Olympic common sense

The torch lighting ceremony for the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games originated from 1936 Berlin Olympic Games.

Throughout the opening ceremony of previous Olympic Games, the crowning touch is the word "fire", and ignition is also the finale of the opening ceremony. In ancient Greek mythology, Zeus, the main god, hid all the fires between heaven and earth. Without fire, it is difficult for human beings to develop civilization. Prometheus, who sympathized with mankind, decided to help mankind and steal fire from heaven. He noticed that Zeus didn't hide the fire in the sun, so when the sun passed by, he put a fennel rod in the sun and lit it, and the fire returned to the ground, so that humans could use fire. Prometheus, who stole the fire, was locked on the Caucasus Mountain by Zeus, and later generations lit the flame to commemorate the hero during the sacrifice. In the history of human development, fire has played a vital role, making human bid farewell to the era of eating animals and drinking blood, and giving human the most powerful tool to resist darkness. Fire has greatly expanded the time and space of human activities, and the process of human civilization has entered a brand-new stage because of fire.

Even today, many nationalities in the world still have fire ceremonies. For example, in China, Yi and Bai people have a torch festival, Ewenki people have a "spring fire dance", and some ethnic groups, such as Mosuo people, make a fire every morning to give it to God and ancestors. It is precisely because human beings respect fire so much that since the birth of the ancient Olympic Movement, the flame has become eternal and sacred in the unarmed transmission of human beings. In 778 BC, at the first known ancient Olympic Games, there was a ceremony to light the flame. Today, the lighting ceremony of the Olympic Games has been given a deeper connotation.

Introduction to the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games

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The opening ceremony has always been the highlight of the Olympic Games. At the opening ceremony, we should not only embody the Olympic spirit with the aim of peace, unity and friendship, but also show the national culture, customs and organizational level of the host country, and at the same time express our warm welcome to the guests from all over the world. At the opening ceremony, in addition to a series of basic ceremonies, there are generally wonderful group calisthenics with national characteristics and literary or military sports performances.

Modern opening ceremony process

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1, approach

The president of the Olympic Organizing Committee announced the opening ceremony. The President of the International Olympic Committee and the President of the Olympic Organizing Committee greet the heads of state of the host country at the entrance of the stadium and guide them to the special seats. Delegations lined up in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except Greece and the host country, where the Greek delegation entered first and the host country entered last.

2. Raise the flag by speaking

The president of the Olympic Organizing Committee spoke, the president of the International Olympic Committee spoke, and the head of state of the host country announced the opening of the Olympic Games. Playing "Ode to the Olympics", at the same time, the Olympic flag enters the stadium in the form of horizontal expansion and rises from the flagpole of the stadium.

Step 3 light the torch

The Olympic torch relay ran into the stadium. The last relay runner walked around the track, lit the Olympic flame, and then released the pigeons.

4. Athletes take the oath

The flags of the delegations formed a semicircle around the podium, and an athlete from the host country boarded the podium. Holding a corner of the Olympic flag in his left hand, he raised his right hand and read the following oath: "In the name of all athletes, for the honor of sports and the honor of our sports team, I promise to participate in this Olympic Games with true sportsmanship and respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition."

5. The referee swore an oath

Then, a referee of the host country boarded the podium and read the following oath in the same way: "I promise to perform my duties completely and openly in this Olympic Games in the name of all referees and officials, and respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition."

6. Play music and quit

Play or sing the national anthem of the host country, and the delegations will leave in turn.

7. Cultural performances

After these ceremonies, there will be group gymnastics or other cultural performances. This is the biggest workload, the longest preparation time and the most expensive project in the opening ceremony of previous Olympic Games. The host country often starts to prepare one or two years in advance and tries its best to attract guests with great momentum and unique national spirit. The success or failure of the opening ceremony depends largely on the effect and performance of group gymnastics.

8. Athletes enter the stadium

It will take a long time. At the Athens Olympic Games, the opening ceremony lasted 3.5 hours, and it took athletes about 2 hours to enter the stadium.

The music played in each country is different, basically playing the national music of the country where it is located, with live DJ.

The development history of the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games

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The earliest opening ceremony of the Olympic Games

At the opening ceremony of the early Olympic Games, apart from the basic etiquette, the cultural performances were completely "foil", so most of them were humble. 1896 The first modern Olympic Games held in Athens, after all kinds of "prescribed movements", only the classical Greek string "Olympic Flame" was played. This song was later confirmed as the Olympic song by the International Olympic Committee.

Join the choir

Until the 8th Olympic Games held in Paris in 1924, only four bands and two choirs performed at the opening ceremony.

A luxurious opening ceremony

After the 1950s, the Olympic Games gradually became luxurious, and the opening ceremony attracted more and more attention. Art performance has become the part with the largest workload, the longest preparation time and the most expenses. Some people even call it "the flower of the Olympic Games". 1984 los Angeles Olympic games, the opening ceremony cost 7 million us dollars; 192 The Barcelona Olympic Games more than tripled to $25 million.

national costume

National is the world's ―― this incisive assertion has become a major factor for the founders of large-scale cultural performances at the opening ceremony of previous Olympic Games. At the beginning of preparing for the opening ceremony of the Seoul Olympic Games, Koreans formulated the guiding ideology of "taking their own culture as the center and widely absorbing the advantages of other foreign cultures". Among the many principles they formulated, apart from "being rich in Korean characteristics", there are also "avoiding old performance forms such as fan dance and dragon dance". In other words, the performance of the opening ceremony should highlight the freshest, most shocking and most enjoyable content in domestic culture. The opening ceremony, prologue and final performance of the Olympic Games lasted 72 minutes. After the athletes left the stadium, the performance began with "Beautiful Days", and the aerobatic skydiving performance was skillfully integrated with the traditional Korean dances "Fufu Dance" and "Flower Dance". More than 2000 performers danced, showing people's expectation for peace and happiness.

The most successful opening ceremony

1992 The opening ceremony of the Barcelona Olympic Games is considered to be the most successful. The organizer presented a wonderful performance that blended Spanish folklore, history and European culture to the whole world. At the beginning of the opening ceremony, 360 drummers sounded Aragon drums to celebrate the bumper harvest in Spain. The sonorous drums echoed in the stadium with clear rhythm and stirring people's hearts. The famous dancer performed the most Spanish flamenco dance on the platform in the center of the venue. Domingo, one of the top ten tenors in the world, sang for it. Their enthusiastic performance made people feel the enthusiasm of the Spanish people. The last part of the cultural performance is the famous pyramids in Spain. 2 174 performers in red and green shirts and white trousers set up a six-story "human tower" on the track, symbolizing 12 countries in Europe. Subsequently, Domingo, carreras and other six world-class singers sang a collection of famous European operas, which charmed tens of thousands of audiences.

Vigorously carry forward the Olympic spirit

Since this is the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games, we have the responsibility to spread the Olympic concept of unity, friendship and peace. At the opening ceremonies of previous Olympic Games, the founders took great pains, and many of them made great efforts in this respect. In the preparatory stage of the opening ceremony of the Seoul Olympic Games, there was a heated debate about the creation of the Olympic theme song. Some people think that since Korea holds the Olympic Games, the theme song should be written by Korean musicians. However, the Organizing Committee of the Seoul Olympic Games believes that the essence of the theme song is to spread the Olympic concept, to be sung to everyone in the world and to be created by the best musicians in the world. They chose the Italian composer Morod, who wrote the theme song for the Los Angeles Olympic Games and won three Oscar film music awards, and cooperated with the famous American poet tom whitelock, which achieved great success. A song "Hand in Hand" greatly promoted the opening ceremony of the Seoul Olympic Games and spread the Olympic concept of unity and friendship to the whole world. So that Samaranch, then president of the International Olympic Committee, once suggested that "hand in hand" should be the permanent theme song of the Olympic Games.

1996 The Atlanta Olympic Games is the centenary of the modern Olympic Games, and the theme song of this grand event is The Call of the Century. At the beginning of the opening ceremony, in the melody of the theme song, five tall "elves" with the Olympic rings rose into the air, 500 young men and women dressed in national costumes formed the five-ring pattern in the center of the venue, and 400 children formed "100" under the five rings. The theme called by the century has been embodied and sublimated.

Only innovation can have vitality.

The general director of the opening ceremony of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games is Rick Burch, an Australian who has participated in the opening ceremony of three Olympic Games. In the past, artists of the Olympic Games were mostly confined to their own countries, but at the opening ceremony of the Sydney Olympic Games, Birch introduced a marching group of 2,000 musicians from 20 countries to perform. At the opening ceremony, accompanied by the Olympic anthem, when they strode into the venue and played magnificent and beautiful music, they themselves interpreted the Olympic song of friendship, unity and forge ahead among people of different nationalities and colors. Before the opening of the Sydney Olympic Games, the organizing committee specially solicited songs from all over the world, with more than 4,000 entries. At the opening ceremony, some songs played by 2,000 musicians from all over the world, except the national anthem of the host country Australia, were excellent works selected from 4,000 participating songs. This undoubtedly increases the world significance of play. However, in terms of innovation, the opening ceremony of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games was the boldest and most successful. The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games was named after "Greek Ocean", and the founder moved "Aegean Sea" into the opening ceremony venue. The center of the stadium is filled with more than 2,000 tons of water, which looks like an "artificial Aegean Sea". The background of the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games is magically changing between "sea water" and land. Coupled with the excellent use of high-tech light and shadow means and colorful fireworks, the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games has simply become a dreamland. The development and evolution of ancient Greek civilization, myths and legends, architectural civilization and sculptures were magically "reappeared" at the opening ceremony. Even the athletes' entrance ceremony was given a romantic color. Participants from all over the world did not enter the center of the venue in turn as before, but stepped on the oval steps next to the "ocean" and detoured into the venue. The atmosphere at the meeting suddenly became more enthusiastic and active.

Of course, the Athens Olympic Games also paid a high price for all this. The total cost of the opening and closing ceremonies reached 8 1 10,000 euros, which was the highest in the opening and closing ceremonies of previous Olympic Games and was criticized by many experts at home and abroad in Greece.

In the long history of human development, apart from the ancient social and cultural phenomenon of religion, the Olympic movement can be said to be the oldest social and cultural phenomenon. From the recorded history, the origin of the Olympic Movement can be traced back to 776 BC. But before that, the ancient Olympic Games may have existed for centuries. The Olympic Games, referred to as the "Olympic Games" for short, is a world-wide comprehensive games sponsored by the International Olympic Committee.

The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece and got its name because it was held in the Olympic Games. Legend has it that the ancient Olympic Games was founded by Zeus, the king of the gods. The 1 th ancient Olympic Games was held in 776 BC and 293 times in 394 AD. The sports meeting is held every 14 17 days, that is, every four years. Later, people called this cycle the Olympic cycle. With the rise of modern sports, the Greek people hope to restore the ancient Olympic Games. 1859―― 1889, Greece hosted four Olympic Games and made a preliminary attempt. From 1883, Frenchman Coubertin devoted himself to the revival of the ancient Olympic Games. Through the efforts of several generations, the International Olympic Committee was established on June 23rd, 1894. The first Olympic Charter formulated by Coubertin emphasized the amateurism of the Olympic movement, stipulating that only the winners were awarded honorary awards at the Olympic Games, and no money or other material rewards were given to athletes in any form. 1896 ―― 15 On April 6th, the first Olympic Games was held in Athens.

The ancient Olympic Games were basically held every four years, and this cycle was called "Olympiad". According to this cycle, from 776 BC to 394 AD, * * * should be held for 293 sessions; But in fact the number of meetings is much less. However, according to the ancient Olympic Games, one Olympic Games is one, whether it is held or not.

In the early days of the ancient Olympic Games, there were not many events, so the first 22 sessions only lasted for one day. Later, with the increase of incidents, it was extended to two days. From the 37th session, the juvenile competition was added, and the time was extended to 5 days. The first day is the opening ceremony, where sacrifices and oaths are held, the second, third and fourth days are the specific contents of the competition, and the fifth day is the closing ceremony, where prizes are awarded and sacrificial activities are held.

At present, the Olympic Games include track and field, swimming (including diving, water polo and synchronized swimming), shooting, weightlifting, cycling, archery, basketball, volleyball, football, handball, hockey, gymnastics (including rhythmic gymnastics), fencing, international wrestling (freestyle and classical), boxing, judo, rowing and kayaking.

The development scale and level of the modern Olympic Movement have attracted worldwide attention. The Olympic spirit has been widely spread. People see that Olympism, as a cultural phenomenon, closely links ethnic groups with different skin colors and cultural backgrounds in the form of competition, which has a far-reaching impact on human social activities and human civilization. As a sports phenomenon, the Olympic Games is the most fascinating stage for human beings to explore the limits of physical fitness. Olympic records and medals have become lofty goals pursued by athletes, and the Olympic movement has become a global activity with great attraction, penetration and cohesion in many participating countries and regions.

From 65438 to 0893, at the suggestion of Coubertin, the father of the Olympic Games, an international sports conference was held in Paris to discuss the revival of the Olympic Games. 1894 1 month, Coubertin drew up the concrete steps to revive the Olympic Games and 10 issues to be discussed, and wrote to sports organizations and groups in various countries. 16 June, the "International Sports Congress" opened in Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris, with 79 delegates representing 49 sports organizations in 2 countries. 2000 people attended the opening ceremony. The General Assembly adopted the resolution of "Reviving the Olympic Movement". On June 23rd, the International Olympic Committee was established. The establishment of the International Olympic Committee marks the birth of the Olympic Movement.

Beijing opening ceremony timetable

There is a pre-ceremony performance of17: 45-19: 001hour 15 minutes, and there are 28 wonderful programs with regional characteristics and ethnic customs.

/kloc-audience consultation will be held around 0/9: 00.

19: 56 countdown to the opening ceremony.

From 20: 00 to 23: 30, the opening ceremony officially started, lasting about 3.5 hours.

Process |

These three parts are closely linked.

According to the convention of the Olympic Games, the main flow of the opening ceremony is divided into three parts. Zhang Heping said that these three parts are: First, the ceremony before the performance. Include welcoming ceremony, display of the Olympic rings, admission of the China national flag, raising of the China national flag and playing of the Chinese national anthem. This part of time is about 14 minutes.

The second is the core part-cultural performance, named "Beautiful Olympics", which is divided into two parts, the first part and the second part, about one hour. The first article is called splendid civilization; The next article is called Modern People. The third part is the post-performance ceremony, including the athletes' entrance ceremony, President BOCOG's speech, the speech of the President of the International Olympic Committee, the announcement of the opening of the Olympic Games in China, the raising of the Olympic flag, the playing of the Olympic anthem, the raising of the Olympic flag, the oath of the athletes' representatives, the oath of the referees' representatives, the release of doves for peace, the torch relay in the stadium and the final lighting ceremony. This part lasts nearly two and a half hours.

Style |

Tell the story of China in the world language.

For everyone, the artistic performance style of the opening ceremony has always been a stage for the host country to display its own culture and art. What about the opening ceremony? What are the main contents and artistic styles? These problems have also become the focus of attention. "In the performance of the opening ceremony, the long history and splendid culture of the Chinese nation, the achievements of contemporary China's reform and opening up and the spiritual outlook of contemporary China people will be highlighted." Zhang Heping said that the performance of the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games has this important feature.

For everyone, the artistic performance style of the opening ceremony has always been a stage for the host country to display its own culture and art.

In terms of artistic style, Zhang Heping said that the opening ceremony insisted on telling the story of China in the world language. "The opening ceremony fully embodies the national characteristics and characteristics of the times. Taking China's unique' picture scroll' as a clue, it shows the heritage of oriental civilization with the freehand spirit of China's aesthetics, shows the vitality of contemporary China with gorgeous colors, and endows the opening ceremony with modernity and internationality with creative contemporary artistic expressions. "

Admission ticket |

China is behind Zambia.

It takes nearly two hours for athletes to enter the stadium. And what kind of principles these 205 sports delegations are sorted according to has always attracted much attention. Zhang Heping said: "The order of athletes' admission will be arranged according to the simplified Chinese character stroke order of the names of delegations from 205 countries or regions. In other words, the stroke of the first Chinese character in the Chinese translation of the country name shall prevail. "

This method is also based on international practice, according to the "host language ranking" of the Olympic Games held in Beijing, and naturally it should be sorted by simplified words. If the number of strokes of the first Chinese character is the same, the second Chinese character shall prevail, and so on. In addition to the Greek delegation and the host China, the Greek delegation was the first to enter, and the China delegation was the last to enter. Zhang Heping also revealed that the second appearance was the Guinean delegation; The Zambian delegation appeared before the China delegation.

Fireworks |

15000 Fireworks Opening Ceremony

The fireworks set off at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games run through the whole opening ceremony and are carried out together with the ceremony performance. The total number of fireworks in the main stadium is about 15000, and the total number of fireworks in the central area of the Olympic Park is about 14000, which will add a lot of color to the opening ceremony on the evening of August 8.

Actor |

One third comes from the army.

The cast is about 15000. This does not include the etiquette personnel, and the total number adds up to less than 20 thousand. One third of the cast members are from the army.

Focus |

The opening ceremony may not have Wenchuan elements.

The Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan on May 12 shocked the world. Since then, many people have speculated that the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games may add elements of the Wenchuan earthquake. In this regard, Zhang Heping made it clear yesterday that there will be no elements of the Wenchuan earthquake in the opening ceremony.

He said: "The Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan was a profound disaster for the people of China. In the process of earthquake relief and home reconstruction. Our people have formed the spirit of unity, courage, tenacity and people-oriented earthquake relief. Our country has demonstrated this spirit from the central leadership to the ordinary people, and this national spirit will also inject new spirit into the opening ceremony. However, after all, the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games is a grand gathering to celebrate the joy of sports, and it should not and does not need to carry more things. We believe that the success of the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games will further invigorate the national spirit, and at the same time, it will also be conducive to the next earthquake relief and reconstruction work. "

Production team for the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games: General Director: Zhang Yimou, Deputy Director: Zhang Jigang, etc.

Olympic flame

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Fire is an important motive force of human civilization and a sacred object in the hearts of our ancestors. As an important part of the sports meeting, the torch has a history of more than 2700 years. Legend has it that Mount Olympia in ancient Greece was the habitat of the gods. In memory of Prometheus, the fire god who stole fire for mankind, the local people hold a sacrificial ceremony in front of the altar every four years. The lighting ceremony of the ancient Olympic Games originated from the myth that humans stole the flame from the sky in ancient Greece. In front of Zeus in Olympia, the sacred flame is lit on the altar according to the religious ceremony, and then the torch conveys the information that the Olympic Games is about to begin among the city-states. The polis had to call a truce, forget hatred and war, and actively prepare for the Olympic Games. Therefore, the torch symbolizes peace, light, unity and friendship. According to the tradition of the Olympic Games, the torch should arrive in the host city the day before the opening ceremony and be lit on the opening day. The torch must abide by the Olympic ceremony during the journey or in the celebration of its arrival in the host city, and shall not be used for advertising. However, with the help of the Olympic torch, the host country often arranges representative and distinctive figures, such as Olympic gold medal winners who win glory for their country, hold the torch high in front of enthusiastic and appreciative audiences, and then run to the torch platform to light the flame after a round trip. The flame must be located in an obvious position in the general assembly field and have a good view. It is best to see the flames outside the conference hall. During the Olympic Games, the flame cannot be extinguished. When the flame goes out, the Olympic Games is officially over. 1936 The torch of the Berlin Olympic Games was lit for the first time in Olympic history. Because the Berlin Olympic Games was used by Hitler as a tool to promote Nazism, this Olympic Games became one of the few stains in Olympic history. However, it was at the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936 that the world saw the lighting of the Olympic flame for the first time, and it was from this Olympic Games that the Olympic flame began its journey to shine all over the world. On July 20th, a grand torch lighting ceremony was held in Olympia. 12 The girls dressed in Greek national costumes lit the first torch with the accompaniment of music. Coubertin, former president of the International Olympic Committee, visited the venue and delivered a speech. Then, the 1 km torch relay officially began. The torch relay passed through Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria and Czechoslovakia and arrived in Berlin in the early morning of August 1. From Olympia to Berlin Stadium, the whole journey is 3,075 kilometers, and 3,075 people participated in the relay. Starting from this Olympic Games, lighting the Olympic flame is one of the essential ceremonies in the opening ceremony of each Olympic Games. The Melbourne Olympic flame lit up the southern hemisphere for the first time. 16 Olympic Games was held in Melbourne, Australia on122 October, 1956, 165438. This is the first time that a country in the southern hemisphere has hosted the Olympic Games. The most memorable thing about this Olympic Games is the joint participation of the Democratic Republic of Germany and the Federal Republic of Germany. Accompanied by ode to joy, they used black, red and yellow flags with five rings as the league flag. The Tokyo Olympic torch was first lit in Asia. 10 year 10 month, 18 Olympic Games opened in Tokyo, Japan. The weather that had been cloudy the previous week suddenly got better that day. The United States even launched the "Sinkem" satellite to broadcast the Olympic Games to the whole world, which is the first time in history. The Olympic Games held a grand torch relay. On August 2 1 day, the torch was lit in Olympia, transported by air to Kagoshima, Japan on September 9, and then delivered in four routes. The four routes are 84 kilometers long. The last person to light the Olympic flame was Ji Ze Sakai, a 0/9-year-old student from Waseda University. He was born on the day when the atomic bomb exploded in Hiroshima (1August 6, 945). The Olympic flame is a symbol of peace. It is obvious that Sakai lit the flame. 1976 the torch relay of the Montreal Olympic games was officially opened on July 17, 2007. The Olympic torch relay took a different way. It was ignited in Olympia on July 65438, 2003. After the torch relay to Athens, it was transmitted to Ottawa, the capital of Canada, by satellite laser technology, not by ship, plane or relay. At that time, the flame lit in Greece was captured by sensors and transmitted to Ottawa on the other side of the globe, and the Olympic flame was copied by decoding the pulse signal from the satellite. This kind of communication seems novel, but later it was criticized by many people. Later Olympic Games never followed this practice. The design of the torch relay route for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games is unique. The organizers made full use of various modes of delivery, such as land, sea and air, and the Olympic torch was even taken to the seabed by divers for underwater delivery. In 2004, five continents in Athens shared the glory of the Olympic Games, and the torch relay before the opening of the Olympic Games created many firsts. In order to commemorate the Olympic Games' return to hometown, the organizing committee carefully designed the torch relay route. For the first time, the Olympic torch spread all over five continents and reached Africa and South America for the first time, giving people all over the world the opportunity to participate in and experience this grand event. The flame spread all over the cities that hosted the Summer Olympic Games in history, giving these cities the opportunity to witness the Olympic flame with their own eyes and experience the happiness brought by the Olympic Games again. In addition, the torch has also reached some cities with special significance, such as Brussels, the central city of the European Union, Lausanne, where ioc headquarters is located, and Beijing, the host city of the next Olympic Games. The whole torch relay process lasted 78 days, covering 78,000 kilometers around the world, covering all administrative regions and all states in Greece.