Reasons for self-sufficiency in traditional society

Analysis of test questions: The metaphor of "mummy" and "like a hibernating mouse" shows that the traditional society in China is stagnant under the bondage of self-sufficient natural economy and absolute monarchy. Therefore, the answer is a. The traditional China society is not only rigid in appearance, but also lifeless inside, so item B is incorrect; The traditional society in China is an independent society, while the traditional society in Egypt was invaded by foreign countries (such as the Ottoman Empire) and became a colony, so item C is incorrect; The materials do not reflect the long, splendid and continuous Chinese civilization, so item C is incorrect.

Comments: Chinese and foreign scholars are mainly divided into two schools: one is the theory of invariance, the other is the theory of non-development and the other is the theory of stagnation. The other school is the theory of change, development and transformation. Regarding the "stagnation theory" in China's history, the same view holds that China's ancient society was stable, and without development, it would be impossible to produce modern factors. Only by the impact of western civilization can we break the balance and change to modernity. (1) first appeared in19th century, when Europe strengthened its external expansion with the completion of the industrial revolution. At that time, some people called China "a mummy with spices, silk and hieroglyphs, and its internal circulation was like a hibernating mouse". (2) At the beginning of the 20th century, western scholars put forward spiritual and cultural determinism, which painted China's "stagnation theory" with theoretical color. (3) During the Second World War, Japanese second-class Akizawa preached that the history of China had the characteristics of stagnation, retrogression and circulation, and only external forces could promote its development. (4) Western scholars have put forward the theories of "Western shock-China response" and "tradition-modernity". They think that everything that is modern is western, and the traditional society in China is stagnant. Without the invasion of western capitalism, it would be impossible for China to produce modern changes, and the west is the founder of China's modern changes. (5) Whitford, who claimed to "break away from the * * * production party", also put forward the theory of "oriental absolutism" in order to "struggle" with * * * production. (6) Since 1970s, western scholars have put forward China's advanced equilibrium trap theory, growth without development theory, over-dense commercialization theory and retrogression theory in Ming Dynasty, thus raising the stagnation theory to a higher theoretical form. This content is mainly put forward from the perspective of history papers, such as the 4 1 title in the national literature synthesis (new curriculum standard) volume 20 12.