Basic knowledge of cantonese opera

There are five major operas in China: Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera and Henan Opera. Storytelling is a traditional form of drama in China, which is a combination of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and various performing arts. It has a long history of origin, and there were budding songs and dances as early as primitive society. In the long process of development, after more than 800 years of continuous enrichment, renewal and development, a relatively complete system of traditional Chinese opera art has gradually formed. Although its origin comes from three different artistic forms: folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque, the biggest feature that distinguishes a drama is that its musical vocals come from different vocal music systems. These musical vocals are based on the language, folk songs and folk music of the region where they are produced. It is produced by absorbing music from other regions. Most of the characters in all kinds of dramas are filled by characters with different faces such as birth, Dan, purity and ugliness. In performance, it emphasizes stylized movements and virtual space processing based on life refinement. Paying equal attention to singing, reading, doing and playing, performing and dancing are rich and technical, which constitutes a complete opera art system different from other operas. Beijing opera is the quintessence of our country. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic areas of China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), there have been many traditional dramas, new historical dramas and modern dramas adapted to express the theme of modern life. They were warmly welcomed by the audience. The more popular and famous operas are: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Guangdong Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingju Opera, Jin Opera, Han Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Qi Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Anqing Huangmei Opera, Hunan Opera and so on. Among them, Peking Opera is the most popular. Therefore, it is called "play". China's operas mainly include Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, legends and legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties, traditional repertoire of modern Peking Opera and other local operas. Is the floorboard of China national drama culture. [Edit this paragraph] The three artistic features of drama are comprehensiveness, virtuality and proceduralization-(1) Comprehensive China drama is a national art with strong comprehensiveness, which is not only reflected in its integration of various artistic categories (such as dance and acrobatics), but also in its exquisite and profound performing arts. Various artistic factors are closely combined with the performing arts. All the functions of China's traditional drama are realized by the actors' performances. Among them, the organic composition of singing, reciting, doing and hitting the actors is the most concentrated and prominent embodiment of the comprehensiveness of China traditional operas. Singing refers to singing, emphasizing "clear pronunciation and mellow voice"; Reading aloud, that is, reading aloud, is a strict reciting skill. The so-called "one thousand pounds of oral part sings four Liang"; Doing refers to doing work, which is the character and expression; Beating refers to the martial arts action in performance, which is a combination of dance martial arts skills formed on the basis of China traditional martial arts. These four expressions are sometimes interrelated and sometimes cross each other, and the composition depends on the needs of the plot, but they are all unified into a comprehensive whole, reflecting the beauty of harmony. China Opera is a dramatic form full of musical spirit (sense of rhythm), which is centered on the comprehensive performance of singing, reading, doing and acting, and has formal beauty. (2) Fictitiousness is the basic way for drama to reflect life. It refers to comparing the real environment or objects with the actors' performances in a deformed way to express life. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is first manifested in the flexibility of dealing with the stage space-time. The so-called "three-five-to-five-to-world" has six or seven people and millions of soldiers, and the abbot is in Wan Li. In a blink of an eye, a column of incense has been fragrant for thousands of years, breaking through the limitations of "three unifications" and "the fourth wall" of western drama. Secondly, scheduling in a specific stage atmosphere and actors' simulation of some life actions, such as windy and rainy, riding a horse, threading a needle and so on. It more strongly and vividly reflects the virtual characteristics of China's traditional operas. The facial makeup of Chinese opera is also a virtual way. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is not only caused by the poor stage of China's traditional operas and the backward techniques of dancing beauty, but also the product of the accumulation of national traditional aesthetic thoughts that pursue the likeness of spirit and convey the spirit with form. At this time, it is the creation of beauty, which greatly liberates the creativity of writers and stage artists and the artistic imagination of the audience. In this way, the aesthetic value of traditional Chinese opera is greatly improved. (3) Procedural procedure is a manifestation of China traditional operas reflecting life. It refers to the standardization, dance performance and reuse of life movements. The program directly or indirectly comes from life, but it is formed by refining, summarizing and beautifying life according to certain norms. It embodies the painstaking efforts of artists of all ages and becomes the starting point for a new generation of actors to re-create, so the performing arts of traditional Chinese opera can be passed down from generation to generation. There are fixed formats for closing the door, pushing the window, getting on the horse, getting on the boat and going upstairs. In addition to performing programs, traditional Chinese opera has certain programs in script form, role-playing, music singing, makeup and clothing, etc. Excellent artists can break through some restrictions of the program. Create your own personalized normative art. Procedure is a model of beauty. [Edit this paragraph] The origin and formation of China traditional opera has a long history. It originated from songs and dances that imitate labor. (1) Pre-Qin-the embryonic stage of China traditional opera. The "Ode" in The Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in The Songs of Chu are the lyrics of singing and dancing when offering sacrifices to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, from the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Middle Tang Dynasty, there appeared Corner Arrival (that is, Hundred Dramas), Joining the Army, and Stepping on Mother, all of which were budding dramas. (2) Tang Dynasty (middle and late period)-the formation period of drama. After the middle Tang Dynasty, traditional Chinese opera. The art of drama has gradually taken shape. (3) Song and Jin Dynasties-the period of drama development. "Zaju" in Song Dynasty, "Ben Yuan" in Jin Dynasty and "Zhu Gong Tune" in rap form all laid the foundation of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty in music, structure and content. (4) Yuan Dynasty-the mature stage of drama. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Zaju" developed greatly on the original basis.

2. Knowledge of Peking Opera and Cantonese Opera

Don't you see a lot of things from "Beijing Opera" and "Cantonese Opera"? Or do you need something specific? Peking Opera, also known as Pihuang, includes two basic tones, Xipi and Huanger. It also sings some local tunes (such as Liu Zi Opera and Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai.

1840 was formed in Beijing and prevailed in 1930s and 40s. It is sometimes called "National Opera". It is still a big drama with national influence.

It is the representative of China modern opera, with comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum. Peking Opera is the quintessence of China with a history of 200 years. "

"Cantonese opera, formerly known as drama or Cantonese opera, originated from Southern Opera. 1522 to 1566 (Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty) began to appear in Guangdong and Guangxi. It is a performing art that combines chorus, musicians' music, stage costumes and abstract forms. Every business of Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes.

The language of the original performance was Zhongyuan phonology, also known as Opera House Mandarin. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, in order to publicize the revolution, intellectuals changed their singing language to Cantonese to make it easier for Cantonese people to understand.

Cantonese opera was included in the first batch of 5 18 national intangible cultural heritage list published on May 20, 2006. On September 30, 2009, Cantonese opera was recognized by UNESCO and included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind. "

———————— From Baidu Encyclopedia.

3. What are the characteristics of Cantonese opera?

On the basis of Bangzi and Huang Er, Guangdong artists absorbed a part of Kunqu opera and some minor tunes from other provinces, forming the original singing method of Cantonese opera.

Later, in the middle of19th century, an "eight-tone class" appeared in the form of an opera oratorio. Its aria is basically the same as that of the drama, and it also sings eight Le Shu, such as Lu's "Distinguishing Monks and Demons", and plays some tunes, which is the origin of Cantonese Quyi.

After that, the development trend of Cantonese opera was to keep moving closer to localization, but the pace of development was still very slow until the end of19th century. During this period, Cantonese opera (called "half-version" at that time) had the following characteristics: 1. The northern sounds were all used for lyrics and chanting, commonly known as "playing Mandarin", and the singers of Wushu, Xiaowu, Xiao Sheng, Laosheng and Dangjiao were separated, with distinct industries, so the audience did not need to watch. Besides Danny, I also use falsetto; (For details, see the appendix "The Business and Throat of Early Cantonese Opera". Secondly, in a aria, Bangzi, Huang Er, Xipi and Paizi are divided into paragraphs, and they are never mixed with each other. Third, the melody is simple and the beat is fast.

In addition, some blind male and female folk artists and some geisha in Guangdong (underage geisha are called "pipa") sang pure Guangdong local pop music such as Nanyin, Yuefu, Banyan and Dragon Boat in Cantonese, but they were not absorbed by Cantonese music at that time. .

I want to know about Cantonese opera for myself.

Shenzhen Cantonese Opera Troupe is the oldest literary and artistic group in Shenzhen. Since its establishment nearly 30 years ago, it has trained a number of outstanding actors such as, Huang, Lai Qiongxia and so on. Not only is it famous in the national drama circle, but it also has a high reputation overseas.

The original modern Cantonese opera Tuoge Banner has become a banner of Shenzhen culture. He won the "Cao Yu Drama Award" of the 7th China Drama Festival and the 13 awards for script, director, music, dance beauty, performance and costume, etc. In 2003, he won the drama award of the National Stage Art Nomination Award and the "Five One Projects" award of the Propaganda Department of the CPC. However, following the "Camel Brother's Flag" in 2003, Shenzhen Cantonese Opera Troupe has never launched a new drama, and the number of troupes has also been reduced from 60 to 44.

The income of the troupe is partly supported by performances, and most of it is supported by property rental and funds. Recently, Shenzhen Theatre held a large-scale public welfare cultural activity of "Weekend Cantonese Opera".

5. What is the language of Cantonese opera?

Cantonese opera, also known as "Grand Drama" or "Guangdong Grand Drama", is a kind of Han opera.

Originated from southern opera, it began to appear in Guangdong and Guangxi during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. It is a performing art that integrates singing, reading, playing, musicians' music, stage costumes and abstract forms. Every business of Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes.

Cantonese opera was included in the first batch of 5 18 national intangible cultural heritage list published on May 20, 2006. On September 30, 2009, Cantonese opera was recognized by UNESCO and included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind.

Cantonese opera is the largest local opera in Guangdong Province. With the immigration of Guangdong Chinese and their love and singing of Cantonese opera, Cantonese opera has spread all over the world. Singapore is known as "the second hometown of Cantonese opera".

6. China traditional opera knowledge.

Traditional Chinese opera is a traditional art of the Chinese nation.

It consists of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. Its origin has a long history. In the long development process, after more than 800 years of enrichment, innovation and development. It pays attention to singing, doing, reading and playing, and is full of dance and high technology. Its composition is different from other operas, and it has become a complete system of traditional Chinese opera art.

According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of traditional operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic minority areas in China. After the founding of New China, many traditional plays have been adapted, and new historical plays and modern plays that express the theme of modern life have been warmly welcomed by the audience.

The more popular and famous operas are Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Guangdong Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Han Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Huangmei Opera and Hunan Opera. There are more than 50 kinds of operas, especially Peking Opera, which is the most popular, covering the whole country, regardless of geographical restrictions. However, in recent years, the development of China's drama art has become increasingly weak, and it has been impacted by new art.

In particular, songs from Hong Kong and Taiwan flooded into the mainland, idolized, a student who longed for stars, but knew little about the artistic treasures of our Chinese nation. China's ancient drama is called "drama" because it is mainly composed of "drama" and "qu".

China's operas mainly include Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, legends and legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and traditional repertoires of modern Peking Opera and other local operas. Is the floorboard of China national drama culture. Modern drama mainly refers to drama, opera, ballet, etc. Since the 20th century, drama has been introduced from the west, while foreign drama generally refers to drama.

China opera has a long history, which originated from songs and dances imitating labor. (A) Pre-Qin-the embryonic stage of China traditional opera.

The "Ode" in The Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in The Songs of Chu are the lyrics of singing and dancing when offering sacrifices to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, recreational songs and dances gradually evolved.

From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the mid-Tang Dynasty, there appeared "Jiao Di" (that is, a hundred plays), in which "joining the army" performed in a question-and-answer way and "dancers" performing short stories of life were all budding plays. (2) The Tang Dynasty (middle and late period)-the formation period of traditional Chinese opera.

After the mid-Tang Dynasty, China's drama advanced by leaps and bounds, and the art of drama gradually took shape. (3) Song and Jin Dynasties-the development period of China traditional opera.

"Zaju" in Song Dynasty, "Courtyard Style" in Jin Dynasty and "Zhu Gong Tune" in rap form all laid the foundation of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty in music, structure and content. (D) Yuan Dynasty-the mature period of China traditional opera.

In the Yuan Dynasty, "Zaju" developed greatly on the original basis and became a new kind of drama. It has the basic characteristics of drama, which indicates that China's drama has entered a mature stage.

Yuan Zaju is a comprehensive stage art that inherits and develops the literary achievements of the previous generation on the fertile soil of folk operas, and is improved and created through the joint efforts of teaching workshops, theaters, actors, musicians and "book clubs". Metaphysically, Yuan Zaju uses four sets of northern songs to arrange stories, and the disjointed parts are combined with wedges to form the usual format of four folds and one wedge (Wang Shifu's The West Chamber is a unique novel in Yuan Zaju, * * * wrote five 2/kloc-0 folds), and each fold is composed of several tunes of the same palace tune, and a "wedge" is added when necessary.

At the end, two, four and eight lines are used to summarize the content of the whole play, which is called "getting to the point". Each fold includes three parts: Qu Ci, Bai Hua () and ().

The lyrics are written according to the music cards that the tutor needs, also called Wen Qu, lyrics or lyric poems. Its function is to tell stories and portray characters.

All the lyrics rhyme. Vernacular writing is an artistic means to express the plot or explain the relationship between characters in the form of words, which can be divided into dialogue (dialogue between characters), monologue (words that characters express their personal feelings and wishes alone), narration (words that characters recite to the audience from other players on the stage) and vernacular writing (words inserted in lyrics).

The subject is action, expression, etc. A play is usually sung by one person to the end or the end, and the other feet are all white.

The lead singer at the end of the program is called "Final Book", and the lead singer at the end of the program is called "Final Book". Foot color: tail: male horn.

The hero is the hero in Yuan Zaju. Dan: Play a female role.

Zheng Dan (the heroine in the play), Xiao Dan and Cha Dan. Jing: Commonly known as "painted face" and "painted face", most of them play male roles with special characters or appearances.

For example, Yuan, a civil servant (government official), falls into this category. Ugliness: Also known as "Three Faces" or "Small Faces", it plays humorous roles, including Wen Chou and Wu Ugly.

Foreigner: There are foreignness, foreignness and foreignness in Yuan Zaju. , which are the secondary roles at the end, Dan and Jing. Inside job-the end of the outside.

Miscellaneous: Also known as "miscellaneous". Play the role name of the old woman.

Such as: Cai. In just a few decades, Yuan Zaju writers have created at least 500 or 600 plays, and more than 50 plays of/kloc-0 are still preserved today.

These works comprehensively and profoundly reflect the social life of the Yuan Dynasty, and many of them have become valuable cultural heritage of our country. For example, Guan Hanqing's "Dou Eyuan" describes the tragic experience of the kind and naive child bride Dou E, reflects the cruel exploitation of usurers, extortion by local ruffians and the perverting of the law by corrupt officials, profoundly exposes the dark reality of the Yuan Dynasty society, and praises the strong will and indomitable resistance spirit of the oppressed.

With the help of historical themes, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty describes Wang Zhaojun's loyalty to the country, Mao Yanshou's betrayal of the country and the corruption and incompetence of his officials, mercilessly exposes the national oppression of the Yuan Dynasty and satirizes the rulers at that time. Wang Shifu's The West Chamber describes the story of young men and women fighting for the autonomy of marriage in feudal society.

From stunning, couplets to refusing to get married, Cui Yingying's desire for love has been fully demonstrated. However, she was born in a famous family and was influenced and bound by feudal ethics. As a result, she had twists and turns such as "making trouble with Jane" and "relying on Jane".

She finally embarked on the road of rebellion in such scenes as Listening to Qin Qu, The Book of Rites and The Pavilion, which added a strong comic color to her works. The whole drama focuses on Cui Yingying, Zhang Xun and the matchmaker, and revolves around the contradiction between fighting for marital autonomy and obeying "parents' orders".

7. China traditional opera knowledge.

Chinese opera 1 and Chinese opera is a comprehensive stage art style.

Its characteristic is that many art forms are gathered together by a standard, and their respective personalities are reflected in the same nature. These forms mainly include: poetry, music and dance.

Poetry refers to its literature, music refers to its music accompaniment and dance refers to its performance. In addition, it also includes stage art, clothing, makeup and so on.

These artistic factors are all for one purpose in China traditional operas, that is, acting stories; Everyone follows a principle, which is beauty. 2. In a word, China traditional opera is characterized by "singing and dancing to tell stories" (Wang Guowei, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty).

Traditional Chinese opera and drama in China belong to drama, and they all play characters through actors, and express stories of a certain length through dialogues and actions. The difference is that China traditional opera uses musical dialogue and dance movements to express real life, that is, the means of singing and dancing.

Also known as "singing, reading, doing and playing". 3. China's traditional operas express life in a way of "taking its meaning and abandoning its shape", such as freehand brushwork in Chinese painting, which reflects all the beautiful things in life with vertical and horizontal strokes.

Therefore, there are red-faced Guan Yu and white-faced Cao Cao on the opera stage; When you were in Long song, you cried and danced with long sleeves; With the spring scenery without flowers and trees, there is no river without waves. 4. As a stage art, China opera needs to face the contradiction between the narrowness of the stage and the vastness of life.

Unlike drama, China traditional opera does not squeeze life with the principle of "three unifications" to facilitate expression. Instead, we use virtual means to create flexible time and space, and complete the description of the vast world with the help of the vivid performance of actors and the imagination and understanding of the audience.

Therefore, opera can create the illusion of night under bright lights, and it can ride horses and sail on an empty stage.

8. It is best to study Cantonese opera in detail, which is needed by the elderly.

I think many people have some throat restrictions and feel that they are not suitable for singing.

In fact, most people can sing very well, even if their voices are poor, they can be gradually cultivated through self-training. In fact, singing has reached a certain stage, which can be said to be gradually less vocal. When some people sing, they will lower their voices with their hands to prevent their voices from rising. Actually, there is a reason. But this is not the right way to sing, because if their voices are depressed and they don't go up, they won't sing splits, but with their hands. It will have a certain influence on your voice, but it will not have a substantial influence, not to say that you can really sing. But not all songs have to be sung in a low voice. For example, the same song, a fine-tuned version of a female voice, needs to be sung up with your voice. Everyone who can sing knows that singing needs gas to sing, and how to use gas is the key to singing. Where does the gas come from? How to practice qi? In fact, the breath comes from the abdomen, but the breath is lifted up. The throat is just a voice, not a loud shout, so the utilization rate of the throat is less than that of people who can't sing. But after the breath passes through the throat, it rushes into the forehead, forehead, back of the head and nose, thus achieving real singing. The nasal sound can be adjusted by itself. However, the forehead * * vibration is very big. If you reach a certain stage, just like smelling flowers, gently cut and inhale evenly. However, Dantian Qi actually has many exercise methods, such as practicing martial arts, singing all the time every day, and yelling like a madman every day. But here I am a practice method that no one has heard of. I use a pillow (filled with sand) and put it on my stomach. I lie down and practice my voice and sing. Soon you will gradually feel your breath. There is a more important common sense below, that is, you must open your mouth before singing. Opening your mouth means, for example, shouting, or hanging your voice like learning vocal music, that is, from bass to treble.

Up and down. Only after opening your mouth can your voice reach a better state, otherwise you will sometimes feel that you can't sing. When I was learning to sing, my teacher taught me a way to sound. Voice is born, singing is acquired. So the voice is not practiced. I'll tell you how. Can you give yourself a taste? First, exhale all the air in the lungs. Then, hold your breath and put your hand on your lower abdomen. That is to say, it is often said that Zen days make Zen days bulge hard, and the hand should react on Zen days. When you drum up, you should gradually exert yourself. Don't pop out at once. From the beginning to the limit, to the strongest time, and finally, it lasts for about five seconds. Relax gradually, don't relax. Be careful not to breathe for five seconds.

This is a cycle. Practice this for two hours every day for six months. Your singing skills will be strong, but don't stop halfway, especially in the first seven days of the week. Be sure to stick to the second answer, practice more vital capacity, swim more and run more! Watch more music videos, watch more mouths of other singers when singing, and imitate more! It's best to find a professional teacher for guidance, so as not to go astray and damage the vocal cords. You should be careful not to use vocal cords more, so that the sound can spread far and steadily, and pay attention to the use of breath, otherwise your vocal cords will cocoon. Singing is an art. To improve children's ability to express songs, it is necessary to train singing skills, including singing posture, breathing, vocalization and articulation. First, the correct singing posture is not only the expression of the singer's good mentality, but also related to the use of breath, the adjustment of singing and the effect of singing. During training, students should develop good singing habits, so that their eyes are straight, their jaws are adducted, their necks are straight but not tense, their spine is straight, their abdomen is miniature and their waist is stable.

Second, breathing in singing is to inhale first. When doing breathing exercises, you should first do a good job in singing, keep your waist straight, relax your chest and shoulders, keep your head free, and look far away. Your expression is full of affection from the heart to the face. Then, you can relax your chest by sighing happily. When inhaling, the mouth is slightly open, the soft and hard palate is lifted, and with the eyebrow lifting action, the attention is focused on the waist and waist excitedly. But don't exhale too deeply, or your chest and abdomen will be stiff, which will affect the flexibility of your voice and the accuracy of your pitch. Don't make any noise when inhaling. On the contrary, it will not only affect the artistic effect of singing, but also make it difficult to inhale deeply and affect the support of breath. Therefore, in daily life, we should develop the habit of rib expansion and abdomen miniaturization.

3. Vocal music practice is a comprehensive basic singing training. Learning to sing must start with the most basic vocal exercises. 1, do exercises to get the fulcrum of breath, experience the coordination of sound absorption and sound production, and use scientific humming methods to understand and adjust your singing.

2, learn to open your mouth to sing, the upper and lower teeth are loose, and the chin has a loose "falling feeling." 3. When singing an octave, from low to high, the vowels are not broken and the oropharyngeal cavity is opened from small to large at the same time.

4, the breath is smooth, and the sound is smooth and smooth. Fourth, the purpose of accurate and clear pronunciation practice is to sing songs more perfectly in the final analysis, so we must pay attention to the clarity of pronunciation and articulation, correctly grasp the echo of language, clarify the structural laws of Chinese, and practice in combination with song tunes, pronunciation and articulation.

When practicing singing, each word should be read several times according to the pronunciation method, and then combined with vocal music practice, the words should be accompanied by sounds, so that the words are clear and mellow, and the focus of vowels should be as close as possible to the concentration point of the vocal area when singing, so that the * * * sounds of the three vocal areas can be connected and adjusted flexibly. The art of singing is the art of combining sound with literature. When we sing a good song, we can't just talk about the voice without feeling, and vice versa. It is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the ideological content, expression, songwriter and creative background of this song.