Art Design Lecture 15 Lecture 3 _ Constructivism

Two? The influence of modernist art on modern art design?

It can be said that Russian "constructivism", Dutch "de stijl" and German "Bauhaus" all gave birth to modern art design. The first two are famous for their artistic movements, and then they have an impact on artistic design. Bauhaus absorbed the outstanding achievements of the first two and carried out modern art design education and practice activities.

(A) Russian Constructivism movement promoted the combination of art and machine production (the influence of constructivism)

(1) In the 1920s, Russian art circles were influenced by cubism and futurism, and modern art flourished.

The influence of cubism on Russian art world is mainly attributed to the young Russian artist Vladimin Tatlin. Influenced by Picasso, he thought that instead of drawing things in space on a flat canvas, it would be better to simply make works of art three-dimensional. He followed Picasso's paste expression and connected artistic works with sawdust, cardboard, iron wire and textiles. Tatlin's exploration laid the foundation for his later establishment of constructivism.

(2) The influence of futurism on Russia is not as smooth as cubism. Russian futurism more reflects the social contradictions on the eve of the revolution. Russians despise the "upper class" and deny capitalism and all the cultures of the "old world", but they revolutionize art for the revolutionary new society.

Because Russian art is influenced by cubism and futurism in the process of abstraction, some artists call their works "cubism futurism". In the development of stereoscopic futurism, two artists, Malevik and Kandinsky, accelerated the abstraction process of this genre. The supremacism initiated by Malevic led to the birth and growth of modern art schools in Russia, and later replaced three-dimensional futurism. Tatlin, Rodchenko, Lischi and other artists gathered under the banner of supremacism and developed their own abstract art. (3) The outbreak of World War I 19 14 promoted the success of the October Revolution in Russia. The abstract poster work Red Wedge Attacks the White Army by architect El Lisicki expresses the artist's support for the proletarian revolution. After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union paid attention to the practicality of fine arts very early, and the revolutionary regime began the process of making machine production artistic. 1918-1921year, the education commission set up the "art production Soviet" privately and organized the "art workshop" in the factory. 1920 10, the Soviet Union established the "Art Production Committee" under the Supreme National Economic Conference to be responsible for the art design of factory production.

The critical movement of avant-garde art made some left-wing artists enter the team of "artistic production". The main critics of the whole movement are Kandinsky, Malevic and Lisicksky, who split the thriving modern art in the Soviet Union. The slogan of critics is "let art integrate into life" and "let art be as close to the people as possible".

The response of left-wing artists is not the trend of the times, but has a profound background of the times: first, the formation of various modern art schools was originally influenced by science and technology and large-scale industrial production at that time, and the emergence of art was in line with the trend of the times; Second, left-wing artists are full of enthusiasm for the new society under the dictatorship of the working class, and the period of national economic recovery is coming soon, and the ideal of building a new world and new culture inspires them; Third, it is entirely appropriate for them to apply the skills of abstract art to industrial products to improve their aesthetic quality.

(4) 1920, left-wing artists gabor and pevsner published the Declaration of Constitutionalism. The word constructivism first appeared in the text. The declaration promotes the glory of technology and opposes "artistic speculation." Left-wing artists put forward that new works of art are no longer on a flat canvas, but should directly make three-dimensional objects, which is "composition". According to the definition of the declaration, composition is "the process of assembling different parts". Constructivism, as the only artistic concept that is harmonious with the new society, has received enthusiastic support from artists such as Tetlin and alexander rodchenko. They call themselves "prolific artists", oppose "pure" abstract art, and take a clear-cut stand in the movement of producing fine arts.

Constitutionalists explore the potential of basic elements and connect some basic mechanical principles, such as balance and strength. They especially studied the mechanical parts-wheels, iron bars, gears and coils. The structure they obtained has such precise balance and correct performance that the slight movement of pulleys or fulcrums will damage the formal performance. Their discovery in the field of balance and strength makes the understanding of art closer to the application of design practice. Thus, a new understanding of the relationship between sculpture form and industrial design form has been formed, which enables purely functional mechanical parts to have beautiful expressions and ways while maintaining their basic performance.

(5) The idea that the art of constructivism pursues the integration of art and technology has a great influence on the western art world. 192 1 Lenin's "new economic policy" period, Soviet artists brought the concept and thought of constructivism to the west, which caused great shock, especially to Germany. 1922, Bauhaus of the German Academy of Art and Design held an international conference on constructivism in Dü sseldorf. After the meeting, Gropius, president of Bauhaus, changed the philosophy of running a school that emphasized handicrafts in the 19 19 Bauhaus Declaration, and moved towards the road of combining new art and technology.

(6) Russian Constructivism Movement is an avant-garde art movement and design movement among a small group of advanced intellectuals in Russia before and after the victory of the October Revolution. Many architects in the Soviet Union created many works with constructivism. Because Stalin rejected constructivism, most of the constructivist designs were not realized. The architectural design that really became a reality was the Soviet Exhibition Hall building designed by melnikov, a famous architect of the Paris World Expo in 1925. In this exhibition, Corbusier, the founder of machine aesthetics, exhibited his own "new spiritual hall", in which the spiritual and formal factors have a lot of characteristics of Soviet constructivism.

The influence of constructivism on art design: Some researchers pointed out that "the most influential theories in art design criticism in the early 20th century were constructivism aesthetics and creative aesthetics. Constructivist aesthetic propaganda breaks the tradition and endows art and design with greater democracy rather than elitism; It emphasizes the universality of human experience and holds that human beings have the same vocabulary in natural symbols and abstract symbols. This theory has a great influence on the design criticism of de stijl in the Netherlands.