How is the Dong ethnic group (guidebook)? (Hundred thousand urgent)

The Dong (Gaeml in Dong language) are a minority in the People's Republic of China. The living area is mainly in the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi, and there are also some Dong in Enshi, Hubei. The total population of the Dong is 2.96 million (5th Census, 2000). The Dong also have a branch in Laos called the "Kham". The Dong are mainly found in the intersection of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi Provinces. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of the Dong is 2960293. The Dong call themselves Gaeml (the pronunciation is similar to the Chinese characters "Gan", "佄" or "more"), which is based on the United Nations' ""("")，""""""". "The international standard translation of the name is "Kam" or "Kam People", in accordance with the principle of "name from master" advocated by the United Nations. The earliest name for the Dong ethnic group was "Gelao Ling", which appeared in the Song Dynasty literature. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were other names such as "Dong Barbarians", "Dong Miao", "Dong People" and "Dong Family". After the founding of New China, they are collectively known as the Dong ethnic group. The people are often called "Dong family".　　The Dong people use the Dong language, which belongs to the Zhuang-Dong language family, and is divided into two dialects, one in the south and the other in the north. Originally, there was no script, and the Chinese language was used. In 1958, a program for the Dong language in the form of the Latin alphabet was set up. Nowadays, most of them use the Chinese language.　It is mainly engaged in agriculture and forestry. Forestry is famous for the production of fir trees. The production of fish and japonica rice is the mainstay, and there is a unique and high-quality rice strain - "Kam Sweet Rice"; the good use of rice paddies to raise fish, creating and inheriting the "rice, fish and duck **** life" as the characteristics of the Dong. It has created and inherited the Dong organic agricultural cultural heritage characterized by "rice, fish and duck*** production". It has its own folk opera - Dong Opera. Drum towers, wind and rain bridges and wind and rain pavilions are the main symbols of the Dong people. The Wind and Rain Bridge is named after the bridge house built on the bridge in the form of a promenade, which can shelter from the wind and rain. The famous Chengyang Wind and Rain Bridge in Sanjiang is designated as a national key cultural relic. There are five multi-legged pagodas built on the bridge, with railings on both sides of the passageway, shaped like a promenade. The bridge structure does not use an iron nail, only in the columns chiseled through the hole articulation, diagonally through the straight set, the structure is exquisite, very strong, breathtaking.　The Dong's xiao and flute are one of China's traditional musical instruments. The Dong people also excel in the art of architecture. Every walled village has chicly shaped wooden buildings. This kind of wooden structure building without using a single nail or rivet has absorbed part of the essence of ancient Chinese pavilion and pavilion architecture. The Dong people are good at architecture. The Dong village drum tower, wind and rain bridge and other architectural arts with delicate structure and various forms are representative.　 Dong Village Drum Tower In the Dong villages of Guizhou and Guangxi, there are many famous drum towers and wind and rain bridges. Because the bridge is built with corridors and pavilions, which can be used both for walking and sheltering from the wind and rain, it is called wind and rain bridge. These ancient buildings, which were built in the late Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, have rigorous structures and unique shapes, which are very rich in national temperament. The whole building without a nail and a rivet and other iron parts, all to the texture of the endurance of the cedar wood chisel mortise and tenon joints, the total length of 64.4 meters, 3.4 meters wide, 16 meters high, five piers each built on the pagoda-shaped and palace-shaped bridge pavilions, curved interlaced, majestic.　Dong Zhai Drum Tower, shaped like a multi-faceted pagoda. Generally more than 20 meters high, 11 layers to the top, relying on 16 cedar pillars to support. The heart of the building is wide and flat, about 10 square meters square, the middle of the stone with a large fire pit, surrounded by wooden railings, with long wooden benches, for resting. The building's steeple, built with a precious gourd or millennium crane, symbolizing the village auspicious and safe. Building eaves protruding up, giving people a delicate and elegant, such as flying like a sense of leap. The culture and art of the Dong people are rich and colorful, and they are known as "the hometown of poetry and the ocean of songs". Dong poetry has a strict rhythm, a wide range of subjects, a healthy and clear mood, and lively metaphors. Lyric poetry is beautiful and delicate, sincere and passionate. Narrative poetry is a very precious cultural heritage of Dong folk literature, with its twists and turns and deep meanings. The lyrics of the poems are mostly about the origin of human beings, migration of ethnic groups and customary laws, which have historical value. The most widely circulated poems are "Zhulang Niangm", "Mangyao", "Sanlang Wumei" and "Song of the Cicada", etc. The musical tunes are many and beautiful. The musical tunes are both numerous and beautiful. The "Great Song", which is a chorus of many voices with a single leader and many harmonies, has a loud and majestic sound and a free rhythm. Pipa songs, named after the pipa or "Geyiqin" (ki212 in Dong language, commonly known as ox-legged zither) accompaniment, have cheerful and smooth tunes, which are unique to the Dong ethnic group. Folk tales and legends, a wide range of subjects, diverse forms, plot twists and turns, fascinating, romantic expression, reflecting the rich imagination of the people of the Dong and the pursuit of light, to overcome the evil of the good wishes. Dong opera was developed from the original narrative rap, which began in the early 19th century, and is said to have been created by Wu Wencai (about 1798-1845) of the Liping Dong ethnic group. The steps are simple, the movements pure and simple, and the tunes are sung in a variety of voices. When singing, it is accompanied by huqin and geyiqin, beating gongs, cymbals and drums to make a scene, wearing Dong costumes without face painting, rich in ethnic colors. Dong folk dances include "Doe", Lusheng Dance, Dragon Dance and Lion Dance. "Doye" is a mass collective song and dance, either male or female, holding each other's hands and shoulders, forming a circle and singing while walking. The Lusheng Dance is a group dance in which the dancers play the Lusheng and dance at the same time. In addition to the instruments mentioned above, there are also Dong flutes and suona. Handicrafts include flower picking, embroidery, color painting, carving, paper cutting, paper carving, rattan weaving and bamboo weaving. Embroidery is a craft that Dong women are good at, and they have all kinds of patterns, figures, animals, flowers, grasses and insects embroidered on their costumes, with vivid images and brilliant colors. Silver jewelry includes necklaces, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings, silver hairpins and silver flowers. The textiles include Dong brocade, Dong Pa and Dong cloth. The "egg cloth" which is dyed with indigo and then coated with protein has bright colors and is the inherent clothing material of the Dong people.　Drum towers and wind and rain bridges are typical representatives of Dong architecture. The Dong people are good at stone and wood construction, and the drum tower and wind and rain bridges are the crystallization of their architectural art. The drum tower is a wooden structure with mortise and tenon joints and no iron nails. There are three, five to fifteen layers, 4 or 6 sides or 8 sides inverted water, 4 to 5 feet high, heavy eaves, like a pagoda, magnificent, is the clan or village signs, but also the public meeting place of the proceedings. Storm Bridge is a wooden bridge with stone piers, promenade bridge, bridge pavilion heavy tiling joint pavilion, majestic, Cheng Yang Bridge in Sanjiang County is the most prestigious, has been listed as a national key protected cultural relics unit.