Specific knowledge of rural endowment insurance

The new rural social endowment insurance is a social endowment insurance system organized and implemented by the government to ensure the basic livelihood of rural residents in their old age. This paper explores the policy support, financing mechanism, coverage and treatment level of the new rural old-age insurance system in Anhui Province, points out the problems existing in the new rural old-age insurance system in Anhui Province, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, aiming at providing reference for the development of the new rural old-age insurance system in Anhui Province and providing relevant experience for the development of rural old-age security systems in other regions.

Key words:

New rural endowment insurance; Population aging; Pilot program of endowment insurance

With the aging of the population in China, the problem of old-age security has been gradually concerned by everyone. According to the data of the sixth national census, the proportion of people aged 60 and above is 13.26%, which is 2.93% higher than the 2000 census, among which the proportion of people aged 65 and above is 8.87%, which is 1.9 1 higher than the 2000 census. The change of population age structure in China shows that with the rapid development of China's economy and society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards and medical and health care level, the fertility rate has been kept at a low level, and the process of population aging is gradually accelerating. On the whole, 20 1 1 will develop rapidly by 2020, and will continue to climb upwards by 20021by 2040, and will always maintain a high level of operation from 2040 to 2060. Therefore, it is urgent to further accelerate the improvement of the old-age security system.

1 Current research background of new rural endowment insurance in Anhui Province

1. 1 The situation of rural population aging in Anhui Province As can be seen from the data, the current situation of population aging in Anhui Province is very severe. First, the aging population is growing rapidly. According to the sixth census, the population over the age of 65 in Anhui Province has reached 6.057 million, accounting for 10. 18% of the total population of the province, which is 2.73% higher than the fifth national census in 2000. Secondly, the aging degree of rural population is much higher than that of cities. In 2005, the proportion of rural population in the province was 66.5%, and the rural elderly population accounted for 76.5% of the elderly population in the province. Finally, with the growth of living material demand, the rural labor force is constantly shifting, which makes the proportion of rural elderly population also rise. According to the data of population sampling survey in 2006, the floating population across towns in Anhui Province for more than half a year has exceeded 20.9% of the registered population, and the absolute number has reached130,000. It can be seen that the aging trend of Anhui population is very serious.

1.2 In recent years, the promotion process of rural old-age insurance in Anhui Province Since the rural old-age insurance in Anhui Province was assigned to the labor and social security department by the Civil Affairs Department in August 2000, under the theme of building a new socialist countryside and building a harmonious socialist society, the labor and social security departments at all levels in the province have been steadily promoting the development of new rural old-age insurance. In 2005, the Anhui provincial government issued "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Employment and Social Security for Land-expropriated Farmers", requiring the whole province to achieve full coverage of the old-age insurance system for land-expropriated farmers within three years. It is stipulated that from August 1 2007, the labor and social security departments should strictly audit the social security work of landless farmers to ensure the implementation of the system. At present, the old-age security system for landless farmers has been basically implemented in the province.

1.3 A series of achievements of the pilot work (1) implemented "grain for insurance" in the main grain producing areas, directly subsidized farmers based on the actual situation of low cash income of farmers, and raised the old-age insurance fund by means of "the state makes up a little and farmers pay a little", which opened up new ideas and new ways for establishing a new rural old-age insurance system. Because the purchase and sale of grain operate according to the market, farmers are more willing to adopt the way of "supplementary food funds guarantee". The problem of selling grain in the past has been solved. (2) Endowment insurance for rural family planning objects has been generally established. All the pilot areas have issued regulations to pay old-age insurance for the only child and two female households, which organically combined rural old-age insurance with rural family planning work and played a role in promoting each other. (3) The endowment insurance for migrant workers has made some progress. First of all, the concept of endowment insurance has been established. Secondly, it also laid a foundation for young and middle-aged laborers to participate in the old-age insurance system economically. Therefore, many people return to their hometowns to participate in agricultural insurance, accumulate pension funds, and even some migrant workers transfer insurance premiums from abroad to their hometowns.

2 Anhui new rural endowment insurance problems

2. 1 Imperfect system (1) The starting point of security level is low. According to the "Implementation Opinions" of Anhui Province, the participants of the new rural insurance in pilot counties and cities can get financial subsidies in 30 yuan at the provincial level and in the pilot areas, and the standard of personal account pension payment is 100 yuan per year to 500 yuan, and the pilot counties and cities can adjust according to local actual conditions. For the individual payment standard, the incentive mode of overpayment and overpayment is implemented, and the payment is based on 100 yuan. When the payment period reaches 15 years, the basic pension will increase by 1% for each additional year, with the maximum not exceeding 10%. 500 yuan and above will not be rewarded, that is, 5 yuan will not exceed 20 yuan for each additional grade. (2) The financial investment is too low, which makes the industry unable to feed back agriculture, and the support for the countryside is not enough, which not only affects the enthusiasm of farmers, but also inhibits the improvement of the new rural insurance. (3) On the one hand, the nominal low-level payment and subsidies are limited by farmers' own cultural level and concepts; On the other hand, due to the low income level, the payment level is suppressed. At the same time, from the operational level, there is no collective subsidy operation mechanism, and the financing mechanism of farmers' endowment insurance has completely become a model of government subsidies and individual contributions.

2.2 Incomplete institutional platform (1) As far as the current situation is concerned, the agricultural insurance institutional platforms of some cities, districts, towns and villages in Anhui Province have been established, but they are not sound enough. Due to the shortage of personnel, low comprehensive quality and high working expenses, the brain drain phenomenon is more serious. With the gradual coverage of the new rural old-age insurance, the quality of the original personnel has been difficult to meet the requirements of urban and rural development, and there are widespread phenomena such as older age, lower professional level and lack of computer operation skills, which makes the healthy and steady development of the new rural old-age insurance unable to be effectively guaranteed. (2) Information system construction is relatively slow. As a national policy of our country, the new rural endowment insurance needs to be highly consistent in operation and implementation during the pilot period, and so does the software system. Due to the lag in the construction of national and provincial new rural endowment insurance information system, in order to cope with the assessment, the system construction is not unified, which leads to the waste of manpower, material resources and time. The distributed construction of information system leads to a lot of waste of funds and human resources, and also brings trouble to the future work handover.

2.3 There are many obstacles in the business environment (1), and farmers' awareness is weak. Due to the limitation of educational level and the deep-rooted traditional concept of providing for the aged, the level of understanding is low. In the absence of perfect propaganda work, the lag of understanding leads to the lag of action. (2) Due to the excessive financial pressure of the government, the new rural endowment insurance was officially launched in February 2009. The central government has earmarked 810.35 billion yuan, and the matching funds of provinces and counties are10.08 billion yuan. In 20 10, the central government transferred 790 million yuan, and the matching funds of provinces and counties reached 2180,000 yuan. The provincial budget coverage rate has rapidly increased from 26% to 60%, and it has achieved full coverage in 20 12 years. During this period, with the continuous expansion of coverage, the continuous improvement of participation rate and the increasing number of pensioners, the demand for related matching funds is also growing. Influenced by the external environment and in order to ensure the implementation of other policies, the contradiction between revenue and expenditure has become increasingly prominent, and the financial pressure is also increasing. (3) The rural economic foundation is relatively weak. In 20 10, the per capita income of rural residents in Anhui was 5,285 yuan, ranking only 18 in the whole country, which was still far behind the national 59 19 yuan. Due to the limitation of income, there is uncertainty between property income and wage income, and the problem of old-age security is still outstanding. The important reason lies in the weak economic foundation.

3 Anhui new rural old-age insurance to improve the recommendations and countermeasures

3. 1 Strengthening the government responsibility pension insurance system is the basic requirement for maintaining social fairness and justice. When the social economy develops and the country grows, the government has the responsibility to let farmers and urban citizens enjoy the same social security benefits. Nowadays, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" put forward by the CPC Central Committee requires that agricultural modernization has made remarkable progress, people's living standards and quality have generally improved, the rural poor have been lifted out of poverty under the current standards in China, and all poverty-stricken counties have taken off their hats to solve regional overall poverty, and the national quality and social civilization have been significantly improved. Facing the new rural endowment insurance system, Anhui's "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" also needs to keep pace with the central government. However, at present, Anhui farmers' income level is low, which is in the middle and lower reaches of the country. To promote economic development, we should not only strive to increase farmers' income, but also tap the potential of rural consumption. The imperfection of social security system will bring many worries to farmers and limit the growth of rural consumption demand. Therefore, we should understand the great significance of rural old-age insurance construction mainly from the political and economic aspects, and change the long-standing concept of emphasizing cities over rural areas, so as to change this practice. By mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers, we can improve the level of old-age security and realize the construction of social security system, economy and society.

3.2 Improve the level of government subsidies Article 20 of the Social Insurance Law stipulates that "the state shall establish and improve a new rural endowment insurance system". But there is no clear requirement for the government's financial input. The Guiding Opinions stipulates that the state should raise the basic pension in a timely manner, but the lack of specific provisions on how to support it has a great impact on the central and local financial budgets, leading to excessive investment in the new rural insurance. Due to the national conditions, the traditional consciousness of the government and the assessment mechanism designed according to the template, the financial expenditure is biased towards the development direction of GDP, so the investment in rural endowment insurance is still insufficient. As an important part of a country's social security system, the government needs to play a leading role and become the main body of system supply. Relevant data also show that the rural old-age insurance system under China's national conditions can only get the impetus of sustainable development if it is combined with government subsidies. First, increase investment in rural endowment insurance and gradually reduce the proportion of individual contributions. A large amount of profits extracted from agriculture can be returned to farmers in the form of security funds, and at the same time, relevant funds can be established to narrow the subsidy differences among regions. Secondly, reform the fiscal, monetary and tax systems, change the original model, change the fiscal expenditure structure by increasing fiscal revenue, and give priority to solving various livelihood issues. Finally, strengthen budget preparation, ensure the transparency and intensity of implementation, reduce costs and ensure that funds are used in the cutting edge.

3.3 Strengthening policy propaganda and supervision Under the current national conditions, farmers can only receive limited knowledge education, and many farmers have no clear understanding of the new rural insurance. Therefore, it is urgent to enhance the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in the new rural endowment insurance. It is of great significance to improve farmers' awareness of self-protection and make them understand and support self-protection. In addition, it is necessary to establish and improve the internal supervision system and the fund audit system, standardize the operation behavior of various departments, and disclose the use of relevant funds at any time to be open and transparent.

4 conclusion

As a major agricultural province in China, Anhui has an unbalanced level of development between urban and rural areas and a huge gap in economic level between regions, which leads to an imbalance in farmers' income level. Due to the unbalanced investment of local governments, Anhui's new rural endowment insurance has gradually become a multi-level system. By analyzing the economic and social characteristics of Anhui Province, according to the relevant data and a series of policies adopted by the state under the current background, this paper sums up some problems existing in the design, implementation and operation environment of the new rural endowment insurance system in Anhui Province. And by strengthening the government's responsibility, perfecting and establishing relevant mechanisms, improving the government's subsidy level, making suggestions for this security system, thus narrowing the differences between rural areas, and then narrowing the differences between urban and rural old-age security levels. This is a long and complicated process, which requires not only the support, leadership and promotion of the government, but also the efforts of every farmer.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.