Development history of pipa instrumental music

Pipa is one of the musical instruments and the earliest plucked instrument? Pluck a stringed instrument. Wooden, the speaker is half pear-shaped with four strings on it. Originally made of silk thread, now it is made of steel wire, steel rope and nylon. What is the history of modern Han music in China? Shanghai style? (Pudong School) Pipa and? Zhejiang school? There are two schools of pipa (Pinghu School). The art of Pinghu school pipa has great historical value for studying the history of national music. Welcome to read the following knowledge about pipa. Let's learn pipa together.

Records about pipa first appeared 2000 years ago. In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 BC), Liu Xi, a scholar, wrote in Ming Shi: "Loquat was called loquat before pushing hands, but it was called loquat when pushing hands, just like when drumming, so it was named". However, the shape of the pipa at that time was different from that of today, with a straight neck, a round horn and unstable phonemes and chords. The number of strings varies from four to five or six. This kind of pipa was then called "Qin Pipa" or "Qin Hanzi". In fact, it is the predecessor of our national musical instrument zhongruan today. Its name comes from Ruan Xian, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest in Jin Dynasty. Ruan Xian is famous for playing this kind of pipa. Later generations called this instrument? Ruan xian? , referred to as Ruan. The name of pipa was given to the later music Pipa Xing.

In the 5th and 6th centuries, with the strengthening of commercial and cultural exchanges between China and western countries, a musical pipa was introduced from Central Asia, which was then called "Hupipa". Its shape is a curved neck, pear-shaped speaker, four columns and four strings, much like Ud or UD that is common in Arab countries at present. Hold the pipa horizontally and play it with a pick. Modern pipa is developed from this kind of pipa.

In the Tang Dynasty (7th-9th century), the development of pipa reached a peak. At that time, pipa was indispensable from court band to folk singing, and it became a very popular musical instrument at that time, and it was in a dominant position in the band. This grand occasion is recorded in a large number of China's ancient poems. For example, Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, vividly described the performance of pipa and its acoustic effect in his famous poem Pipa. Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets. Buzzing, whispering-then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. "

By the late Tang Dynasty, the pipa had made great progress from playing techniques to production structure. The most outstanding innovation in playing techniques is that the horizontal grip is changed to the vertical grip, and the finger playing directly replaces the pick playing. The most obvious change in the structure of pipa is the increase from four phonemes to sixteen (that is, four phases and twelve tones). At the same time, its neck is widened, and the lower box is narrowed from wide to narrow, which is convenient for the left hand to press the phoneme. Due to the above two reforms, pipa playing technology has been developed unprecedentedly. According to statistics, there are fifty or sixty fingerings of pipa. To sum up, the right-hand fingering is divided into two systems: one is the wheel fingering system, and the other is the snapping system. Left-handed fingering is also divided into two systems: one is shiatsu system, and the other is push-pull system.

By the 5th century A.D./KLOC, a number of Wu Qu, represented by House of Flying Daggers and Farewell My Concubine, and Wen Qu, represented by Moon High, Love in Spring and Revenge for Your Majesty, had appeared in Pipa. The so-called Wu Qu is characterized by realism and the use of right-handed skills; The so-called Wen Qu is characterized by lyricism and the use of left-handed skills. These pieces of music have become the treasures of China national music and pipa art.

Pipa is traditionally pentatonic. By the time of the Republic of China, the piano code had been increased according to the law of twelve averages. At present, the standard pipa has 30 pieces in eight phases, and its expressive force and adaptability have been greatly strengthened. It can play not only traditional music, but also western and modern works, which is conducive to cooperation with symphony orchestras. This has created conditions for further development. In the middle and late 20th century, the art of pipa had a new development. In the production of pipa, the original silk strings were changed into nylon steel strings, and some even used silver strings, which increased the volume and * * * degrees of pipa. In terms of techniques, the use of left thumb and chords has greatly improved the expressive force of pipa again. As a result, a large number of excellent solo works combining traditional music and modern composition theory have emerged, as well as duets of various instruments and pipa concertos of small bands and symphony orchestras. Entering the 2 1 century, the pipa not only returned to its heyday in China, but also attracted more and more attention from music lovers all over the world. Many traditional music and contemporary works are loved by Chinese and foreign audiences. It can be said that the pipa has begun to move towards the international music scene.