of the development of Muay Thai. The whole country is devoted to boxing. In the form of fighting, at first, boxers tied their fists with strip-shaped horse skins to fight. Later, we wrapped our fists with hemp rope, which is the so-called "hemp bag" fist fight. I will wrap my fist with a cotton swab in the future. The surface of cotton sliver can be soaked with sticky essence mixed with stones, which makes the surface rougher and harder and greatly increases the lethality. In fighting, boxers are often beaten to pieces and bleed profusely, which is terrible. Boxing and semi-activities at that time were described in the book "The Kingdom of Siam" written by Simon Lubir, the special envoy sent by the French emperor in 1687: "In the grand performance of Dacheng Dynasty, the programs were colorful, with wrestlers and warriors fighting with their elbows and legs. In boxing, they use three or four rounds of hemp rope to protect their palms, instead of the copper ring used by Laos (Khmer) to play the same way. " See figure 1 for the fighting of Ma Bao Boxing. According to historical records, "Tiger King" loved martial arts, personally sorted out and summarized the increasingly complex boxing methods, and formed the basic system of Muay Thai. Today, some Muay Thai techniques still follow the fighting system summarized by "Tiger King". As the king of a country, "Tiger King" often dresses up in the afternoon and participates in the challenge competition in the Buddha's grand event as a civilian. Against mainland fighters, he won two consecutive battles and quietly left after winning the grand prize, which became a story in the history of Muay Thai.
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According to the historical records of Myanmar, at the end of Dacheng Dynasty, the famous Muay Thai teacher Naik Nong Dong was captured and imprisoned in Myanmar when the Burmese army conquered Dacheng. In A.D. 1774, Monglala, king of Myanmar, held a ceremony to cap the Giant Pagoda in Yangon, the capital of China, during which a contest between Thai and Burmese boxers was arranged. Naik Nong Dong was forced to compete with the Burmese samurai in command and defeated nine Burmese masters in a row, which deeply touched the king of Myanmar: "The master of Muay Thai has extraordinary martial arts. With the courage of one man, he defeated nine people in a row. Ten men dare not fight the enemy. If his monarch is weak, his generation can avoid the pain of losing the country. " The story of Naikenong's great shock to Myanmar is not recorded in the history of Thailand, but it is recorded in detail in the history books of neighboring Myanmar, so it is true. The deeds of Naikenongdong have written a glorious page for the history of Muay Thai. Boxers in Muay Thai Hall have always regarded Naik Nong Dong as their ancestors. In 1950s, at the suggestion of Captain General Pichai Junrava, the day when Naikenong spread to Myanmar (March 16) was designated as the Boxer Day in Thailand to commemorate this great national hero. This is another story.
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After China hero Zheng Zhao led many warships up the Chao Phraya River, defeated the Burmese army, recovered Thailand and established the Wu Li Dynasty, the Thai people still remembered the pain of national subjugation and deeply felt the great role of boxing, and martial arts became more popular. There are also many people with high martial arts who are greatly admired by the generals. For example, Naihao, the boxer of Dacheng, and Monet, the boxer of Huangfu, were all famous figures at that time. hb 1n？ ` b_
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It is reported that Cheng Yifu's young boxer, Nai Tongli, was nicknamed "White Teeth". He loved martial arts since he was a child. As an adult, he looked around for famous teachers to learn and challenge all heights. He is called a martial arts wizard. In AD 1762, Tongli went to Xuanmangma, the old city of Dafu, for a boxing match. First, Naihao, a famous teacher, was defeated and appreciated by Huang Zheng. Later, he was ordered to compete with Monet, the Royal Boxer, and win again. He was dubbed "random guessing" by Huang Zheng. Thomas lee followed Huang Zheng's crusade to the west all his life, fought in the battlefield, and fought until the sword broke and the horse turned over. He was able to kill the enemy heroically and returned home in triumph. For Thailand to recover losses and strive for independence, it has made great contributions and left its own name in history. Today, there are still several bronze statues of Cheng Yi in the official workshop, and he is praised by historians as "the famous broken arrow". QS(`.e*v！ oh
Aqq & ampo/x^ q 1]& amp； Uqg came to Bangkok dynasty (from 1782), and the contacts between western European countries and Siam increased day by day. During the period of 1788, a French wrestler went to Thailand to compete with the new division of Thailand, and was arranged by the imperial government to fight with the praetorian guard boxer Wan Pailan. Rama I and Buddha Jehua personally watched. The bet reached 50 pounds, which was a sensation. /eM！ Ha "~%AB
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There are many supporting historical materials to prove that Muay Thai was very popular during the Bangkok dynasty. 1860, the emperor sent Sir John Baoning to Siam. In his memoir "The Country of Siam", Bao Ning described the popular entertainment activities in Siam at that time, including boating, acrobatics, magic shows and frequent boxing matches. At the same time, the English Teacher at Siam Court written by Anna Lian Lu Yun, an Englishman, also recorded Thai wrestling at that time. He wrote in the book, "Siamese people are belligerent ... the wrestling style is rough and monotonous, and strength is dominant, more than skill and style." In boxing, Siamese people used to tie their hands with pimps, occasionally mixed with copper wire and tied their heads with leather rings. Boxers concentrate on attacking the enemy's head and have strong resistance. Those who lose power, capsize or surrender their hands are regarded as defeat. "
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R*Du%y$p, s{ Rama V Chulalongdi, who studied martial arts with a famous teacher since childhood, is famous all over the country. He once performed in front of his father at the royal celebration. After he ascended the throne, his interest in martial arts remained unchanged. 1898, the imperial boxer system was established by decree. Led by skilled people, there are important activities such as state banquets or soul-fixing ceremonies, tonsure ceremonies, tea ceremony, etc. Members of the boxing group can get an annual salary without paying taxes. xx7o|Kd-J:u！ Y BzM
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The following year, the royal family held a grand ceremony in Feng 'an, in which the boxing match was a confrontation between experts from North and South. The winner was awarded the title of "Wan" by the fifth emperor (the title of ancient Siamese general). There are three people who have won this honor, namely, Naibang Zhan Nongtong, the Yihetuan of Tainan Tea House, and have the title of "famous military commander"; Lopburi in the middle is the imperial palace, with the title of "General Quasi-Boxing", and the owner of Kere in the northeast is Ling Tai Ba Shuo, with the title of "General Miao Ji". " M:F0xn{xVc，]
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During this period, Wushu prevailed in the northeast and south. They all enjoy the reputation of "Boxing City". At the beginning of this century, the activity center of Muay Thai was still famous for the above two "Boxing Cities". bNc^+P4Y
L q (r # si AD 19 17, siamese volunteers went on an expedition to Europe to join the Allied Crusades. When he was stationed in Fort Maine on the French border, he performed Siam Boxing, which was well received by French sports newspapers. The French commented that although Thai soldiers are short in stature, they are extremely athletic and agile, and their mastery of martial arts is fierce and rare. It's really incredible for westerners. Its ferocity fully shows the strong character of the Thai nation.
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1920, Tai Huang Mongolian jiuzhao (Rama VI) raised money for the "Wild Tiger Army" and appointed Ye Tiesheng, commander of the Wild Tiger Army, as the director of boxing affairs, and held an unprecedented boxing match in the "Rose Garden Academy" square. Famous teachers from all over the country responded in succession and went to Beijing to participate in the competition, such as Naikun Zhanluo, Naiyang Quantali, Naiben Serra, Naitong Ganha, Naipeng Ying Da Yisong, Yinkong Yinjia, Naigaisuf, Naixiao Hebi and Naiye Bazhan. , are invited to attend. Known as the "boxing city". p8p E2RO & ampFD c
U9？ Pa ~ This boxing match has caused quite a shock in the boxing circle of Imperial City. Many famous places in Beijing have set off a wave against foreign boxers, which is very popular. Among the many famous teachers, there are the naval instructor Luan Pippo Peng Raju who is good at western boxing and wrestling, the famous teacher Quan Cheng, the ancestor of western boxing in Thailand, the martial arts teacher Meng Zhaowei, Prince Wang Li of Wenshayue in the Rose Garden, the master Luan Nangong in the Five Emperors era, and the "Master of Knife" Kunyi Shashan School. +B7v^#HO9G！ b8k
a'I9]D，zG！ With the introduction of western culture, Thailand's traditional culture has also been affected. Western Boxing was introduced to Thailand in 19 12, and its competition forms and techniques were gradually adopted and applied by Muay Thai. Especially in the early period of the ring (1928), after the kick of "King of Thai Northern Legs" by Peng, for the sake of safety, he began to use "wearing a condom" in the Thai boxing competition, gradually replacing the traditional "wrapped hemp" boxing competition, and the number of rounds was gradually reduced to five.
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On April 1937 and 1 day, the Ministry of Education and Sports of the Thai government promulgated the rules of the Muay Thai competition for the first time. At this point, the system and form of the national challenge have finally been improved and unified. r+u & amp； x\9Yvg
2|, x a*_ h3p Xp After the outbreak of World War II, Thailand was affected by the war, and the Muay Thai competition was once depressed. For several years, boxing competitions have only been held occasionally in Buddhist temples on the mainland. After World War II, the famous "Ranlong Boxing Field" was built, and Muay Thai entered the modern standard competition. Boxers from all over the world have come to Beijing to show their talents for fame and fortune, making the once deserted boxing world more active than ever. From 1946 to 195 1 year, it is known as the "Lainan Dragon Boxing Field" period, which can be called the golden age of modern Muay Thai development. Later, the "Longpini Boxing Ground" was built in 1956, which further promoted the development of Muay Thai and opened up a new situation of Muay Thai. `-T"pUxe！ _.？ C8s
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The establishment of two modern boxing fields has provided many muay Thai fighters with opportunities to display their skills. At the same time, it also strengthens the communication between boxers, promotes the further improvement of Muay Thai technology, and makes Muay Thai flourish.
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Muay Thai has developed from traditional folk martial arts to modern professional boxing for more than 60 years. It experienced the Rose Garden, Zhu Guo Temple, Wood Factory, Paradise and Xuanzhaoce, and reached the modern boxing era. Muay Thai has evolved into the national skill of the Thai nation and is a symbol of the Thai nation's courage and unyielding. Thai boxers have competed with foreign boxers for many times, winning many battles, and are famous in the international martial arts world. This is purely the result of the actual combat training of Muay Thai masters, and it is also the result of the vigorous implementation of emperors and modern rulers. Twenty years ago, Tai Huang Park Mei-peng's encouraging words when he visited the boxing ring in Longpini fully reflected this fine tradition. His words are as follows: "Muay Thai is a resolute and successful boxer. Muay Thai is beneficial to the country, the people and the body. Our people have made great efforts to introduce and popularize the traditional skills of this nation.
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t/De！ EM3n Nowadays, Thai Wushu has been gradually divided into two forms. One is the martial arts of dance performance, including sword to sword, stick to stick, double knife to double knife, double knife to double stick, long stick to short stick, double knife to shield knife, double crutch to long stick (Figure 2) and so on. The other is a purely antagonistic performance or competition. During the performance, each other can be true or false, just like professional wrestling, in order to perform cruel play. In recent years, karate, judo, wrestling and western boxing have been gradually absorbed in order to cater to the thrill-seeking tastes of western tourists and influenced by gamblers. :F[mh*G
O6Ux4] xSZ！ Ua L Muay Thai is not only popular in Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar, but also brought to Europe by French sailors more than 100 years ago. After 1830 was introduced into France, it evolved into a kind of "kicking". From 65438 to 0964, Muay Thai was introduced to Japan by Japanese boxing agent Noguchi, and it was renamed "Kicking Boxing Road", which was all the rage. With the development of internationalization in 1980s, Muay Thai became more and more popular all over the world. People are paying more and more attention to its unique practical value.
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