The Contemporary Significance of the Four Sentences of Hengqu

Question 1: What is the significance of the Four Sentences of Hengku to our real life? The four lines of "Hengqu" include: to establish a heart for heaven and earth, to establish a life for the people, to carry on the great learning for the past saints, and to open up peace for the world.

Zhang Zai (1020-1077, Zihou) was a Chinese philosopher of the Northern Song Dynasty. Originally from Daliang (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province), he was born in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), and later resided in Hengqiu Town, County (present-day Hengqiu Town, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), where he had lectured for a long time, and was honored as Mr. Hengqiu.

The "Four Sentences of Hengqu" embodies the state of mind and historical mission of many Chinese intellectuals.

2. The significance of "Four Sentences of Mr. Hengqu" in guiding the intellectuals today

In modern language, "to establish the heart for heaven and earth" means that "scholars have to use their spiritual power to recognize the essence of the objective world (heaven and earth) and the nature of the world". In modern language, "to establish the heart for heaven and earth" means that "scholars should use their spiritual power (heart) to recognize the nature and laws of the objective world (heaven and earth), and establish a solid rational foundation for people to transform the objective world."

In modern language, "to make a life for the people" means that "scholars should care about the fate of the people, reflect the people's voices, alleviate the people's sufferings, and promote the people's well-being". Academic research should not be patronizing, but should be conducive to the well-being of the general public and live and work in peace and happiness.

To put it in modern language, "to continue the learning of the past" means "scholars should critically inherit the academic achievements of their predecessors, create new scientific theories and practical technologies, and make human civilization continue through publicity, education and promotion."

In modern language, the "peace for all ages" means that "scholars should have lofty social ideals, defend the positive and progressive factors in society, attack the negative and backward things in society, and point out to people the bright road to a better future. " Academic research should first of all have realistic humanistic concern, try to avoid adding to the chaos of society; academic research should also have a forward-looking theoretical vision, and strive to withstand the test of history.

Question 2: What is the meaning of the four lines of the horizontal canal?

The meaning of the four lines of the horizontal channel

To establish the heart for heaven and earth, to establish the life for the people, to succeed the great learning for the past saints, and to open the peace for the world.

Translation: To establish the heart of life for heaven and earth, to point out an avenue for the people to follow, to inherit the untransmitted learning of past sages such as Confucius and Mencius, and to open up the foundation of perpetual peace for the world for generations to come.

Question 3: What is the main idea of the "four lines of the horizontal channel" The Northern Song master Zhang Zai (1020-1078), one of the founders of science, with Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, collectively known as the "Northern Song Five". His famous words, "To establish the heart for heaven and earth, to establish the life for the people, to carry on the absolute learning for the saints of the past, and to open peace for the world", were regarded as the "Four Sentences of Hengqu" by the contemporary philosopher Mr. Feng Youlan, which are simple and meaningful. "These four lines have been praised by people for their simplicity and grandiose meaning. Although after nearly a thousand years, these four sentences still have far-reaching practical significance.

I. Establishing the Heart for Heaven and Earth

There are different interpretations of these lines. And because of the difference in understanding, the inspiration to the reader is not exactly the same. It is necessary to y understand Zhang Zai's thought and the main idea of Song Ming philosophy in order to understand the meaning of it. The "reason" of Song and Ming philosophies is actually the fundamental law of heaven and earth and life, and the ultimate concern for the universe and life. According to the rationalists, "reason" is the essence and master of everything, so the "reason" of the Song and Ming philosophers is equivalent to the "Tao" of Laozi and the Taiji of the I Ching.

Therefore, the "heart" of the "heart for heaven and earth" is "reason", which is the fundamental law of nature, the Way of Heaven. The anthropomorphic technique used here is that heaven and earth have no heart, no subjective consciousness, but human beings have a heart, and the human heart is the master of human beings, and the Way of Heaven is the master of heaven and earth, so it is called "the heart of heaven and earth".

The other keyword is "to establish". Heaven and earth have their own laws, which are not man-made, but the laws of heaven and earth, that is, the heart of heaven and earth, are not easily understood by all. Therefore, it is necessary for the sages to reveal the heart of heaven and earth, so that the world can recognize it and follow it, so that we can hopefully reach the commonwealth of the world and create a peaceful world.

Mr. Lu Jiubuan and Mr. Wang Yangming profoundly pointed out that the heart of heaven and earth is in the human heart, the heart is the reason, there is no reason outside the heart, there is nothing outside the heart, the heart of heaven and heavenly reason is the conscience, and only when everyone has a conscience and is united in knowledge and action, will he realize his personal happiness and peace in the world.

As a ruler, the governance of the country must have a reasonable theoretical basis, otherwise, everything is the wood of the trees, the water of the source, and can only be headache and footache, eyebrows and beard, can not be long, and can not realize the people to the ideal society of the original intention. The first thing you need to do is to understand the heart of heaven and earth, and govern the country according to the laws of nature, which should be an unbreakable law.

The key is to understand the meaning of the word "life". Everyone has a life, the key is that all the people of this life is what state, if the "life" is manipulated by others, can not be autonomous, then, the quality of this life will be greatly reduced. As in the case of ancient slaves, the person can be bought and sold by the slave masters at will, so how can we talk about "making a life"? Therefore, the life, is to let the people really realize the independence of personality, fully enjoy the dignity of being a human being.

To let the people live with dignity, in the final analysis, it is necessary to treat the people as human beings. And only in accordance with the nature of each person to live, is to live out of the self, is to treat people as human beings, rather than to alienate people. Therefore, to establish a life for life is actually to guide people to see the heart, to recognize their own nature, to follow their nature, to listen to the call of their hearts, to live their true selves, and to let their personalities get the most out of their lives.

As a ruler, the life of the people, is to serve the people wholeheartedly, is to really let the people in charge, not only in material wealth to guide the people towards prosperity, but also from the spirit of trying to raise the level of the people's hearts, in politics, so that the people can enjoy the freedom of democracy, and education to guide the people to recognize their own selves, live from the self. This is the only way to make a real difference.

Third, for the past saints to succeed the extinct learning

The key lies in the understanding of the word "extinct". The key is the understanding of the word "absolute". Absolute, there are two meanings, one for the very good, first-class, such as "absolute work", is the first-class skills, here refers to the classical learning of the ancient sages, universally applicable to the fundamental truth, in China, is the "I Ching" by the enlightenment of the Taoist system; the second is the fracture, that is, this kind of learning because of the history of the reasons were once interrupted as a sage, should inherit the absolute learning, to serve the masses of people. should pass on the extinct learning to serve the living beings.

Sacred learning has been impacted several times in Chinese history, the Qin fire was the first time, followed by the Western Han Dynasty, Buddhism came to the east at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and y affected the Chinese people in the Tang Dynasty, from the court to the people, Han Yuai and other advocates of the ancient Chinese language movement, which is essentially a revitalization of the sacred Taoism, Song and Ming philosophers used their own understanding of the formation of rationale, and the late Qing Dynasty, Western studies, and the Taoist system of the sacred learning is once again fracture, especially after the Marxist in China, and continues to the present day, the sacred learning is y misunderstood, curbed, and the Taoist system of the Chinese people. The sacred learning has been y misunderstood and curbed, greatly affecting the spiritual life of the Chinese people.

Today, we should still explore the essence of tradition and combine it with the essence of Western culture and social realities to create a prosperous China.

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Question 4: To establish a heart for heaven and earth, to establish a life for the people, to continue the study for the past saints, and to open the peace for the world. What person referred to this as the Four Sentences of the Hengqiu? "To establish a heart for heaven and earth, to establish a life for the people, to carry on the study of the past, and to open up peace for the ages" is a famous saying of the Northern Song Dynasty Confucian scholar Zhang Zai (Zi Hou, known as Mr. Hengqiu). Contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan called it the "Hengqu four sentences".

Question 5: What is the significance of Zhang Zai's "Four Sentences of Hengqu" The heart for heaven and earth is to be born with the heart of a benevolent person who loves and helps the people, and the heart of a saint who is open and fair.

The phrase "to establish a life for the people" comes directly from Mencius' idea of "establishing a life". Mengzi? The Heart of Perfection". Zhang Zai labeled "for the people to establish life", in fact, that is, for the "people of my countrymen" to "establish life", the establishment of life lies in the teaching, "cultivation of the so-called education "The first thing I'd like to say is that I'm not sure what I'm talking about.

"For the past saints to follow the extinct learning", said the "past saints", Song Confucianism, of course, refers to Confucius, Mencius, represented by the Confucian; "extinct learning" is the promotion of Taoism. In fact, in our view today, can refer to the promotion of the essence of traditional culture.

"For the sake of the world to open the peace". The concepts of "peace" and "commonwealth" are socio-political ideals since the Duke of Zhou and Confucius. In the Northern Song Dynasty, politicians and thinkers represented by Fan Zhongyan and Li Mi'ui all put forward the idea of "bringing peace to the world". Zhang Zai was not limited to the current order of "peace", but looked forward to the issue of "peace" for "all times" with a more far-reaching vision, which is what makes him so extraordinary. The understanding of the "Four Sentences" cannot be divorced from the background of the founding of the early Song Dynasty. The ruler of the Zhao-Song dynasty summarized the lessons learned from the long division of the country, and in order to rebuild the social order, he established the state policy of "establishing the state by Confucianism". In this policy environment, the greatest concern of the Northern Song scholars, represented by Zhang Zai and others, was to lay an eternal spiritual foundation for the ideal order pursued by Confucianism, rather than to recognize the "laws of nature. In short, the Four Principles involve the spiritual values of society and the people, the meaning of life, the inheritance of Confucianism, and political ideals.

Question 6: Read the "four lines of the horizontal canal" of the essay The stem is unclear